Middle English Dictionary Entry

crois n.
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Entry Info

Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)

1.
(a) A cross for crucifying, a gibbet; esp., the cross of Christ; holi ~; dai of the ~, the feast of the Exaltation of the Cross, Sept. 14; winnen ~, to recapture Christ's cross from the Saracens; (b) a part of Christ's cross (as a relic); (c) a vision of the cross of Christ; token of the ~; (d) fig. Christianity; (e) fig. crucifixion; (f) fig. the burden of a Christian.
2.
(a) An ornamental likeness of the cross, a drawn or painted cross, a cross of cloth; blak ~, red ~, whit ~; (b) the insignia of a crusader or of a pilgrim to the Holy Land; afongen (nimen, taken) the ~, to go on a crusade; fon (nimen) the ~, go on pilgrimage; (c) ?a crusade.
3.
(a) A cross written on parchment or the like; signe of the ~, a cross made as a signature; (b) two lines intersecting at right angles; (c) the cross stamped or cut on one side of some English coins; ~ side, the side of the coin having the cross on it; (d) a coin.
4.
(a) The mark of a cross on the body; a cross made on the crown of a madman; (b) a cross marked on the head of a deer (?or sprouting from the deer's head).
5.
The sign of the cross made with the right hand or with fingers; signe of the ~; formen ~, maken ~, to make the sign of the cross; marken with the ~, make the sign of the cross over (sb.).
6.
(a) A small cross; esp. a crucifix; (b) a larger crucifix in a church; crepen to ~ [see crepen]; (c) a cross or crucifix borne before an army or a procession; (d) a cross on a grave; (e) an outdoor cross or crucifix; a roadside cross, boundary cross, etc. [see also Smith PNElem. 1.113].
7.
A prelate's crosier; taken the ~, to become a bishop.
8.
?Pl. Prayer(s in honor of the cross.
9.
(a) Crosswort (Galium cruciata); herbe ~; (b) ~ wort (worth), crosswort.
10.
(a) ~ cristal, a crystal reliquary shaped like a cross; (b) in ~, on ~, in the shape of a cross, with hands or arms outspread [see acrois]; on ~ wise, stretched out in the form of a cross [see crosse-wise].

Supplemental Materials (draft)

  • a1250 Ancr.(Nero A.14)22/4 : Pine is oueral þuruh creoiz idon to understonden.
  • Note: Antedates sense 1.(f).--per SMK
  • ?c1350 Swete ihu cryst (BodLtrg 104)2 : Swete ihesu cryst..Þin passion, þin croys, þin ded, þin wondes five Beelde us houre sinful soules in þin iugement.
  • Note: Antedates sense 1.(e).--per SMK