Middle English Dictionary Entry
crossen v.
Entry Info
Forms | crossen v. P.ppl. i)crossed. |
Etymology | From cros ; cp. OI krossa. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
To make the sign of the cross on or over (sth.); cross (sb., oneself).
Associated quotations
- c1230(?a1200) *Ancr.(Corp-C 402)15b : Hwen ȝe alles moten forð, crossið ful ȝeorne muð, ehnen & earen, & te breoste mid al.
- c1425 Siege Jerus.(1) (Hnt HM 128)524 : Crossede [vr. crossyn; Ld: Knyȝtes croysen hem-self].
- c1450 Capgr.St.Kath.(Arun 396)4.1318 : She crossed hir hed, hir mowth, and hir brest.
- c1450 Pilgr.LM (Cmb Ff.5.30)8 : He crossede [F croisa] me and enoyntede me wel.
- c1475(a1449) Lydg.Kissing (Trin-C R.3.21)29 : All yowre body and knees boweth downe..Your mowthe furst crossyd of hygh deuocion.
2.
(a) To mark a cross upon (a part of the body); (b) to give (sb.) the insignia of the cross; refl. become a crusader or a pilgrim to the Holy Land; crossed, having taken the cross, having become a crusader, pilgrim or knight templar; (c) to cancel (sth.) by marking with crosses; cancel the name of (a person); cros it, delete this; the crossed, those whose names have been canceled.
Associated quotations
a
- a1475(?a1430) Lydg.Pilgr.(Vit C.13)11965-8 : The body ek..hong on a tre, Hys wyttys crossyd, as ye shal here, Mouth, handys, Eye, & Ere; The nase also..Was crossyd ek.
- a1475(?a1430) Lydg.Pilgr.(Vit C.13)12056 : Tel and declare ffeythfully, What nedede yt so many place To crossen hym in hed & fface?
b
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)9.2155 : Whil thei [the Templars] lyuede in wilful pouerte, Thes crossid knihtis in mantlis clad of whiht, Ther name spradde in many ferr contre.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)105 : Crossydde; Crucesignatus.
- 1448(1435) *Mandeville Brut (Arms 58:Kooper)f.309r : His skyle was for he wold go into þe Holy Lond to werry vppon þe enemyes of God, for he was crossyd long tyme byfore.
- a1450-1509 Rich.(Brunner)2143 : He is crossed and pylgrym.
- c1450 Rich.(Add 31042)1701 : Crossed [Hrl: ycrossed; Brunner: Kyng Richard is a pylgryme, Croysyd into þe Holy Lande].
- a1475(?a1430) Lydg.Pilgr.(Vit C.13)12165 : Why naddestow ybe..Crossyd thy-syllf also be-tymes, To ha go fforth wyth pylgrymes On pylgrymage?
c
- (1443) Proc.Privy C.5.410 : A certain nombre both of men armes & of archers vacatz and crossed..a newe commission for þe taking of þe moustres of suche as wer vacatz & crossed and for þe taking inne of suche as sholde comme inne instede of þe said vacatz & crossed.
- (1455) GRed Bk.Bristolpt.2 p.53 : The which acte and Ordinance..Ys writte and Crossed for as muche as hit ys nott goode nor profitable.
- (1472) Paston (Gairdner)5.144 : Ye can be wrothe and ye wyll for lytyll [crosses above and below last two words; above them:] crosse it.
- a1475 Godstow Reg.(Rwl B.408)206/18 : Sche had say..the charters not cancellyd or crossyd, not destroyid ne defoyllyd in no parte.
- ?c1475 *Cath.Angl.(Add 15562)30b : To Crosse: Cancellare.
3.
(a) To crucify (sb.); also fig.; (b) to fasten (sth.) in the shape of a cross; (c) crossed, carrying a cross of affliction or penance.
Associated quotations
a
- ?a1425(?c1350) NHom.(3) Pass.(RwlPoet 175)1700 : Þan said Pilate on his hethyng: 'Will yhe þat I cross [Hrl: cros] yhour kyng?'
- a1400 Cursor (Frf 14)24354 : Wiþ-outen cros, þe cros I bare; þat crossed was, was al mi care.
- a1425(?a1350) Nicod.(1) (Glb E.9)528 : Þai say: 'cros [vr. cross] him þou sall!'
- a1425(?c1375) NHom.(3) Leg.(Hrl 4196)71/540 : I cum to Rome..Anoþir tym crossed forto be.
- a1450 Yk.Pl.(Add 35290)350/23 : That menes crosse hym we schall.
- a1500(?a1450) GRom.(Hrl 7333)232 : Now Criste is I-bounde, scorgid, and crossid, and not in him selfe, but in his membris.
b
- a1475(?a1430) Lydg.Pilgr.(Vit C.13)11961 : To the body a spyryt spak, The body crossyd lyk a roode.
c
- a1475(?a1430) Lydg.Pilgr.(Vit C.13)12051 : Affter hym we sholde go Crossyd off entencioun, Remembrynge on hys passioun.
4.
(a) To lie across (sth.); intersect (sth.); (b) to place (two things) crosswise of each other; crossed, of muscles: crisscross; of a trestle: ?having crossed legs; (c) to bar (a window) with a lattice; (d) to put a crosspiece on (a staff); (e) to cross (a stream), go across; (f) crossed sineue, optic nerve.
Associated quotations
a
- (c1392) ?Westwyk EPlanets (Peterh 75)32/34 : The verrey motus of the sonne is the ark of the lymbe by-twixe the hed of aries & the blake thred whan it (i. filum) is remewed fro the mene motus & crossith the white thred.
- c1400 *Chaucer Astr.(Brussels 4869)[1.5] 76b : Overthwert this..lyne ther crosseth hym another lyne of the same lengthe from est to west.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)15b/b : And oþer 2 [muscles] at þe lefte costes to þe riȝt partie of þe sidebones crossyng [L intersecantes] by þe myddes of þe wombe to þe fourme of þe lettre x.
b
- (1393) in Rec.B.Nottingham 1254 : Unum krossid trest ad j d.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)61b/a : Þe fleisch in þe buttockes is crossid & knotty [L conglobata].
- a1400 Lanfranc (Ashm 1396)271/23 : Summen ficchiþ ij nedlis in dindimum wiþ double þreed & crossiþ þe nedlis togidere.
c
- a1475(?a1430) Lydg.Pilgr.(Vit C.13)12092 : And ech pylgrym, in thys world here, Hadde nede ffor to lere The fenestrallys off hys body, ffor to crosse hem myghtyly.
d
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)1.3426 : For crossid potentis may nat thanne auaile, Whan lusti age is banshed & shet oute.
e
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)1049 : Þan raȝt he fra þa regions..& crossis [Dub: crosez] ouer þe stremes.
f
- (c1454) Pecock Fol.(Roy 17.D.9)28/36-7 : For þat þo lijknessis and ymagis..ben caried..fro þe ballis of þe yȝen, and fro siȝt þer maad, into þe ynner crossid synow, þo lijknessis and ymagis ben kept and holde in þilk crossid synew, and siȝt is maad vpon hem.
5.
Naut. ~ seil, to place the sail across the mast, set the sails, set (one's) sail(s; ~ mastes, set sails; ben crossed under seil, have one's sails set; with seil crossed, with sails set.
Associated quotations
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)1.1165 : And forth thei wenten into Schipe And crossen seil and made hem yare, Anon as thogh thei wolden fare.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)1.650 : Whan þei wer crossed vnder saille, With-Inne þe schip, whiche þat Argus made..Þei gan to seille.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.5169 : With sail crossyd ageyn þe briȝt heuene, In noumbre cam schipes eke eleuene.
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)8.141 : Haste on thi way, lat Grace crosse þi saille.
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)738 : Coggez and crayers þan crossez þaire mastez.
- c1475(a1449) Lydg.Guy (LdMisc 683)420 : They of Denmark..Han crossed sail and take ther weye right toward ther cuntre.
- c1475(a1449) Lydg.KEng.(1) (Hrl 372)128 : His cosyn Stephan, whan first Herry was ded, Toward Ynglond gan to crosse his sail.
6.
To disqualify (sb.) from consideration, debar, exclude; to be forbidden (an association), excluded from access to or membership in.
Associated quotations
- (1441) Let.Hen.VI in Archaeol.17217 : We wol that they accepte noon..that were unhabled and crossed by..lorde Scrope.
- (1483-84) Let.Cely (PRO S.C.1 53/162)p.198 (208/39) : Ther ys an ordynaunce made here be courtt ffor the alldormen off Calles whyche be ffremen off the Stappell, how tha[t] they schall lewe ther alldermanschypp and all oder jurdyccyons yn Calles be a day exprest, and be only off the Stappull, or ellys to be crossyd the Plase.
- (1483-84) Let.Cely (PRO S.C.1 53/162)p.198 (208/57) : They promysyd all..to dyscharge them off ther towne, and toke hem oonly to the ffredom off the Stappull, sawyng only twayne..whyche beythe crossyd the Plase.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
Note: For sense 6., Hanham suggests comparison with The Ordinance Book of the Merchants of the Staple (1565), ed. E.E. Rich (1937), p. 171: 'For his thirde suche offence, he shalbe crossed this place for ever.'