Maison rustique, or The countrey farme· Compyled in the French tongue by Charles Steuens, and Iohn Liebault, Doctors of Physicke. And translated into English by Richard Surflet, practitioner in physicke. Now newly reuiewed, corrected, and augmented, with diuers large additions, out of the works of Serres his Agriculture, Vinet his Maison champestre, French. Albyterio in Spanish, Grilli in Italian; and other authors. And the husbandrie of France, Italie, and Spaine, reconciled and made to agree with ours here in England: by Geruase Markham. The whole contents are in the page following

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Title
Maison rustique, or The countrey farme· Compyled in the French tongue by Charles Steuens, and Iohn Liebault, Doctors of Physicke. And translated into English by Richard Surflet, practitioner in physicke. Now newly reuiewed, corrected, and augmented, with diuers large additions, out of the works of Serres his Agriculture, Vinet his Maison champestre, French. Albyterio in Spanish, Grilli in Italian; and other authors. And the husbandrie of France, Italie, and Spaine, reconciled and made to agree with ours here in England: by Geruase Markham. The whole contents are in the page following
Author
Estienne, Charles, 1504-ca. 1564.
Publication
London :: Printed by Adam Islip for Iohn Bill,
1616.
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Subject terms
Agriculture -- Early works to 1800.
Hunting -- Early works to 1800.
Cite this Item
"Maison rustique, or The countrey farme· Compyled in the French tongue by Charles Steuens, and Iohn Liebault, Doctors of Physicke. And translated into English by Richard Surflet, practitioner in physicke. Now newly reuiewed, corrected, and augmented, with diuers large additions, out of the works of Serres his Agriculture, Vinet his Maison champestre, French. Albyterio in Spanish, Grilli in Italian; and other authors. And the husbandrie of France, Italie, and Spaine, reconciled and made to agree with ours here in England: by Geruase Markham. The whole contents are in the page following." In the digital collection Early English Books Online. https://name.umdl.umich.edu/A00419.0001.001. University of Michigan Library Digital Collections. Accessed May 20, 2024.

Pages

CHAP. LXIII.
Of what qualities and conditions the Bees must be.

I Will say nothing in this place of the engendring of Bees, as whether it be by the coupling of males and females together, as wee see in other kind of creatures, or by the corruption and rotting of the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉〈◊〉 of the bodie of a young Bullocke (whereof Virgil speaketh) which are knowledges not greatly belonging to the Husbandman; because, 〈◊〉〈◊〉 red, he findeth them in his Hiue without anie further industrie: yet for 〈◊〉〈◊〉, it is

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doubtlesse, that Bees are bred of Bees, either of their blowings, or some other 〈◊〉〈◊〉 of their generation: but the first is most likely, because the first combes 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Bee frameth, she filleth with her young, before she labour for honey, and these 〈◊〉〈◊〉 are at first but little bigger than flye-blowes, white and long, and so 〈…〉〈…〉 produceth a shape, which taketh life in the combe, and then departeth thence▪ 〈◊〉〈◊〉 laboureth amongst the other Bees: yet being straitened in the Hiue, and 〈◊〉〈◊〉 roome to lodge their honey in, as soone as the warmth of Summer commeth in, thy with one consent depart the Hiue, and seeke out some other place wherein to 〈◊〉〈◊〉 their labou••••s: and these are called the swarmes, or encrease of young store, which the elder stocks bringeth forth. But letting passe these digressions of the workes 〈◊〉〈◊〉 ••••∣ture, I will describe them as they are alreadie engendred; as, what be the prop•••••••••• of such as are fit and like to make good honey. There are manie sorts of Bees: for some are of a golden colour, cleare, shining, and bright; others blackish, rough and hairie some great, some small; some thicke and round; and others spae and long; some wild, and some tame. But and if you would buy or gather together 〈◊〉〈◊〉 out of the Forest, to take their honey from them, looke and take good heed that they haue the markes following; as, that they be little ones, somewhat long, not hairie nea, golden coloured, shining and sparkling as gold, spotted aboue, gentle and lo∣uing: for the greater and longer that Bees be, the worse they are; and if they be 〈◊〉〈◊〉 they are nothing worth; notwithstanding, that their choler and malice is easily helped, if that otherwise they be well marked and fruitfull, by seeing themost: for in your oft going to them, they become tame. But because one cannot learnt to 〈◊〉〈◊〉 and know if they haue all these marks aforesaid, if he see them not: if you buy them, before you cope for them, you must open the Hiues, and see whether they be well ••••∣plenished, or not: and if you cannot looke vp higher into them, then you must go by gesse and ayme, and consider if there be good store at the mouth, and 〈◊〉〈◊〉 you heare a great noise and huzzing within; and further, if they be all 〈…〉〈…〉 at rest: in putting your mouth to the Hiues mouth, and blowing a good blast 〈…〉〈…〉, you may perceiue whether there be manie, or few, by the noise which they will ••••••∣sently make when they feele the breath. Or where you shall make doubt of 〈◊〉〈◊〉 these former signes, there you shall take the Hiue from the stone, and poise it 〈◊〉〈◊〉 your arme, and according vnto the weight so you shall chaffer for it: because if you see it is well reple••••shed with Bees, and also verie heauie, then you may assure 〈◊〉〈◊〉 selfe it is an excellent Stocke, rich both in Cattell, Wax, and Honey, and so co••••••∣quently worth your money: but if it be light, though it promise neuer so manie 〈◊〉〈◊〉 yet it is but casuall: for either the swarme fell late in the yeare, so that they 〈◊〉〈◊〉 time to get their prouisions; or else the yeare was vnnaturall, and too moist, whereby they could not worke; or else the Swarme was weake; anie of which will hardly 〈◊〉〈◊〉 out the Winter following: and in that respect the buyer ought to be verie ••••••••∣full of his purchase. Now it is an old receiued opinion amongst old 〈◊〉〈◊〉 (how true I leaue to your idgement) That those Bees prosper best, which are 〈◊〉〈◊〉 giuen, or come by chance: Truly I would not persuade anie friends of mine 〈…〉〈…〉 get Bees at this reckoning, to goe to higher rate, for sure the asinesse of the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 makes the profit to much the greater, and in that respect the saying is true, but 〈◊〉〈◊〉 ••••••∣therwise, I am fully persuaded. Others are of opinion, that stolne Bees thriue 〈◊〉〈◊〉 but I would haue no man beleeue it: for I neuer knew profit in dishonestie; 〈◊〉〈◊〉 is it possible that there can be anie blessing giuen vnto an act of so much wrong, 〈◊〉〈◊〉 the taking away of another mans goods commeth to: yet this hath beene an old receiued opinion, and for knowledge, not for practise, I relate it. It is good to 〈◊〉〈◊〉 them as neere vnto your abode as you can, and not in other Countries 〈…〉〈…〉 your dwelling place: for the change of their Pastures, Ayre, and Countrey, 〈◊〉〈◊〉 sonish and amase them: besides also, the further they are carried, the more they 〈◊〉〈◊〉 pained in their Hiues. But and if they cannot be got, but by seeking 〈…〉〈…〉 them, you must conuey them, betwixt place and place, some other way that by highwayes, and that the rather in the Spring than in Winter, as also verie 〈◊〉〈◊〉.

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for feare of shaking them. It will be good to take them before day, and to carrie them away at night vpon his necke, or rather it is better that two men should beare them: for in the day time they must be let rest, and haue giuen vnto them some sweet liquor, that so they may haue to feed vpon, though they be kept within. And when they are brought to the place of their abode, you must not open them vntill the next day at night, to the end, that after they haue rested all night, they may be the fitter to come forth peaceably in the morning: although yet it were better not to alter or change anie thing about them for the space of three daies, but to stop vp the mouth with some thinne cloth, vntill the Sunne haue shone, and in the euening after to open them.

There is no such carefull heed taken in the chusing of those which are giuen, nor yet of those which haue beene taken or gathered in the Fields or Forests, although I could aduise men to the contrarie, seeing the charges and paines are as great about the bad as the good. Notwithstanding, when one gathereth them, it is not possible to make such choice as he would: and therefore he must be content with that which commeth next to hand; and yet not to be negligent to purchase and get the best that may be come by, and to take good heed not to mingle the good and the bad toge∣ther, for so the bad would dishonour the good, and there would be a great deale lesse honey, because of the bad and slouthfull ones which are mingled amongst them. The gathering of them shall be after this fashion: When you haue found anie place, by which great numbers of Bees doe passe (which is commonly in Woods and Forests where Hearbes doe abound, and Trees of sweet smell, neere vnto some small Riuer or Fountaine) you shall vse all diligence to find out the place of their rest and abode, which you may easily learne after their hauing beene at water, whether it be neere or 〈…〉〈…〉, by the place whither they torne: then afterward, in the beginning of the Spring, you must take Balme and Thyme bruised, with other such like hearbs which Bees loue, and therewith annoint your Hiue so throughly, as that the smell and iuice thereof may stay behind: after that, you shall make the Hiue cleane, and sprinkle it with a little honey: and hauing thus handled it, you shall set it downe in the Woods or Forests, neere vnto the Springs, and when it is full of Bees, you shall carrie it home. And thus much of gathering swarmes of Bees.

Notes

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