A tutor to astronomie and geographie, or, An easie and speedy way to know the use of both the globes, coelestial and terrestrial in six books : the first teaching the rudiments of astronomy and geography, the 2. shewing by the globes the solution of astronomical & geographical probl., the 3. shewing by the globes the solution of problems in navigation, the 4. shewing by the globes the solution of astrological problemes, the 5. shewing by the globes the solution of gnomonical problemes, the 6. shewing by the globes the solution of of [sic] spherical triangles : more fully and amply then hath ever been set forth either by Gemma Frisius, Metius, Hues, Wright, Blaew, or any others that have taught the use of the globes : and that so plainly and methodically that the meanest capacity may at first reading apprehend it, and with a little practise grow expert in these divine sciences / by Joseph Moxon ; whereunto is added Antient poetical stories of the stars, shewing reasons why the several shapes and forms are pictured on the coelestial globe, collected from Dr. Hood ; as also a Discourse of the antiquity, progress and augmentation of astronomie.

Secondly, Of the Southern Constellations.

1. CETUS, the Wha••••, it is also called the Lion, or Bear of the Sea. This is that monstrous fish that should have devoured Andromeda, but being overcome by Perseus, was afterwards translated into Heaven by Jupiter, as well for a token of Perseus his manhood, as for the hugeness of the fish it self. This constellation consisteth of 22. Stars.

2. ORION, this hath 38. Stars. The Poetical reason of his translation into the Heaven, shall be shewn in the Scorpion, amongst the Zodietical Constellations. The Ancient Romans called this Constellation Jugala; because it is most pestiferous unto Cattel, and as it were the very cut-throat of them. There are bright Stars in his girdle, which we commonly call our La∣dies yard, or wa••d. Novidius, applying this sword of Orion unto Scripture, will have it to be the sword of Saul, afterwards called Paul, wherewith he persecuted the Members of Christ: which after his conversion was placed in Heaven. In his left shoulder there is a very bright Star, which in Latine is called Bel∣latrix, the Warriour, in the foeminine gender. I cannot find the reason except it be this; that Women born under this Constellati∣on

shall have mighty tongues. The reason of the Ox-hide which he hath in his hand, may be gathered out of the next story.

3. FLUVIUS, the River; it comprehendeth 34. Stars. It is called by some Eridanus, or Padus; and they say that it was placed in Heaven in remembrance of Phaeton, who having set the whole World on fire by reason of misguiding of his father Phoebus his charriot, was slain by Jupiter with a thunder-bolt, and tumbling down from Heaven, fell into the River Eridanus, or Padus, which the Italians call Po. Others say that it is Ny∣lus, and that that Figure was placed in the Heaven because of the excellency of that River, which by the Divines is called Gihon; and is one of the Rivers of Paradice. Others call it Flumen Ori∣onis, the flood of Orion; and say, that it was placed there, to be∣token the Off-spring from whence Orion came: for the tale is thus reported of him.

Jupiter, Neptune, and Mercury, travelling upon the earth in the likeness of Men, were requested by Hyreus to take a poor lodging at his House for a Night: they being overtaken with the evening, yeilded unto his request; Hyreus made them good cheer, killing an Ox for their better entertainment: The Gods seeing the good heart of the old man, willed him to demand what he would in recompence of his so friendly cheer. Hyreus and his Wife being old, requested the Gods to gratify them with a Son. They to fulfil his desire, called for the hide of the Ox that was slain, and having received it, they put it into the Earth, and made water into it all three together, and covering it, willed Hyreus within ten moneths after to dig it out of the Earth again; which he did, and found therein a Man-child; whom he called Ouri∣on, ab Urina, of piss; although afterwards by leaving out the se∣cond letter, he was named Orion. At such time therefore as he was placed in Heaven, this flood was joyned hard to his heels, and the Ox hide wherein the Gods did piss, was set in his left hand, in memorial of his Off-spring.

4. LEPUS, the Hare, which consisteth of 12. stars. This Constellation was placed in Heaven between the legs of Orion, to signifie the great delight in hunting which he had in his life time. But others think it was a frivolous thing, to say that so notable a fellow as Orion would trouble himself with so smal and timerous a beast as the Hare: and therefore they tell the tale thus.

In times past there was not a Hare left in the Isle D••r••s: a cer∣tain youth therefore of that Island, being very desirous of that kind of beast, brought with him from another Country therea∣bout, an Hare great with young; which when she had brought forth, they in time became so acceptable unto the other Countri∣men, that every one almost desired to have and keep a Hare. By reason whereof, the number of them grew to be so great, within a short space after, that the whole Island became full of Hares, so that their Masters were not able to find them meat: whereup∣on the Hares breaking forth into the fields, devoured their Corn. Wherefore the inhabitants being bitten with hunger, joyned to∣gether with one consent, and (though with much ado) destroy∣ed the Hares. Jupiter therefore placed this Constellation in the Heavens as well to express the exceeding fearfulness of the beast, as also to teach men this lesson; that there is nothing so much to be desired in this life, but that at one time or an other it bring∣eth with it more grief then pleasure. Some say, that it was placed in Heaven at the request of Ganimedes, who was greatly delight∣ed with hunting the Hare.

5. CANIS MAIOR, the Great Dog, it consisteth of 18. Stars. It is called Sirins Canis, because he causeth a mighty drought by reason of his heat. This is the Constellation that gi∣veth the name unto the Canicular or Dog-days; whose beginning and end is not alike in all places, but hath a difference according to the Country and Time: as in the Time of Hypocrates the Phisitian, who lived before the time of Christ 400, years, the Canicular days began the 13. or 14. of July. In the time of A∣vicenna, the Spaniard, who lived in the year of our Lord 1100. the Canicular days began the 15, 16, or 17. of July. In our Country, they begin about S. James-tide, but we use to account them from the 6. of July, to the 17. of August; which is the time when the Sun beginneth to come near unto, and to depart from this Costellation.

Novidius will have it to be referred to Tobias Dog; which may very well be, because he hath a tail; Tobias Dog had one; as a certain fellow once concluded, because it is written that Tobias his Dog fawned upon his Master, therefore it is to be noted (said he) that he had a tail. The Poets say, that this is the Dog whom Jupiter set to keep Europa, after that he had stolen her away, and conv••ied her into Crete, and for his good service

was placed in Heaven. Others say, that it was one of Orion his Dogs. There belong unto this Constellation 11. Stars unformed.

6. CANIS MINOR; the Lesser Dog; this of the Greeks is called Procyon, of the Latines Ante Canis; it containeth but two Stars. Some say, that this also was one of Orions Dogs, O∣thers rather affirm it to be Mera, the Dog of Origone, or rather of Icarius her father, of whom mention is made in the Constella∣tion of Bootes, and Virgo. This Dog of meer love to his Master, being slain, as is aforesaid, threw him self into the River Anygrus, but was afterward translated into Heaven with Origone. Among the Poets there is great dissention which of the two should be the Dog of Origone; some saying one, and some the other, and therefore they do many times take the one for the other.

7. ARGO NAVIS, the Ship Argo, which compre∣hendeth 41. Stars; this is the Ship wherein Jason did fetch the Golden Fleece from Colchis, which was afterward placed in Hea∣ven as a memorial, not only because of the great Voyage, but al∣so, because (as some will have it) it was the first Ship wherein a∣ny man sayled. Their reason why this Ship is not made whole is, that thereby men might be put in mind not to despair, albeit that their Ship miscarry in some part now and then. Some avouch it to be the Ark of Noe. Novidius saith it is the Ship wherein the Apostles were, when Christ appeared unto them walking on the Sea. In one of the Oars of this Ship, there is a great Star, called Canopus, or Canobus, which the Arabians called Shuel, as it were a bone-fire, because of the greatness thereof. It is not seen in Italy, nor in any Country on this side of Italy. Some say that Canobus the Master of Menelaus his Ship, was transformed into this Star.

8. HYDRA, the Hydre; that hath 25. Stars, and two unfor∣med.

9. CRATER, the Cup, or standing piece; that hath se∣ven Stars. Some say that this was the cup wherein Tagathon, that is, the chief God, mingled the stuff whereof he made the souls of Men.

10. CORVUS, the Crow; this hath seven Stars. These 3. Constellations are to be joyned together, because they depend up∣on one History, which is this. Upon a time Apollo made a solemne feast to Jupiter, and wanting water to serve his turn, he delivered a cup to the Crow (the bird wherein he chiefly delighted) and

sent him to fetch water therein: The Crow flying towards the Ri∣ver, espyed a Fig-tree, fell in hand with the Figs, and abode there till they were ripe: In the end, when he had fed his fill of them, and had satisfied his longing, he bethought himself of his errand, and by reason of his long delay, fearing a check, he caught up a snake in his bill, brought it to Apollo, and told him that the snake would not let him fill the Cup with water. Apollo seeing the im∣pudency of the bird gave him this gift, that as long as the Figs were not ripe upon the Tree, so long he should never drink: and for a memorial of the silly excuse that he made, he placed both the Crow, Cup, and Snake▪ in Heaven.

11. CENTAURUS, the Centaure, which comprehendeth 37. Stars. Some say, that this is Typhon, others call him Chi∣ron, the Schoolmaster of those three excellent men, Hercules Achiles, and Aesculapius; unto Hercules he read Astronomy, he trained up Achilles in Musick, and Aesculapius in Physick: and for his upright life he was turned into this Constellation. Yet Virgil calleth Sagit••arius by the name of Chiron. In the hinder feet of this Constellation, those stars are set which are called the Crosiers, appearing to the Mariners as they fail towards the South Sea, in the form of a crosse, whereupon they have their name. The four stars which are in the Garnish of the Centaures Spear, are accounted by Proclus as a peculiar Constellation, and are called by him Thyrsilochus, which was a Spear compassed about with vine leaves: but they are called by Copernicus and Clavius, and other Astronomers, the stars of his Target. It should seem that they were deceived by the old translation of Ptolome, wherein Scutum is put for Hasta, i. e. the Target, for the Spear, as it is well noted by our Countryman M. R. Record, in his Book intituled The Castle of knowledge.

12 LUPUS, the Wolf, or the beast which the Centaùre holdeth in his hand, containeth 19. stars; the Poetical reason is this, Chiron the Centaure being a just man, was greatly given the worship of the Gods: for which thing, that it might be noti∣fied to all posterity, they placed him by this beast, which he seem∣eth to stick and thrust through with his Spear, (as it were) ready to kill for sacrifice.

13. ARA, the Alter, it is also called Lar, or Thuribulum, i. e, a Chimney with the fire, or a Censor. It consisteth of se∣ven stars, and is affirmed of some Poets, to be the Alter where∣on

the Centaure was wont to offer up his sacrifice. But others tell the tale thus, When as the great Gyants called the Tytans, la∣boured as much as might be to pull Jupiter out of Heaven, the Gods thought it good to lay their heads together, to advise what was best to be done: Their conclusion was, that they should all with one consent joyn hands together to keep out such fellows: and that this their league might be confirmed, and throughly ra∣tified; they caused the Cyclops, (which were work-men of Vul∣can) to make them an Altar: about this Altar all the Gods as∣sembled, and there sware, that with one consent they would withstand their enemies; afterwards, having gotten the victory, it pleased them to place this Altar in Heaven, as a memorial of their League, and a token of that good which unity doth breed.

14. CORONA AUSTRINA, the South Garland, it hath 13. Stars. Some say that it is some trifling Garland which Sagittarius was wont to wear, but he cast it away from him in jest, and therefore it was placed between his legs: others call it the Wheel of I xion, whereupon he was tormented for that great courtesy he would have offered unto Juno, thinking indeed to have gotten up her belly: but Jupiter seeing the impudency of the man, tumbled him out of Heaven (where by the licence of the Gods he was somtime admitted as a guest) into Hell, there to be continually tormented upon a Wheel. The Figure of which Wheel was afterwards placed in Heaven, to teach men to take heed how they be so saucie to make such courteous proffers unto other men wives. The Greeks call this Constellation by the name of Uraniscus, because of the Figure thereof: For it representeth the palate or roof of the mouth, which they call Uraniscus.

15. The last is PISCIS AUSTRINUS, or Notius, the South Fish, which comprehendeth 11. Stars besides that which is in the mouth thereof, belonging to the water, which runneth from Aquarius, and is called by the Arabians Fomahant. The reason why this Fish was placed in the Heaven, is uncertain: yet some affirm, that the daughter of Venus going into a water to wash her self, was suddenly transformed into a fish; the which fish was afterwards translated into Heaven. The unformed Stars belonging unto this Constellation are six.

Thus much concerning the Constellations of the Northern and Southern Hemisphears; now follow the Poetical Stories of the Zodiatical Constellations.