Mikrokosmographia a description of the body of man. Together vvith the controuersies thereto belonging. Collected and translated out of all the best authors of anatomy, especially out of Gasper Bauhinus and Andreas Laurentius. By Helkiah Crooke Doctor of Physicke, physitian to His Maiestie, and his Highnesse professor in anatomy and chyrurgerie. Published by the Kings Maiesties especiall direction and warrant according to the first integrity, as it was originally written by the author.

CHAP. III. Of the muscles of the middle belly and of the parts of the necke.

THE Muscles of the middle venter are double, for either they lye vppon the ribbes or are scituated betweene them, yet all of them are not made onely for the motion of the Chest; for albeit they arise from the Chest, yet they moue either the armes or the shoulder blades or the backe or else the Chest it selfe, and such are called the proper muscles of the Chest, & these muscles are placed without or within: those that are seated without are on the forepart or on the back∣part.

On the forepart there are three on either side.

1 Pectoralis, the pectorall, and it is the first muscle of the arme, which is broade and large and seated vnder the Pappes.

2 Serratus maior, the greater saw, the second muscle of the Chest which lyeth vppon the ribbs, and to them is inserted as it were with fingers, whence it hath the name of the saw, and occupieth especially the side.

3 Serratus minor, the lesser saw, or the first muscle of the shoulder-blade, it is triangular, and lieth vnder the pectorall muscle.

On the back part there are ten on either side.

1 Cucullaris or the Munks-hood the greater part of the second muscle of the scapula or shoul∣der blade.

2 A part of the third muscle of the arme called Latissimus or the broadest muscle, because it taketh vp almost all the back-part of the lower belly.

3 Rhomboydes, the third muscle of the shoulder-blade scituate vnder the Munks-hoode.

4 Serratus Posticus superier, the vpper hinder saw, or the fourth muscle of the Chestlying vnder the Rhomboides.

5 Serratus posticus interior, the lower hinder saw, or the fift muscle of the Chest, scituated vnder the muscle called Latissimus.

6. Sacrolumbus, or the sixt of the chest.

7. Longissimus, the long muscle, the 2. of the backe.

8. Semi-spinatus, the fourth muscle of the backe.

9. Splenij pars inferior, the lower part of the spleniū or of the first muscle of the head placed vnder the vpper hinder saw.

10. Complexi pars inferior, the lower part of the Complexus, or the 2. muscle of the head.

On the inside there is one triangular, the sixt of the Chest; lying vnder the lower part of the brest-bone, of which in the 19. Chapter of this Book. Those muscles that are between the ribs called intercostales we shall intreat of by and by, when wee haue numbred vnto you the parts of the necke.

I do in this place describe the necke, because the chiefe parts therein contayned belong vnto the vitall parts, as the muscles of the voyce, the weazon, the larynx and such like.

It is therefore called Colum a colendo, because we vse to adorne this part with chaines & itwelles. Galen called it 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 because of the sharpnesse of the bones of it. It is a mid∣dle part betweene the Chest and the head made for the vse of the Chest and the Lungs; long that in the length of it the voice might bee better modulated or tuned, and therefore birds haue the most variety of tunes of any vnreasonable creatures, but fishes because they

haue no Lungs and so are mute, haue no necks, but all creatures that haue Lungs haue al∣so necks. It is round because of the bodies which are seated in it. The parts contayned in it are the iugular veines externall and internall: the Arteries called Catotides, nerues of the sixt paire and the recurrent nerues: all which are placed on the sides, but before, the weazon called aspera arteria or the sharpe artery and the gullet called oesophagus of which we haue spoken before. The muscles which are in the necke are many, some mooue the necke it selfe, some the larynx or throttle, some the bone Hyots, some the tongue, some the head, the lower Iaw and the shoulder blades. Of these some are scituated before some behinde. Be∣hinde those that follow which we will name as they lie each vpon other.

• 1 Cucullaris pars superior, the vpper part of the Munks-hoode or the second muscle of the shoulder blade, descending from the occipitium or nowle of the head.
• 2 Leuator. The fourth of the shoulder blade seated more toward the sides.
• 3. Splenius, The first muscle of the head.
• 4. Complexus, The second of the head.
• 5. Recti maiores, The third paire of the head.
• 6. Obliqui superiores, the fift paire of the head
• 7. Obliqui inferiores, The sixt paire of the head
• 8. Recti minores, The fourth paire of the head which lye vnder the second muscle of the backe.
• 9. Transuersalis, The third of the necke.
• 10. Scalenus, The second of the neck, it lieth on the side from the first rib into the neck.
• 11. Spinatus, The fourth of the necke.

Before; these, beside those which grow to the iaw and are vnder the Chin.

• 1. Quadratus seu Platysma myodes, The first muscle common to the cheeks and the lips.
• 2. Mastoydes, The seauenth of the head, from the pattell bone to the sides of the head.
• 3. Sternohyoidei, The first paire of the bone Hyois, which lye vpon the wezon.
• 4. Coracohyoidei, The fourth paire of the bone Hyois seated at the sides.
• 5. Oesophagiaei, The third paire of the common muscles of the Larynx or throttle.
• 6. Longi duo, The first muscles of the neck.

But we returne vnto the Chest, and first to the Intercostall muscles as being proper only to the Chest, & therefore we will here follow their discription more accuratly in this place.

Notes

• Muscles on the foreside of the chest.
• Muscles on the backside of the chest.
• On the inside.
• The necke.
• The figure. The parts contained.
• Concerning the muscles of it.