Middle English Dictionary Entry
dēclīnen v.
Entry Info
Forms | dēclīnen v. Ppl. declined, (?) decline. |
Etymology | OF decliner |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) Of motion in space: to turn, turn away, go away; ~ aside, turn aside, go out of the direct path; ~ dounward, of the sun: begin to set; ~ fro, turn or go away from (sb.); ~ to, ~ unto, turn or go to or toward (sth.); (b) astron. of a planet: to move away (from the ecliptic), turn or go (out of the belt of the zodiac); ?decrease in influence [1st quot.]; of a star: move from its position; of the zodiac: diverge (from the equinoctial).
Associated quotations
a
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)1.3433 : Appollo of his daies arke Had in the west almost ronne his marke, And fast gan downward to declyne.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.6740 : Þe wey hem ladde..streiȝt as any lyne -- Hem nedeth nat a-side to decline.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.7372 : Þe hour whan Phebus westward gan declyne, And þe bataile brouȝt was to an ende.
- a1475(?a1430) Lydg.Pilgr.(Vit C.13)8347 : Fro me she gan declyne, And entrede in, in hyr courtyne.
- a1475(?a1430) Lydg.Pilgr.(Vit C.13)11749 : I sholde on the tother syde Declyne nouther to nor ffro, But by the same gate go.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)229/12 : And make his pathys as ryth as ȝe may, Kepyng ryth forth and be not declinande Neither to fele on ryth nor on lefte hande.
- a1500(?a1430) Lydg.Pilgr.(Stw 952(1))16352 : He ffleth..and hath noon other socour nor Dyuertycle to Declyne vnto.
b
- (c1386) Almanac 1386 [OD col.]2 : In þe 7 syne fro þe exaltacion of euerilk a planyte, in like degre es made his descensyon, & þan bygynnes þe planet tyl declyne & bow down.
- c1400 *Chaucer Astr.(Brussels 4869)[1.21] 83b : This zodiac..ouercometh the equinoccial & he ouerkerueth hym agayn in euen parties & that o partie declyneth southward & that other northward.
- c1400 *Chaucer Astr.(Brussels 4869)[2.17] 88b : The ecliptik lyne, ffro whiche lyne alle planetes sumtyme declineth north or south saue oonly the forseid sunne.
- c1400 *Chaucer Astr.(Brussels 4869)[2.19] 89a : The latitudes of planetis ben commonly rekened fro the ecliptik bicause that noon of hem declyneth but fewe degrees out of the breede of the zodiac.
- a1500(?a1430) Lydg.Pilgr.(Stw 952(1))16668 : The loode sterre..abydeth ffyx in hys spere and neuere draweth ffor to declyn by medyacion.
2.
(a) Of position or direction: to bend, turn, twist, bow; ~ from, of a field: slope away from (the north); ~ on (to) side, turn to the side; ~ to the nether side, bend down, hang down; declining, ppl., hanging, low; declined, p.ppl., bent, bowed; (b) to bend or turn (sth.); refl. bow; ~ doun, of the sun: direct (its rays) downward; ~ from, turn (sth.) away from (sth.); decline to the centre, ?turn toward the center, ?turned toward the center [quot.: Metham].
Associated quotations
a
- a1400 Lanfranc (Ashm 1396)143/12 : He mowe holde þe boond, þat þe nose [ne] decline to þe neþir side [L ne nasus possit declinare inferius].
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.2492 : His longe ȝerde..Whiche on no syde wrongly may decline, Signefieth..prudent gouernaunce.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)72a/a : Þat þe dilatacion be made in þe more declinyng place [*Ch.(2): þe loweste place; L loco decliuiori], for sich is more apte to purge.
- (?1440) Palladius (DukeH d.2)1.298 : The lond is thus to chese: in costis colde, On south & est, so [read: se] that hit feire encline..But from the cold Septemtrion decline, And from northwest.
- ?a1450 Lanfranc (Add 12056)46/32 : Put a lytel, smal tent in þe one ende of þe wounde þat is most declynynge [L pendente].
- ?a1450 Lanfranc (Add 12056)143/32 : Þat he mowe holde þe bande, & þe nose declyne to neiþere syde.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)5322 : As any terand for tene he with his tethe gnaistes, And hitterly on ilk side his heued he declines.
- a1500 Wars Alex.(Dub 213)2289 : 'My louely Lord,' quod þe lede, & law he declynes.
- a1500 Lydg.LOL in Halliwell D.(Antq 134)295 : Quod Josephe thanne, with heed declined lowe.
b
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.2016 : For þouȝ Phebus þis day merie schyne, To-morwe he may his bemys doun decline Þoruȝ þe þiknes of þe mystis trouble.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.7604 : Guydo declineþ here his stile From þe Grekis to hem of Troye toun.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)4.627 : Til Phebus char lowe gan declyne His golden axtre.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)150a/a : Afterward be þe ȝerde declyned [*Ch.(2): bowed downe; L declinetur] with al þe instrument toward byneþe.
- (1449) Metham AC (Gar 141)541 : Artophylax stondyng..clad in a palle smaragdyne, Adornyd with sterrys off gold; to the centyr hys face declyne.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)2289 : 'Mi louely lorde,' quod þe lede, & law him declines.
3.
(a) To turn aside morally or spiritually; ~ awei fro (from), desert (sb.), be false to; ~ fro, degenerate from (one's nature by birth); ~ fro (from), forsake (vices, worldly thoughts, etc.), shun: ~ fro (from), depart from (sb.), avoid (company, temptation, the eye of sb.); ~ from, be disobedient to (a commandment, someone's will); ~ to, turn to (sth.), resort to; (b) ~ into accord, to come to an agreement; (c) to turn (sb. from the Christian faith), alienate; (d) to avoid (sth.), refuse, shun; stay away from (a place), ward off (malice), escape; ~ of, ward off (heat).
Associated quotations
a
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.4791 : He dide pleinly equite and riȝt; For no mede hym list nat to decline.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)3.230 : I fully schal obeie..And nat declyne..In any point from ȝoure commaundement.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)4.4826 : And now, allas! ȝe cast to declyne Away fro me..For who shal more trusten any man, Whan ȝe be founde double of entent?
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)4.pr.7.48 : This is the fortune..of hem that eschuen and declynen fro vices and taken the weye of vertu.
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)4.2389 : And to mor hyndryng of Olympiades, Phelipp awey dede from hir declyne.
- c1450(1410) Walton Boeth.(Lin-C 103)p.155 : If he norische vices wickedlye, And fro his kyndly birthe þat he declyne.
- c1475 MEccles.(Trin-C R.3.21)690 : From worldly þoughtes in þat place men shuld declyne.
- a1500 Lydg.LOL (Adv 19.3.1)p.122 : No thyng may be hyd from thy presence, Ne from thyne eye declyne ne astart.
- a1500 Imit.Chr.(Dub 678)14/21 : He þat onely outwarde declineþ fro temptacion..shal litel profite.
- a1500 Imit.Chr.(Dub 678)24/9 : It bihoueþ him to decline fro þe cumpany of peple.
- a1500 Imit.Chr.(Dub 678)24/28 : Lete hem not liȝtly decline to outwarde consolacions.
- a1500 Who-so list know (Voss Germ.Gall.Q.9)p.40 : Grace & reson shall from folke declyne.
- 1532-1897(c1385) Usk TL (Thynne:Skeat)42/126 : Let thy faders maners so entre thy wittes..that in nothinge thy kynde from his wil declyne, ne from his nobley perverte.
b
- c1400(?c1380) Pearl (Nero A.10)509 : Into acorde þay con declyne For a pene on a day, and forth þay gotz.
c
- c1435 Lydg.St.George (Bod 686)168 : Fro cristes law no þyng shal him declyne [vr. enclyne].
d
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)1.1904 : And þing þei hadde leuest for to sewe..Þei can decline with feynyng and with fraude.
- a1450(?c1421) Lydg.ST (Arun 119)3690 : Thow mayst nat moo delayes make..this quarel forto fyne; By non engyn thow canst it not declyne.
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)6.1392 : He..Was prouided ther malis to declyne, Be many notable preeued medecyne.
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)6.3062 : He myht nat declyne, For he abood whan the feeld gan faille.
- (?1440) Palladius (DukeH d.2)12.124 : But yf this tree to sore in sonne drie, Hepe erthe aboute and homour vespertyne, Ek thing abiect [vr. obiect] the feruour of declyne.
- (a1460) Bokenham Sts. (Adv Abbotsford B3)98.97 (v.2:p.123) : Thurch mekenesse of hert, declynyng the vice of veyn arrogaunce vndir the face of an vntaught ydiot, he longe hyd the light of grete grace.
- (a1460) Vegetius(2) (Pmb-C 243)1087 : In place þer hath be The pestilence, his place anoon resigne; To weet marice and feeld to hard declyne.
- a1475(?a1430) Lydg.Pilgr.(Vit C.13)4980 : Ye bothen in O lyne Stonde, & may yt not declyne.
4.
(a) To decline in well-being, decrease in power or prosperity; of day: give way (to night); of a disease: reach the final stage; of greenness: fade; (b) to reduce (sth.), bring down, destroy, weaken; (c) to ameliorate (pain, disease).
Associated quotations
a
- c1400(?c1380) Pearl (Nero A.10)333 : Now rech I neuer for to declyne, Ne how fer of folde þat man me fleme.
- ?c1425 *Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)33a/a : Vdymya..haþ foure tymes: þe bygynnynge, encresyng, standyng, & declinacioun. Vdymya is termynede i. ended & declineþ i. boweþ ofte tymes by resolucioun.
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)5.542 : For the noblesse of this tre dyuyne Sheweth his odour in wisdam excellence; Bi the grennesse, which neuer doth declyne, Long abidyng of vertuous prudence.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)2714 : For vertu ne no victori ne vant noght þi-selfe; He þat enhansis him to heȝe, þe heldire he declynes.
- a1500 Discip.Cler.(Wor F.172)48 : Whan the day declyned to the nyght..the wulf cam vnto hym.
b
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)6.1316 : Ther dide his herte myne A werm of auarice his worshep to declyne.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)2334 : I þar ponpe & þaire pride to poudire declined.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)4263 : All þat ouire mesure is to mekill, emell we declyne.
c
- (?1440) Palladius (DukeH d.2)3.1168 : This wyne al medicine is take vnto; Ther stip[t]ik stont, eiecting blood, & wo Of wombe, or of stomak, this wol decline.
- a1500(?c1440) Lydg.HGS (Lnsd 699)178 : The grees of gandris is good in medicyne..Divers achis taswage & to declyne.
5.
(a) To incline, tend; ~ fro, differ from (sth.), deviate from; ~ to, resemble (sth.), incline toward (hotness, moistness), tend to (be hot, moist); ~ to, of a color: contain an admixture of (another color), be tinged with (a color); (b) to make (sth.) incline (to certain qualities); make (sth.) similar (to sth. else); (c) to be inclined (to do sth.), have an inclination (toward sin, etc.); -- with in, to, unto; (d) ~ in, ?to intend (evil) to (sb.), have wicked intentions toward.
Associated quotations
a
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.4963 : To Eccuba þe quene..my style y mote encline -- Whose lymys alle dide more decline To schap of man þan to womanhede.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)8b/a : Philosofrez..seiþ it [the heart] to be temperate, perauenture, or for to be declynyng to hotenez and moystenes.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)28b/b : Noȝt naturale [Colre] is þat þat declineþ [L declinat] fro þis within þe termez of his latitude, which if he passeþ he is no colre bot anoþer humour.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)29a/a : Þe first signe of verray herisiple is rede colour declinand to citrinite.
- ?c1425 *Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)42b/b : Vaporaciouns ben graunted..as is þe decoccioun of roses..wiþ sprenkelynge of oyles declynynge to a manere hete.
- a1500(1422) Yonge SSecr.(Rwl B.490)230/1 : And tho that haue eyen not wel blake, but declynynge to yelow, bene of good corage.
b
- ?c1425 *Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)33a/b : The firste is fulfilled with dewe admynistracioun..of þe þre þinges..þe whiche it byhoueþ to declyne to hete and to dryenesse wiþ a manere of subtiliacioun.
- ?c1425 *Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)115b/b : All here [lepers'] rewle..schal be declynede [L declinetur] to þe gouernaunce of men þat han þe etyk.
c
- c1450 Alph.Tales (Add 25719)145/15 : I sall fall vnto syn agayn; ffor my harte more declynyd vnto þat þan not for to syn.
- a1500(c1386) St.Erk.(Hrl 2250)237 : Declynet never my consciens, for covetise on erthe, In no gynful jugement no japes to make.
- a1500 GRom.(Add 9066)279 : But that in no wise from hens forward he declyn to synne agayn.
d
- a1400 MPPsalter (Dub 69)20.11 : Euyl þingis [they] declined in þe [L declinaverunt in te mala].
6.
Gram. To give the inflectional forms of (a word), decline; construe (Latin).
Associated quotations
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)1.327 : Þe ilond of ocean hatte Tyle in þe nominatyf case..ȝif þou canst declyne þilke tweye names, and speke Latyn.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)286b/b : Burþe of þe wombe..hatte fetus and declined fetus, fetus, fetui.
- c1400(a1376) *PPl.A(1) (Trin-C R.3.14)[4.133] f.11a : Clerkis þat wern confessours couplide hem to-giders, ffor to construe þis clause declynede faste [vr. declyned it faste].
- c1450 Battlefield Gram.(Trin-C O.5.4)102 : Foure be declined, viz. noun, pronoun, verbe, & participle, and foure be vndeclined, viz. aduerbe, coniunccion, preposicion, interieccion.
- c1450 Battlefield Gram.(Trin-C O.5.4)110 : How knowest a verbe? A party of reson that by-tokenyth doyng or suffryng, and is declined wyth moode and tyme wyth oute case.
- a1500 Donatus (1) (StJ-C F.26)1019 : Qweche thre be declyned wit case? Nown, pronown, & participyl.
- a1500 Wast bryngyth (Cmb Ff.2.38)p.185 : Why wole a man of lewde fame Pursew to haue prestys astate, Vnneþe can declyne hys owne name?
Supplemental Materials (draft)
- ?c1400(1379) Daniel *Treat.Uroscopy (Roy 17.D.1)f.71vb (2.10) : Þe pacient feleþ grete colde in his extremites, and þis colde comuly bigynneþ ageyn euen, or elles þe sone declynond.
Note: Antedates sense 1.(a). New spelling (pr. ppl.) declinond.