Maison rustique, or The countrey farme· Compyled in the French tongue by Charles Steuens, and Iohn Liebault, Doctors of Physicke. And translated into English by Richard Surflet, practitioner in physicke. Now newly reuiewed, corrected, and augmented, with diuers large additions, out of the works of Serres his Agriculture, Vinet his Maison champestre, French. Albyterio in Spanish, Grilli in Italian; and other authors. And the husbandrie of France, Italie, and Spaine, reconciled and made to agree with ours here in England: by Geruase Markham. The whole contents are in the page following

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Title
Maison rustique, or The countrey farme· Compyled in the French tongue by Charles Steuens, and Iohn Liebault, Doctors of Physicke. And translated into English by Richard Surflet, practitioner in physicke. Now newly reuiewed, corrected, and augmented, with diuers large additions, out of the works of Serres his Agriculture, Vinet his Maison champestre, French. Albyterio in Spanish, Grilli in Italian; and other authors. And the husbandrie of France, Italie, and Spaine, reconciled and made to agree with ours here in England: by Geruase Markham. The whole contents are in the page following
Author
Estienne, Charles, 1504-ca. 1564.
Publication
London :: Printed by Adam Islip for Iohn Bill,
1616.
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Subject terms
Agriculture -- Early works to 1800.
Hunting -- Early works to 1800.
Cite this Item
"Maison rustique, or The countrey farme· Compyled in the French tongue by Charles Steuens, and Iohn Liebault, Doctors of Physicke. And translated into English by Richard Surflet, practitioner in physicke. Now newly reuiewed, corrected, and augmented, with diuers large additions, out of the works of Serres his Agriculture, Vinet his Maison champestre, French. Albyterio in Spanish, Grilli in Italian; and other authors. And the husbandrie of France, Italie, and Spaine, reconciled and made to agree with ours here in England: by Geruase Markham. The whole contents are in the page following." In the digital collection Early English Books Online. https://name.umdl.umich.edu/A00419.0001.001. University of Michigan Library Digital Collections. Accessed May 20, 2024.

Pages

CHAP. LXII.
Of the fashion of the Hiues, and the manner of setting them for Bees.

A Place and standing for Bees being thus appointed, the next thing is accor∣ding to that fashion which may be most conuenient for the Countrie to make hiues. Some thinke, the best are those which are made of quarters of sawne boards, vvide ynough, but not verie long: others you must haue 〈◊〉〈◊〉 long and narrow, that so you may haue two sorts of hiues, that is to say, great 〈◊〉〈◊〉 small ones: the great ones, for such as are to be imployed in the making of Ho∣•••• and the other, which are the little ones, for such as are to swarme and cast: the said 〈◊〉〈◊〉: being fitted together with nailes, but yet so as that one or two of the boards

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may be lifted vp when the honie is to be taken, or the said hiues to be 〈…〉〈…〉 the hiues which are best and most conuenient next vnto these, are those which are made of Barke and of Corke: and next vnto them, those that are made of 〈…〉〈…〉 and Sallowes, such as we see in this countrie: the worst are those which are made 〈◊〉〈◊〉 baked earth, for they sald with heat in Sommer, and freeze with cold in 〈◊〉〈◊〉. I find those nothing conuenient which are made of dressed straw, or of 〈…〉〈…〉 the one is verie subiect to the fire, and the other cannot be translated or 〈…〉〈…〉 one place to another, if need should require. Yet those of straw may 〈…〉〈…〉 ind••••ed and imbraced if they be well lookt vnto, because the Bee-gard•••• 〈…〉〈…〉 within the danger of the fire; onely the worst fault they haue is this, that 〈◊〉〈◊〉 verie apt to breed within them, and to destroy the honie as it is gathered, 〈◊〉〈◊〉 withstanding in such places where wood is scarce, they are not to be 〈…〉〈…〉 in the cold countries, because of all ••••ues they are the wamest. There are also o∣ther hiues which are made of splinted wands of hassell or such like 〈…〉〈…〉 they are esteemed the best of all other, and are indeed the sweetest, safest, and 〈◊〉〈◊〉 to worke in; prouided, that they be tr••••med, daubed, and thatched as it 〈◊〉〈◊〉 said: Now againe in your hiues is a great care to be taken touching the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 of them, for although the auncient allow but a cubit wide, and two in length, 〈◊〉〈◊〉 a cub•••• and a halfe not amisse in the bottome, and two and a halfe in length, for 〈◊〉〈◊〉 largenesse of a haue (if it be not too vnreasonable) neuer doth hurt: and wh••••••s some vse to make two sorts of hiues, a greater and a lesser, if you make but one 〈◊〉〈◊〉 and those large ones, it will be ••••••rie way as good, for you shall many 〈…〉〈…〉 to inlarge your hiues, but verie seldome or neuer to straiten them, for all 〈◊〉〈◊〉 curios••••••e it selfe can speake against them that be great hiues, is but onely this, 〈…〉〈…〉 is long in casting, and casteth seldome, whereas, on the contrarie part, the 〈…〉〈…〉 small hiue casteth more soone, and farre oter, yet this is most 〈…〉〈…〉 swarme taken from the large hiue, is better than two swarmes taken from the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 hiue, being both more strong ad more able for their worke, and a great 〈…〉〈…〉 better able to endure Winter, nor is it the number of stockes which 〈…〉〈…〉 but the quantitie of the honie.

Moreouer, they must be wide beneath, and narrow aboue, they 〈…〉〈…〉 wide, and two cub••••s high, drawne ouer and dret on the out-side with 〈…〉〈…〉 mingled together, that so they may continue the longer: Neither 〈…〉〈…〉 made as some are flat at the top, and shallow, but ascending pyramid wise, 〈…〉〈…〉 smaller till it come to the top, for thereby it both sheddeth off the raine, much 〈◊〉〈◊〉 and maketh the frames of the Bees a great deale stronger. These hiues 〈◊〉〈◊〉 crosse-barre within with clouen stickes verie well rubbed with sweet flowers, 〈◊〉〈◊〉 the which the Bees must fasten their combes; and these crosse-barres must be 〈◊〉〈◊〉 places of the hiue, that is, nere to the top, and neere the bottome. They must be 〈◊〉〈◊〉 vpon boards fitted for the purpose, and that neere vnto some vvall, but 〈◊〉〈◊〉 it, that so there may be space for one to goe about them and make them cleane•••••• 〈◊〉〈◊〉 ese you may set them vpon some vault of stone or of bricke, to the height of 〈◊〉〈◊〉 foot, and as muh in bredth, layed ouer with mortar on euerie side, and 〈…〉〈…〉 o the lizards and serpents, and other noysome cattell, may not get vp and 〈◊〉〈◊〉 ∣ther for to hurt them.

But the best and safest manner of setting of hiues, is to driue three strong 〈◊〉〈◊〉 to the ground, so as they may stand of one euen and just height, and about 〈◊〉〈◊〉 and a halfe aboue the ground, then vpon these stakes you shall lay a faire 〈…〉〈…〉 using-stone that may reach euerie way halfe a foot or more beyond the 〈◊〉〈◊〉, and vpon that stone you shall set your hiue, for by that meanes neither 〈…〉〈…〉 〈◊〉〈◊〉 vermine shall get to annoy the hiues.

Moreouer, the hiues shall be so set, as that there may be a distance 〈◊〉〈◊〉 one and the other, to the end that when need shall require, to looke 〈…〉〈…〉 for the making of it cleane, or any other thing, there may not any occasion 〈…〉〈…〉 to shake or rogge vpon the other, nor yet disturbe the adjoyning 〈…〉〈…〉

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greatly feare when they are touched, least their workmanship of 〈◊〉〈◊〉 (which is 〈◊〉〈◊〉 weake and easie to be poyled) should be stirred or broken. The 〈◊〉〈◊〉-part, whe•••• they go in, must be hanging somwhat forward, that so there may not any 〈…〉〈…〉 fall into it: and when as anie, by hap, shall fall in, that then 〈◊〉〈◊〉 may not ••••ay, 〈◊〉〈◊〉 find that as a readie way out: And for this cause the Hiues must be couered with small co∣uerings and shelter, besides the shade of leaues and boughes made 〈…〉〈…〉 mortar of earth for a band; and this will exue against the cold, snow, 〈…〉〈…〉, although heat doe not so much hurt vnto Bees as cold. Also you shall 〈…〉〈…〉 binding mortar daube the Hiue as close as may be to the stone, that if 〈◊〉〈◊〉 hap∣pen to fall thereupon, yet it may by no meanes sinke into the Hiue, but 〈◊〉〈◊〉 fall off, and shed vpon the earth. And therefore behind the Bees as they 〈…〉〈…〉 must be some building, or else at the least a wall, which may be vnto them in stead of a 〈◊〉〈◊〉 banke against the North wind, and withall, may keepe the Hiues in a 〈◊〉〈◊〉 warmth. And furthermore, Hiues, though they be thus defended and 〈◊〉〈◊〉 from the cold by this building, yet they must be turned vpon the East in Winter, rather than vpon the South (because if they were turned toward the South, they would be layd fore vpon by excessiue heat in Summer.) to the end, that in the morning the Bees, for their earlier comming forth, may haue the Sunne hot vpon them, for their better wakening; whereas otherwise, the cold would make them heauie and slouth∣full: and therefore the holes by which they pa••••e and rep¦sse, must be 〈◊〉〈◊〉-little, that so they may not giue place for the entrance of much cold, and they will be suffi∣cient great, if to be there may but one Bee passe. Againe, by this meanes it will be prouided for, that neither the venimous Stellion, nor the villanous Beetill, neither yet the Butterflies, shall possibly enter to rob the Hiues and Honey-combes. And moreouer, according to the quantitie of Bees in the Hiue, you must make in the same hatch two or three holes, one somewhat distant from another, that they may passe in thereby, as also for the deceiuing of the Lizards, which would, by reason of their watch, kill them as they came forth, if they had but one hole in all. It is further meet, that the shelter vnder which the Hiues shall stand, be well appointed for little open windowes, which you shall, stop in Winter with Paper windowes, or Tyles, and that in such order, as that they may be easily opened when the Sunne shineth, and shut after that the Bees are returned home into their Hiues: and yet there must be holes in the said Paper lights, that so they may passe forth along at their pleasure whither they are disposed. Yet this is a curiositie seldome or neuer vsed amongst 〈◊〉〈◊〉 masters: and therfore, in mine opinion, if you keepe them close, without any more than their ordinarie dores to passe in & out at, it wil be best: and these do•••••• would be made of a fine thin board, or a piece of an old worne trencher, cut in this maner and so fixed into the bottome of the Hiue, on that side on which the Sunne most commonly riseth: and all these dores you shall keepe open from the la∣ter end of Aprill till September: but after, which is the dead time of Winter, you shall close them vp, and keepe but one open at the most, and that no bigger, then a Bee may well passe through the same.

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