Middle English Dictionary Entry
dẹ̄de, dēde n.
Entry Info
Forms | dẹ̄de, dēde n. Also dade, dead)e, ded, deid(e, deode, dide; (early) dæde, (early dat. sg.) deden. Pl. dēdes & dēde, dade, dǣda, dǣde, dēdæ, dēdy & dēden, dǣden, dēdan. |
Etymology | OE: A dēd, K dēd, WS dǣd. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1a.
(a) An action, a deed; god ~, ivel ~, etc.; see also almes ~, est ~, man ~, mis ~; (b) a marvelous act, miracle; also, a feat of magic; (c) a favor, kindness, service; (d) ?an expenditure, ?an administrative act.
Associated quotations
a
- a1121 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.1070 : Þa amansumede he ealle þa men þa þet yfel dæde hæfden don.
- ?a1160 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.1137 : Þe land was al for-don mid suilce dædes.
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)50/9 : Ælc þare ðe..mid gode dedæ his wille wurcæð.
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)122/28 : Þonne sceole we nu forlæten unrihtlicæ dædæ.
- c1225 Body & S.(2) (Wor F.174)6/32 : Þu hauest unc fordon mid þine luþere deden.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)1375 : Þær Cristess mennisscnesse Drannc dæþess drinnch..Forr ure woȝhe dedess.
- a1225(OE) Lamb.Hom.Pentec.(Lamb 487)99 : He onlihte ure mod..mid gode dedan.
- a1225(?c1175) PMor.(Lamb 487)89 : Helche rune he iherð & wat alle deden [vrr. alle dede, alle dade].
- c1230(?a1200) *Ancr.(Corp-C 402)22a : He preiseð þe uuele & his uuele dede [Nero: deden].
- c1230(?a1200) *Ancr.(Corp-C 402)38a : Wið ute salt of wisdom, þuncheð godd smechles alle ure deden.
- a1275 Wolle ye i-heren (Trin-C B.14.39)80 : Þenc þou, mon, þat tou ne bee lorn for alle dedis þat tou doest.
- a1300 Bestiary (Arun 292)82 : Ðis man..Forsaket ðore satanas & ilk sinful dede [rime: mede].
- c1300 SLeg.Brendan (LdMisc 108)580 : Fewe god dedes [Hrl: gode dede] ich haue i-don.
- a1350 God þat al þis myhtes (Hrl 2253)10 : My gode deden bueþ fol smalle.
- c1330(?a1300) Tristrem (Auch)982 : Wiþ wrong dede [rime: ȝede, rede, lede] þe raunsoun y-taken is.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)73/11 : Ine heuene..guode dedes byeþ heȝliche yolde.
- (c1380) Chaucer CT.SN.(Manly-Rickert)G.516 : He..bad men sholde hir lede Hoom til hir hous and..Brenne hire right in a bath of flambes rede, And as he bad right so was doon the dede.
- c1390 PPl.A(1) (Vrn)5.261 : A þousent of Men þo þrongen to-geders, Weopyng and weylyng for heore wikkede dedes.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)1.1038 : And whan the Prestes weren dede, The temple of thilke horrible dede Thei thoghten purge.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)1085 : Caym had don þat dreri dide [vr. dede; rime: ȝeide].
- a1400(a1325) Glo.Chron.B (Trin-C R.4.26)789/99 : Quinteliche & stille þis deden [vr. þise dedes] were ido.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)1.1080 : His dede on hym silfe schal rebounde.
- (c1426) Audelay Poems (Dc 302)84/175 : Þou getyst no more with þe Saue þi good dydis.
- c1430(c1386) Chaucer LGW (Benson-Robinson)624 : Octovyan, that wod was of this dede, Shop hym an ost on Antony to lede.
- (a1440) Let.Coventry in EHR 55644 : To graunt hir alowance of the forseid rent for terme of hir lyf for the loue of god & in dede of charite.
- ?c1450 St.Cuth.(Eg 3309)4 : What dedes he did, here is made mynde.
- c1425(?c1400) Wycl.Apol.(Dub 245)10 : If þe pope..graunt..to ani man indulgens, or part of merit of seynts, part of preyours, abstinens, wakyng, obediens, or oþer deds.
- a1500 Mayer Nominale (Mayer)679/41 : Hoc factum: a dyde.
b
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)100/25 : Ȝif we wullæþ iþencean his oðre dæde, þe mucele mare..beoð, þenne maȝe we þisses þe seð ilyfæn.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)11812 : Ȝiff Crist itt nollde þolenn himm, Ne dide he [the Devil] nohht tatt dede.
- a1200(?OE) Trin.Hom.(Trin-C B.14.52)187 : Manie mannisshe folgeden ure drihte..for to isen his wunderliche deden.
- c1390 Castle Love(1) (Vrn)938 : Bihold now, Mon, to Godes miht And his deden, hou heo beoþ diht.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)19.129 : Þo was he called..For þe dedes þat he did, fili dauid, ihesus.
- a1400 Siege Jerus.(1) (LdMisc 656)99 : Þer was a lede in our londe..Preued for a prophete þrow preysed dedes & born in Bethleem.
- c1425(?c1400) Wycl.Apol.(Dub 245)92 : He þat doþ an vnprofitable signe is a fals profit..for he doþ..þat he boost him silf in his dede.
c
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)138/25 : Heo us þæs dæda doþ..forþam þe heo alle wurcð an weorc.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)112 : Icc hafe don þiss dede..icc till Ennglissh hafe wennd Goddspelless hallȝhe lare.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Juliana (Bod 34)53/574 : [D]Rihtin undeaðlich..þe ich þonki to dei alle þine deden.
- c1350 MPPsalter (Add 17376)77.14 : Hij for-ȝaten his gode dedes [L benefactorum] & hijs wondres, which he shewed to hem.
- a1425 *Medulla (Stnh A.1.10)9b/a : Beneficencia: a goud dede.
- c1450 Trin-C.LEDict.(Trin-C O.5.4)568/2 : Beneficium: a good dede.
d
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)37/22 : Þe ontrewe reuen..wyþdraȝeþ þe rentes of hire lhordes, and rekeneþ more ine dedes [F mises; Vices & V.(2): costes] and ine spendinge.
1b.
(a) A heroic deed, military achievement; ~ of armes, a feat of arms; doughti of (in) ~, valiant in war or combat; (b) a military action, battle, encounter, fight, tournament; ~ of armes, a passage of arms, a fight, combat; haven a ~ on, to fight (sb.).
Associated quotations
a
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)13976 : Þa Alemainisce men..aðele weoren an deden.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)27795 : Þe kaisere wende Walwain to scende, þat he mihte an uuere daȝe ȝelpen uor þere deden [Otho: þe dede].
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)31165 : Swiðe heo gunnen dreden of Cadwalanes deden [Otho: deades].
- c1330(?a1300) Tristrem (Auch)1508 : Dede þe steward þis dede [rime: stede, wede, ȝede]?
- c1330 Otuel (Auch)1147 : Þou art so douȝti man of dede & mani a kniȝt hauest maked blede.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)163/24 : Be wytnesse..me ne proueþ naȝt þet he by guod knyȝt, ac be moche dede of armes.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)1197 : He slow six..þat douȝtiest were of dede of þe dukes ost.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.CY.(Manly-Rickert)G.1347 : Was neuere brid gladder agayn the day..Ne knyght in armes to doon an hardy dede.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)19.130 : For dauid was douȝtiest of dedes in his tyme.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)prol.207 : The grete worthynesse Of her dedis hadde ben in veyn.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)5.803 : This Diomede..Was..chivalrous Of dedes.
- (1433) RParl.4.423a : Ye Batayle of Vernule..was ye grettest dede doon by Englissh men in our dayes, save the Bataille of Agyncourte.
- c1450 Ponthus (Dgb 185)28/6 : They dide so mony grete dedys of armys.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)32/25 : Kynge Bors..aftirwarde drew hys swerde and dud mervaylous dedis of armys.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)147/44 : He xal us brynge fro þe develys drede as a duke most dowty in dede.
- a1475 Siege Troy(1) (Hrl 525)211/1870 : Preve þat ye bene doughty of dede [rime: spede].
- a1500(?c1400) Triam.(Cmb Ff.2.38)1500 : They were bothe doghty in dede.
- a1500(1422) Yonge SSecr.(Rwl B.490)121/14 : Chyuary is..mayntenyd by dedys of armes.
b
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)1096 : Ȝif me þe ordur of kniȝt, to go to þis dedus.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)1137 : Þe duk of þat dede him warned, to be boun be a certayne day batayle to holde.
- (c1385) Chaucer CT.Kn.(Manly-Rickert)A.2636 : Somtyme an ende ther is of euery dede.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)2.165 : Þe Flemynges..beeþ redy for to goo..somtyme to dedes of armes [L ad arma] whan tyme and place axeþ.
- c1400 ?Nassyngton SV (Cmb Ll.1.8)37 : I wil make no veyn spekyng Of dedes of armes.
- a1450(?c1421) Lydg.ST (Arun 119)1121 : The ton shal..haunte hym-self in Dedy [vr. Dedys] marcyal.
- a1425(c1333-52) Minot Poems (Glb E.9)2/23 : Þai fled and durst no dede habide.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)4.624 : I wol myself ben with the at this dede.
- ?a1425(c1400) Mandev.(1) (Tit C.16)210/25 : And I..haue ben..at many a faire dede of armes [Eg: dedez of armez; F beal fait].
- a1500(?a1400) Torrent (Chet 8009)2216 : On the soudan he had a dede [rime: mede].
1c.
An act of copulation, sexual intercourse.
Associated quotations
- c1225(?c1200) HMaid.(Bod 34)224 : Þenne smit leccherie o þe mihte of meiðhad &..þet dreori dede on ende ȝeueð þe deaðes dunt.
- c1275(?c1250) Owl & N.(Clg A.9)513 : For þane he haueþ ido his dede, Ifallen is al his boldhede.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)1150 : He haueð ðe dede wrogt And on eiðer here a knaue bigeten.
- c1330(?a1300) Tristrem (Auch)3201 : Ȝete þai ben al clene; Haue þai no dede y-done.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)46/26 : Þe zixte heaued..is lecherie..Vor of fole ziȝþe me comþ to þe speche..uram þe kessinge to þe dede.
- (c1375) Chaucer CT.Mk.(Manly-Rickert)B.3474 : She was nat with childe with that dede.
- c1390(?c1350) Jos.Arim.(Vrn)107 : Hou scholde a child come forþ withoute flescly dedes Bi-twene wommon an Mon?
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pars.(Manly-Rickert)I.862 : The fifthe fynger of the deueles hand is the stynkynge dede of leccherie.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.WB.(Manly-Rickert)D.70 : For hadde god comanded maydenhede, Thanne hadde he dampned weddyng with the dede.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)2948 : Þe fader his auen dede [Frf: deide] wist noght.
- (?1406) Hoccl.MR (Hnt HM 111)156 : Had I a kus, I was content..Bettre than I wolde han be with the deede [rime: neede, dreede, gleede].
- ?c1425 *Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)158b/a : Coldenesse and mysdede..is fordoynge of þe dede of leccherie on þe mannes side.
- c1430(c1386) Chaucer LGW (Benson-Robinson)2324 : By force hath he..don that dede, That he hath reft hire of hire maydenhede.
- (c1443) Pecock Rule (Mrg M 519)351 : It is riȝt of wedlok þat þey mowe vse deedis þerof wiþoute synne.
- a1450 St.Editha (Fst B.3)1812 : He nas neuer from þe tyme þat he was bore Dyffoullyd with dede or spotte of sensualyte.
- a1500(?c1400) EToulouse (Cmb Ff.2.38)571 : To do that dede yf y assente, Y were worthy to be brente.
2.
(a) Way of acting, behavior, conduct; (b) activity; ~ of conning, ~ of the thought, mental activity; in ~, actively; in ~ of light, through the action of light; (c) the doing (of sth.), commission (of a sin), performing (of a surgical operation).
Associated quotations
a
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)10361 : Acc wel itt maȝȝ hemm brinngenn onn To rihhtenn þeȝȝre dede.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)16738 : Menn..lufenn þessterrnesse Forrþi þatt teȝȝre dede iss all..unnclene.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)6895 : Wel he braid on [Otho: dude in] deade efter his alderen.
- a1225(c1200) Vices & V.(1) (Stw 34)127/14 : Walawa þessere lare and ðesere dade!
- a1275 Vid word (Trin-C B.14.39)3 : Dele al þi goid, þouere þad habbit neode; Quite dettes & scripe of sinful deode.
- a1300 Bestiary (Arun 292)468 : He speken godcundhede, & wikke is here dede.
- ?a1300 Maximian (Dgb 86)30,39 : He makede moni a word Hof hal his liues dede..Ofte ich..þenke on childes dede [rime: gnede, nede, fede].
- c1330(?a1300) Tristrem (Auch)2176 : Meriadok..Waited hem ful neiȝe Of her dede [rime: spede].
- c1390 PPl.A(1) (Vrn)10.117 : And þus of drede and his dede, Dobest aryseþ.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)5.67 : I mai excuse wel my dede.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)20005 : Þai did þam-seluen al to proue O ded [Göt: of dede; Frf: of dide] for þair lauerd behoue.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)74 : Þe ludych lorde..hade dedayn of þat dede.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.4867 : And perigal of manhod and of dede He was to any þat I can of rede.
- a1425 Ben.Rule(1) (Lnsd 378)2.22 : We sal belt us wid chastiment, riht trouz þat ye haue wid gode dede.
- c1430(c1386) Chaucer LGW (Benson-Robinson)861 : I wol hym tellen of my drede Bothe of the lyonesse and al my deede.
- a1450(?a1349) ?Rolle Luf es lyf (Cmb Dd.5.64)62 : For up sal ryse al men and answer for þair dede [rime: drede, lede, mede].
- a1500(?a1400) SLChrist (Hrl 3909)762 : Weddet ho was onely þerfore that he miȝt kepe hir couenably & witnes ber al of hir dede.
- a1500(?c1400) Triam.(Cmb Ff.2.38)900 : Tryamowre..thankyd hym for hys feyre dede [rime: blede, yede].
b
- c1300 SLeg.Mich.(LdMisc 108)672 : Ho-so hath of þe eorþe mest, he is slouȝ ase þe Asse, Of fade colur, of hard huyde, boistous fourme, and ded strong.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)304a/a : Colour nedeþ light þat schyneþ in dede [L actualiter] to prente þerby þe qualite of þe colour.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)306b/b : By worchinge in dede of light [L actum lucidi].
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)5.pr.5.11 : The whiche passioun or suffraunce clepith forth the dede of the thought [L actum mentis].
- (c1454) Pecock Fol.(Roy 17.D.9)164/17 : If a man leerne and studie about a craft..is not þilk deede of kunnyng a seruice to god?
- a1500(?a1400) SLChrist (Hrl 3909)1714 : Al hor dede miȝt noȝt auaile.
c
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pars.(Manly-Rickert)I.298 : Many men ne repenten hem..but oonly of the dede of grete synnes outward.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pars.(Manly-Rickert)I.359 : The dede of this venial synne is ful perilous.
- ?c1425 *Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)3b/a : Þerto be it haunted..to fore þe applicacioun and in þe dede [*Ch.(1): in þe acte; L in actu] of þe applicacioun and after þe dede þerof.
- ?c1425 *Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)173a/a : Gouernance of ham [cauteries] is double; þat is to say, afore þe dede, and after þe dede.
3.
(a) A task, work, office; thre daies ~, a three days' task (or journey); (b) function, use; (c) ability, prowess; of a medicine: efficacy; (d) physiol. process; ~ of brething, the respiratory process; ~ of odoracioun (sight), process of smelling (seeing).
Associated quotations
a
- c1390 NHom.Narrat.(Vrn)259/52 : Fel auntur þat hire breþur ede In labour to don heore dede; heore labour was ston beryng.
- c1400(?c1380) Patience (Nero A.10)354 : Hit watz a cete ful syde & selly of brede; On to þrenge þer-þurȝe watz þre dayes dede.
- c1400(?a1387) PPl.C (Hnt HM 137)4.305 : Thei asken hure huyre er þey hit haue deserued; And gylours gyuen byfore, and goode men at þe ende, When þe dede ys ydo and þe day y-endyd.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)361 : Occupacyone, or dede: Occupacio.
- (?1440) Palladius (DukeH d.2)1.138 : And do thy dede er flour or gemme enlarge.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)274 : Sone he dressit to his dede..And made vp a mekyll ship.
- (1451) Lin.DDoc.56/9 : My executurs of my last will make I Robert Gyrdyk..& Roberd Schefeld, prayng yam all..to tak yis deid opon yam.
- a1475 Siege Troy(1) (Hrl 525)199/1507 : Treuws þey toke for that dede Twelmonth.
- ?c1475 *Cath.Angl.(Add 15562)34a : A Dede:..opus.
- a1500(c1386) St.Erk.(Hrl 2250)169 : So do we now oure dede.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)2/19 : At the begynnyng of oure dede, make we heuen & erth, on brede.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)66/80 : Sych bondage shall I to thaym beyde, To dyke and delf, bere and draw, and to do all vnhonest deyde.
b
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Rom.12.4 : As in oo body we han many membris, sothli alle the membris han not the same acte, or dede [L actum].
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)39b/b : Þe brayne..whanne he is to dryue oþir to moist doþ noȝt his work and dede [L opus].
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)99b/a : In 3a þat, in conseruyng, þe membre be conforted and reduced to his actez or dedez [L actus].
- ?c1425 *Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)54b/a : It byhoueþ to knowe..þe substaunce of euery membre, þe dede [L actum] and þe profit.
- ?c1425 *Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)155b/a : Þe dede [L opus] of sotilyng medecynes [is] to vnstoppe streite weyes, and to kytte, and to sotille.
- a1500(?c1440) Lydg.HGS (Lnsd 699)190 : Off gees also the deede is previd oft In many a contre..To make pilwes & fether-beddis soft.
c
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)218b/a : Cassia..is liche to canel in vertue but nouȝt so mighty in effecte and dede [L potentia].
- a1500(?a1400) Morte Arth.(2) (Hrl 2252)493 : Now knowes either others dede.
d
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)126a/a : Sikenez of þe eien..noyeþ to þe accioun visiue i. dede of siȝt.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)136a/b : Many sikenez falleþ in þe noseþrillez which destroyeþ, febleþ, or chaungeþ þe accioun i. dede of odoracioun & breþing.
4.
(a) Effect, result, outcome; (b) that which is made, product; ale brewed; mannes ~, something made from man; (c) an event, a happening; (d) a fact, reality; bi ~, from actual cases; bringen into ~, to bring (sth.) to reality, actualize; comen to ~, come true; ~ of being (sight), the fact of existing (seeing); evidence of ~, factual evidence.
Associated quotations
a
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mel.(Manly-Rickert)B.2858 : The dedes of batailles been auenturouse and no thyng certeyne.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)1.1851 : The dede proeveth it is so.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)306b/b : Þe dede of colour [L effectus coloris] is to prente liknesse in þe sight.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)110a/b : [Lepre]..is accident for it is dede or doyng of trespas [*Ch.(2): for þe trespaces was þe occacioun].
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)577 : Wirkes as a wise man, & your wille chaunge, For þere is doutles no dede but þe dethe thole.
- ?c1475 *Cath.Angl.(Add 15562)34a : A Dede:..patracio.
b
- a1400 Usages Win.(Win-HRO W/A3/1)p.66 : Also no brewestere..may brewe..to sale, but ȝif hij do warfore to þe baylyues vp-on þe quantite of here dedes [F de son fet].
- a1425 Adam & E.(3) (Wht)78/32 : Adam seyde, 'þis is..flesch of my flesch; þis schal be clepid mannys deede [L Virago; cp. Gen. 3.23] for sche is taken of man.'
c
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)10440 : Al weoren þa dæden al se heo idemden.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)2983 : Quane ðe king wurð war ðis dead, Anon ðis folc fore he for-bead.
- c1330(?a1300) Tristrem (Auch)2893 : Y louȝ for þat dede.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)591 : He is þe gropande God, þe grounde of alle dedez.
- c1430(c1386) Chaucer LGW (Benson-Robinson)1152 : And of the dedes hath she more enquered Of Eneas, and al the story lered Of Troye.
d
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mel.(Manly-Rickert)B.2735 : This dede, that is to seyn, my grief and my disese, toucheth me right ny.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)29b/a : Hete bringiþ forþ in to acte and dede [L ad actum] schappis & liknesses þat beþ j-hid in materes.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)304a/b : If auctours telleþ in eny place þat colour is nouȝt..wiþoute light, it is to vnderstondynge of dede of sight and nouȝt of þe dede of beynge [L de actu manifestandi quo ad visum, non de actu existendi].
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)11616 : Þan com þe propheci al cler To dede, þat said es in sauter.
- a1425 Wycl.VOct.(Bod 788)385 : We witen wele bi dede þat a man loveþ more a man of his ordre þan he doiþ anoþer man þat is of straunge ordre.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)145a/b : And in stede of it is made a mene of anoþer kynde, in which is no hole, as sheweþ by worching & euidence of dede [L ex facti euidentia].
5.
(a) An account of deeds, a story; (b) the Biblical book of Acts; apostles dedes, dedes of apostles, dedes of the apostel; (c) written evidence of a transaction, a document, charter, deed; also, a letter in which promises are made, a contract, a promissory note.
Associated quotations
a
- c1330(?a1300) Arth.& M.(Auch)1182 : To kinges foure y worþ maister; Hem y mot ȝete alle rade, & þou schalt write her dade.
- a1450-a1475 Lydg.TB (Bergen)prol.150 : I gan the prolog to beholde..Wher was remembrid, of auctours vs be-forn, Of the dede the verreie trewe corn.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)38,50 : Homer was holden haithill of dedes..Thes dampnet his dedys & for dull holdyn.
b
- (c1384) WBible(1) Prol.Deeds (Dc 369(2))p.507 : To whom..power of wrytinge the dedis [WB(2): doyngis] of the apostlis was ȝyue in mynistre.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Deeds p.508 head. : Heere bigynnen the Apostles Dedes.
- a1425(c1395) WBible(2) Prol.Deeds(1) (Roy 1.C.8)p.507 : Here bigynneth prolog on the Dedis [WB(1): Actus] of Apostlis.
- a1425 WBible(2) Gloss.Ps.(Bod 554)3 (Ps.2.head) : Þe postlis in þe fourþe chapitre of Dedis witnessen.
- a1425 Ben.Rule(1) (Lnsd 378)36/33 : Þabbes sal ta yeme of þis sentence of þe dedis of þe apostils.
- ?c1430(c1400) Wycl.FCLife (Corp-C 296)195 : Peter saiþ in dedis of apostlis to a pore man þat to him neiþer was gold ne siluer.
- a1450 Ben.Rule(2) (Vsp A.25)2042 : Scho sal be-hald To þis þat holi writ hase tald..In þe dedes of þe appostil.
- c1425(?c1400) Wycl.Apol.(Dub 245)31 : Steuyn..is redd of in apostlis dedis.
- a1500(?a1390) Mirk Fest.(GoughETop 4)27/1 : As þe boke of þe dedys of þe apostoles tellyth.
c
- (1387) Will in Bk.Lond.E.209/11 : Y be-quethe watkyn my sone the hous atte Caleys, and the dedys ther-with.
- c1390 PPl.A(1) (Vrn)2.81 : In þe date of þe deuel þe Deede was a-selet.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)71a/b : He..spousiþ hire wiþ a ring..and makeþ to hire chartres and dedes of graunt & of ȝiftis [L sub carte vel chyrographi testimonio].
- a1400 Cursor (Trin-C R.3.8)17635 : Soone whenne he had rad þat dede [Vsp: letter], Towarde heuen his heed he bede.
- ?a1400(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.2 (Petyt 511)p.69 : Þan suore he to me..his heyre suld I be; þerof he mad me skrite..& for to sikere his dede, set þer to his seale.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)5.245 : Suche dedes I did wryte, ȝif he his day breke; I haue mo maneres þorw rerages þan þorw miseretur & comodat.
- (1404) Will York in Sur.Soc.4527 : Y pray and charge unto my forsaid executors that thei delyvere up all the dedis and evidencez that y have of the Says [read: Sayd] londes unto my ryghtful heire.
- (1411) Will in Bk.Lond.E.217/27 : I-wreten at london þe ferst day of may, in þe ȝer of our kyng xij. In wytnesse of þis dede, I haue set þerto me sel.
- (1423-4) Let.Bk.in Bk.Lond.E.(Gldh LetBk I & K)106/5 : Richard Pavy, esquier..shuld a yofe by a dede of feffement alle rentes and tenementes þat he had in þe paresshe.
- a1425 *Medulla (Stnh A.1.10)60b/b : Singraphus: wryter of dedys.
- (1429) RParl.4.344a : And that neyther be colour or occasion of feffement, or of yeft of gode moeble passed be Dede, nor other wyse, any of the seide Lordes shal take any other monnys cause.
- c1432 Bishop Notes in PMLA 49 (Cmb Dd.14.2)453 : Oon dede is of a reles I wryte.
- (1435) Doc.in Rec.B.Nottingham 2358 : The Lord of Gamston for ye exchaunge of Heyberd Stener be a ded undder ye seel of his armes, be ȝere, vj d.
- (1439) EEWills126/5 : He will that Robert Cailflet..haue..the place in Eston..in such manere and fourme as the dede of grawnt..makith mencion.
- a1450 Yk.Pl.(Add 35290)318/356 : Shewe vs thi dedis, and haue here þi mony.
- (1457) Lease Ebrington in Campbell Chancellors 1373 : By reason of which sale I have, by my dede, enrolled and subscribed with myne owne hande, graunted the same reuersion to the said Sir John.
- (1463) Paston (Gairdner)4.79 : My master mad a dede of gift of all his goods and catels to Master Prewet.
- (1466) Paston (Gairdner)4.248 : They shewed divers old deeds, some without date, insealed under autenticke seales, of divers particular purchases in the town of Paston.
- (1475) Deed Yks.in YASRS 76142 : I wyll that the said Thommas Middilton have the revercion..accordinge as by a deed by me to hym made more planely apperez.
- a1500(1396) Indent.Francisc.in RS 4.1 (Vit F.12)523 : To these dedyd [read: dedys] indentynd..the sayd Maire and Aldermen..haue put ther sealles.
6.
Gram. The action indicated by a verb.
Associated quotations
- c1450 Battlefield Gram.(Trin-C O.5.4)105 : A word that comyth by-fore the verbe and the dede of the verbe passyth oute of hym, that schall be nominatyf case.
- c1450 Battlefield Gram.(Trin-C O.5.4)110 : Other whyle quid asketh of dede of the verbe, as quid agit mater?
- a1500 Donatus (1) (StJ-C F.26)1020 : Qwerby knowyst accusatyf case? For he comth aftyr þe verbe, gerundyf, participyl, or suppyn þat betokenyth to do, & sufferyth þe dede of þe verbe.
7.
Proverbs and proverbial expressions; cosin to the ~, in accordance with the action.
Associated quotations
- (c1300) Havelok (LdMisc 108)180 : Wis man of red, wis man of dede.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)10310 : Ower dede ne may be no wors þan ower word is.
- c1350 How GWife(1) (Em 106)166/118 : Redi is ate nede Bifor don dede, Mi leue child.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)2.169 : Þe men beeþ able to al manere sleiþe and witte, but to fore þe dede blondrynge and hasty, and more wys after þe dede [L post factum sagacior].
- (c1387-95) Chaucer CT.Prol.(Manly-Rickert)A.742 : Eek Plato seith, who so kan hym rede, 'The wordes mote be cosyn to the dede.'
- c1390 PPl.A(1) (Vrn)1.161 : Treuþe withouten Fey Is..ded as a dore-nayl but þe deede folewe.
- c1390 Treat.Mass (Vrn)458 : Þouȝ þou neuere so trewely trowe, Wiþ-oute dede ful luytel hit douwe.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mcp.(Manly-Rickert)H.208 : The wise Plato seith, as ye may rede, 'The word moot nede acorde with the dede.'
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.WB.(Manly-Rickert)D.1158 : For vileyns synful dedes make a cherl.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.WB.(Manly-Rickert)D.1170 : He is gentil that dooth gentil dedis.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)1.185 : Faith with-oute þe faite is..as ded as a dore-tre but ȝif þe dedes folwe.
- a1425(a1400) Titus & V.(Pep 2014)2250 : Moche is bytwene worde and dede..Thouȝ he do þrete, he is þerout.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)2182 : For vilanye makith vilayn, And by his dedis a cherl is seyn.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)2200 : A cherl is demed by his dede.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)4477 : Whanne heest and deede asunder varie, They doon a gret contrarie.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)6360 : Wel can I wre me undir wede; Unlyk is my word to my dede.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)7249 : And that her wordis folowe her dede.
- c1432-a1500(c1390) Chaucer L.St.(Robinson)4 : And now it is so fals and deceivable That word and deed, as in conclusioun, Ben nothing lyk.
- c1450 Whos conscians (SeldSup 52)41 : Whos conscians be comeryde and be not clene, of oþer men dedis the wars thay wyll deme. Deme note my dedys yf yours be noght, for deme what þu deme, wyll þu knawe note my tought.
- a1500(c1435) ?Lydg.DM(2) (Lnsd 699)61/440 : Bettir late than neuyr to do good deede.
8a.
In phrases: (a) action, conduct, deeds (as opposed to speech, words, thought, body, mind, heart, soul, etc.); a ~, bi ~, i ~, in ~, mid ~, of ~, on ~, with ~; after wit or dedes, in mind or actions; for word ne ~, for word nor deed, in any way at all; (b) ido ~, in fact, actually; ?therefore; (c) with the ~, in the act, red-handed; also, immediately; at ~, in ~, in the act.
Associated quotations
a
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)50/21 : Ðeo andetnes is to donne be allum þam synnum þe ðurhtoȝene beoð, oððe on þance oððe on spæce oððe on dæde.
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)118/6 : We sceolen þanken him a mid worde, mid dæda, & mid alle heortæ.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)ded.22 : Ȝiff Ennglissh follc..wollde..follȝhenn itt..Wiþþ þohht, wiþþ word, wiþþ dede.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)123 : All þatt..iss ned Crisstene follc to follȝhenn, & trowwþe, i dede, all tæcheþþ hemm Goddspelless hallȝhe lare.
- a1225(?c1175) PMor.(Lamb 487)3 : Wel longe ich habbe child ibon a worde and a dede [vrr. a dade, on dede, of dede].
- a1225(c1200) Vices & V.(1) (Stw 34)15/21 : Bute he bie..naht twifeald, ne on speches ne on dades.
- a1225 Lamb.Hom.Pater N.(Lamb 487)57/31 : Luuien god mid ure mihte..mid ure saule, mid ure deden.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)19/19 : Alþaȝ he by be his zigginge cristen, he renayþ be dede [Vices & V.(2): as in his deedes].
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)28/8 : Þe enuious heþ þri maneres of uenim ine dede [Vices & V.(2): in doynge], ase he heþ ine mouþe and ine herte.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)74/8 : Þet uer..al þet hit vint ine þe zaule of gelte of dede, of speche, of þoȝte..uorbernþ.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)137/19 : And alsuo ase þe zoþe milde hereþ þe oþre, and mid herte and mid mouþe and mid dede [Vices & V.(2): in dede].
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)981 : I wraþed him neuer..in word ne in dede.
- (c1375) Chaucer CT.Mk.(Manly-Rickert)B.3696 : He fro vices wolde hym ay chastise Discretly as by word and nat by dede [rime: drede, nede, blede].
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pars.(Manly-Rickert)I.947 : Thise manere wommen..moste be..abstinent in etynge and drynkynge, in spekynge and in dede.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)1061 : Loke to hir sone..And be ryȝt such..of body and of dedes.
- c1400(?a1387) PPl.C (Hnt HM 137)8.151 : Þat euere þei gulte aȝens þe, god, in gost oþer in dede.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)5874 : Withouten hir may no wight spede This werk, neithir for word ne deede.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)6588 : Noon excusynges A parfit man ne shulde seke, Bi wordis ne bi dedis eke.
- a1450(?c1430) Lydg.DM(1) (Hnt EL 26.A.13)382 : Ȝe mote accounte towchyng ȝowre laboure How ȝe haue spente hit in dede, worde, & thowght.
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Grail (Corp-C 80)13.170 : I preie ȝow..Me to helpen with wit & dede.
- c1450(c1370) Chaucer ABC (Benson-Robinson)45 : Al have I ben a beste in wil and deede.
- c1450(c1400) Vices & V.(2) (Hnt HM 147)17/9 : Þis synne scheweþ..bi word and bi deede.
- c1425(?c1400) Wycl.Apol.(Dub 245)2 : He þat haþ not þe Spirit aftir witt or dedis, he is not of þe body of Crist.
- a1500(?a1390) Mirk Fest.(GoughETop 4)31/18 : He was clene of part of womonnys body, boþe of þoght and of dede.
- a1500(?a1425) Lambeth SSecr.(Lamb 501)48/2 : No man ne dorste in sawe no yn dede aȝeyn-stond his lordschipe.
b
- c1225(?c1200) St.Kath.(1) (Einenkel)1123 : Þus ido dede [L itaque], deað ne akaste nawt Crist, ah Crist ouercom deð.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Kath.(1) (Einenkel)1914 : Ȝet ne seh Katerine nanes cunnes pine þet ha oht dredde; Do ido dede, nu ha þus þreateð..aȝein þe.
c
- c1330(?a1300) Tristrem (Auch)2053 : And riȝt at her dede [rime: rede, nede, bede], þou schalt hem take þat tide.
- c1330(?a1300) Tristrem (Auch)3183 : And brengwain þretned ay To take hem in her dede.
- (c1380) Chaucer CT.SN.(Manly-Rickert)G.157 : And if that he may feelen..That ye me touche or loue in vileynye, He right anon wol sleen yow with the dede.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pars.(Manly-Rickert)I.356 : 'And thanne wol I sleen hym with myn hand in dede of synne,' thus seith the feend.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)3.1301 : And if I do..lat sle me with the dede, If that it like unto your wommanhede.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)7632 : Ye shulde take hym with the dede.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)1163/16 : Sir Launcelot ys an hardy knyght..and but if he be takyn with the dede he woll fyght with hym that bryngith up the noyse.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)177/271 : When men make most mery fare, þan sodeynly I [Mors]..sle þem evyn in dede [rime: spede].
- a1500(?c1400) EToulouse (Cmb Ff.2.38)526 : Thou schalt take us wyth the ded.
- a1500(?c1400) Triam.(Cmb Ff.2.38)185 : Y fonde them wyth the dede [rime: falsehedd].
8b.
In phrases: in ~: (a) in fact, in reality, really; seien (techen) in ~, to say (teach) in effect; (b) assuredly, truly, indeed; (c) law in ~ and not of right, de facto non de jure.
Associated quotations
a
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)1568 : I wil fulfille alle forwardes feiþli in dede.
- (c1375) Chaucer CT.Mk.(Manly-Rickert)B.3511 : Hir batailles, who so list hem for to rede..And how that al this proces fil in dede..Lat hym vn to my maister Petrak go.
- (c1387-95) Chaucer CT.Prol.(Manly-Rickert)A.659 : But wel I woot he lyed right in dede.
- c1390 PPl.A(1) (Vrn)8.143 : As Daniel diuinede, hit fel in dede after.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.CY.(Manly-Rickert)G.1140 : Al as he bad fulfilled was in dede [rime: yede].
- (1399) RParl.3.424a : Her Commissaries..adjugged ȝowe for to be deposed and pryved, and in dede deposed ȝowe.
- a1400 Lanfranc (Ashm 1396)305/21 : Þer is anoþer maner cauterie: actual, for so miche as it brenneþ in dede.
- a1450(?c1421) Lydg.ST (Arun 119)1060 : In my tale..I gan procede, Rehercyng forth as it was in dede.
- (1423) Pet.Sutton in Fenland NQ 7308 : John ffordham..arrayned an assise of novel disseisin ayenst..clx persons of divers tenements within Wysbeche in the Counte of Cambridge, which tenements in dede bene in the Counte of Lincoln.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)84b/b : And in þis þai [vlcerez] ar different in dede or realy [L realiter] fro fistulez.
- ?c1430(c1400) Wycl.FCLife (Corp-C 296)190 : Þei seyn in dede þat þei moten neuere preie to preisynge of god, siþ þei vnable hem self to þe office of prestis.
- ?c1430(c1400) Wycl.Prelates (Corp-C 296)60 : Þei techen in dede pompe & pride.
- (1435) Misyn FL (Corp-O 236)83/15 : Not onely in clethynge bot als in deyd [L in actu] to hawe he þinkis.
- c1440 HBk.GDei (Thrn:Horstmann)314 : He prikkes hym to do thiese ȝernynges in dede.
- (1442) Let.Bekynton in RS 56.2192 : That a commission be had..yeveng theym pouair to examine..ayeinst oon which callethe hym selve Fraunceys, whoos name in deed is Juon Gore.
- c1450(1369) Chaucer BD (Benson-Robinson)132 : For as she prayede, ryght so was don In dede.
- c1475(?a1430) Lydg.Pilgr.(Tbr A.7)21980 : Thow art no thyng but wynde and boste, Byhotynge myche..And in deede doste ryght nought.
- a1500(?c1400) Triam.(Cmb Ff.2.38)215 : Bettyr hyt ys..Owt of yowre londe sche be flemyd in dede.
b
- a1400 Cursor (Trin-C R.3.8)10160 : Of him we wol oure story rede [Vsp: drau], For worþiest hit is in dede [Vsp: for to scau].
- a1400 Cursor (Trin-C R.3.8)13830 : Þe lif þat he ledeþ, in dede, Hit is aȝeyn oure lede.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)1.12 : Þis peple sothfastly in dede..Were brouȝt echon to destructioun.
- a1450(?c1421) Lydg.ST (Arun 119)2059 : And verrely in dede, as thow shalt lere, kyng Adrastus wil medle of this matere.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)4329 : Certayn, I am ful lik in deed To hym that cast in erthe his seed.
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)9.165 : In al his book he had afforn nat seen A mor woful creature in deede.
- c1450 Scrope Othea (Lngl 253)71 : She was too presumtuos of hir connyng, and indede she vaunted hire ayens Pallas.
- c1450(c1400) Sultan Bab.(Gar 140)2754 : Of your play we wole not fele, For than were we cursed in dede.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)82/100 : To breke our lawe and custom, it wore hard in dede.
- c1475 Guy(1) (Cai 107/176)1722 : He sawe a man..In a pouere pilgrymes wede, And that was heraude veraily in-dede [Auch: Herhaud so god me spede].
- a1500 Eglam.(Cmb Ff.2.38)966 : Grete yoye they made in dede [rime: Crystyabelle ys dedd; whyte and rede].
c
- (1464) Lin.DDoc.129/7 : Henry the vj, late kyng of this Royaume (in dede and not of right)..graunted..the Advouson.
9.
(a) ~ doer, one who performs an act; ~ doing, action, performance, execution of an act; (b) dern ~, a dark deed, secret act; esp., a secret sin; ivel ~, a kind of impotence.
Associated quotations
a
- c1390 Form Conf.(1) (Vrn)340 : Alle þe sunnes þat ich haue greuousliche sunged Inne..in þouȝt, in speche, in delytyng, in concentyng, and in dede-doing.
- a1400 Ancr.Recl.(Pep 2498)61/6 : Conscientes et agentes pari pena punientur, þe consentande & þe dede-doer schullen haue o peyne.
- ?c1430(c1400) Wycl.Prelates (Corp-C 296)70 : Þe dede doynge is proff of loue.
- (c1443) Pecock Rule (Mrg M 519)348 : If þe persoon in matrimonye aske of þe oþere party fleischly deede..þilk persoon..dooþ þe deede wiþoute synne as for þe deede doing in it silf.
- c1475(c1399) Mum & S.(1) (Cmb Ll.4.14)4.31 : It drowe to þe day of þe dede-doynge.
- a1500(1422) Yonge SSecr.(Rwl B.490)165/31 : Why confermyst thou not thy feyth in ded doynge?
b
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)396 : Teȝȝ..sinndenn þohh swa þehh i þohht & ec i dærne dedess.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Kath.(1) (Einenkel)576 : Ȝe schulen beon mine readesmen in alle..mine dearne deded [Tit: dedes].
- a1350 Ichot a burde in a (Hrl 2253)36 : When derne dede is in dayne derne are done [?read: when derne dedis in day derne are done].
- c1330(?a1300) Tristrem (Auch)2698 : Þe dern dede, Do it y no dare.
- c1390 PPl.A(1) (Vrn)10.199 : Þat deede derne [B, C: derne dede] do no mon scholde.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)588 : Þer is no dede so derne þat dittez his yȝen.
- a1425(c1333-52) Minot Poems (Glb E.9)1/10 : I droupe and dare For dern dedes.
- ?c1425 *Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)158a/a : Coldenesse forsothe dyuerseth from euel dede [L malefactione], for..euel dede byholdeþ the soule.
10.
In fact, actually; -- rendering the L abl. actu.
Associated quotations
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)130b/a : Matere is neuer I-seye withoute fourme, noþir fourme may nat be seye but dede and joyned to matiere [L cum materie actu sit coniuncta].
Supplemental Materials (draft)
- a1475 *Sidrak & B.(Lnsd 793)6908 : But in alle oo delite men fynde, Whan it comeþ to dede of kynde.
Note: New phrase: belongs to sense 1c. Add the bold-faced phrase ~ of kinde after the glosses for this sense.--per MLL
Supplemental Materials (draft)
Note: Med., etc. (sense 9.(b)), see further J.Norri, Dictionary of Medical Vocabulary, s.v. evil deed.