Middle English Dictionary Entry
cǒuchen v.
Entry Info
Forms | cǒuchen v. Also chouchen. Ppl. i)couched, kouged chuched. |
Etymology | OF couchier |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) To lie down, lie in bed; ~ with, lie with (sb.), ?have sexual intercourse with; (b) to lie down obediently, crouch submissively; cower timidly; (c) to make (a dog) lie down; (d) refl. to lie down.
Associated quotations
a
- ?c1430(c1400) Wycl.Prelates (Corp-C 296)60 : Prelatis..couchen in castelis as lordis.
- ?c1430(c1400) Wycl.Priesthood (Corp-C 296)168 : Prestis..chouchen [vr. couchen] in softe beddis whanne oþere men risen to here labour.
- ?c1430(c1400) Wycl.Satan & C.(Corp-C 296)211 : Pore men þat ben beddrede & couchen in muk or dust.
- ?a1440 Hortus (Brist-U)272 : Cubilo is to cowche.
- c1460(a1449) Lydg.2 Merch.(Hrl 2255)205 : A bed in haste was maad..In which he cowchyd.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)270/30 : To be a weddyd man..I muste couche with hir and leve armys and turnamentis.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)913/14 : The lyon..cowched downe at his feet.
- ?a1475 PParv.(Win)116 : Cowchyn, or lyin in cowche: Cubo.
b
- c1390 PPl.A(1) (Vrn)3.35 : Icham I-knowe Þer Cunnynge Clerkes schul Couche be-hynde.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)1.1261 : The yonge whelp..Hath noght his Maister betre awaited, To couche, whan he seith 'Go lowe.'
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Cl.(Manly-Rickert)E.1206 : Thow shalt make hym couche as dooth a quaille.
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)122 : The Romaynes..Cowchide as kenetez before þe kynge selvyn.
- c1440 PLAlex.(Thrn)9/8 : Riȝte as a honde will couche when his maister biddes hym.
- a1450 Castle Persev.(Folg V.a.354)148/2486 : I wyl gon cowche [&] qwayl at hom in ȝour gonge.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)115/478 : I cowche to the than for fayn nere gretyng.
c
- c1450(?a1400) Parl.3 Ages (Add 31042)39 : To the bole of a birche my berselett I cowchide.
d
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)2240 : Þat witty werwolf..kouchid him vnder a kragge to kepe þis tvo beris.
- ?a1425(c1400) Mandev.(1) (Tit C.16)42/11 : Þei haue none houses but tentes..And þere benethe þei couchen hem [F se couchent] & dwellen in place where þei may fynden water.
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Grail (Corp-C 80)56.493 : The ton lyown Cowched him at his feet, and the tothir atte the hed.
2.
(a) To spread or lay (sth. on a surface); lay on or impose (gold or silver foil); (b) ppl. couched, overlaid (with gold), set (with jewels), decorated, adorned; ornamented with designs in couched work; couched werk, a kind of embroidery in which colored thread or gold thread, jewels, etc. are laid on with a special stitch; (c) couched, of jewels: embedded or inlaid (in a setting), set; also fig.
Associated quotations
a
- ?a1350 Recipe Painting(1) in Archaeol.J.1 (Hrl 2253)65 : Vorte couche selverfoyle. Tac gumme arabuk [etc.]..tac a wollene clout, ant couche thi poudre theron as brod as hit wol.
- c1450 Med.Bk.(1) (Med-L 136)296/965 : Tak a bagge..and thies maters [herbs] couchid abrode and brochid in the bagge somewhat brode.
- a1475 Limn.Bks.(Brog 2.1)84 : To cowche gold: take gleyre..and cowche on thy gold whyle it is moyste.
b
- c1330(?a1300) Arth.& M.(Auch)5642 : His pensel..was couched wiþ azur.
- (c1385) Chaucer CT.Kn.(Manly-Rickert)A.2161 : Clooth of Tars Couched with perles white.
- c1390 NHom.Narrat.(Vrn)300/38 : Riche fold, Couched wiþ riche perre and gold.
- (1430) Will York in Sur.Soc.308 : Cum tapeto viridi cowched..xij quysshyns cowched cum scutis de rubio et albo.
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)909 : Clasppis of clere gold, couched wyth stones.
- c1440 Degrev.(Thrn)648 : Scho come in a veluet..Alle of pallewerke fyne Cowchide with newyne.
- (1442) Invent.Gild in PSAL ser.2.5121 : ij bankers lyned with Canvas of Cowchid Werke moghteten..xij quisshenes of cowchid werke with wrethes.
- a1450 St.Editha (Fst B.3)1163 : Mitrus y-cowchud wt mony a ryalle ston.
- (1466) in Cox Churches Derb.86 : ij cushens of cowched worke.
- a1500 Parton.(1) (RwlPoet 14)3910 : Hys shelde Well couchide with perle.
c
- c1450 Capgr.Rome (Bod 423)26 : Grete wallis..sette with..precious stones..þat wold not lithly be distroyed with wedir for þe stones wer..couchid in þe wall with cyment.
- (c1450) Capgr.St.Aug.(Add 36704)9/19 : This name was couchid in his hert fro his moder tete.
- c1460(?c1400) Beryn (Nthld 55)3300 : iij preciouse stonys been within the hafft Perfitlych I-couchid.
3.
(a) To lay (sth., somewhere), put down; ~ in (under) clai, bury; ~ adoun his bile, put down his bill, go to sleep; (b) to lay (things) together in proper relative position, arrange; ~ togeder, ~ up; ~ fir, lay a fire; (c) to lower (a spear) for attack.
Associated quotations
a
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mil.(Manly-Rickert)A.3211 : His augrym stones layen faire apart, On shelues couched at his beddes heed; His presse ycouered with a faldyng reed.
- c1390 Whon Men beoþ (Vrn)70 : Þen schal vr bodies in erþe be þrast, Vr Careyns chouched vnder clay.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)4.2710 : If he [Somnolence] mai couche a doun his bile.
- (a1399) Form Cury (Add 5016)21 : Take obleys..and cowche in dysshes.
- c1400 *Chaucer Astr.(Brussels 4869)2.29.92a : Slely in thilke schynynge late thyn astrelabie kowche adown euene vpon a smothe grownd.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)5.2901 : In a cheste..She couched hem [bones].
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)6903 : On folkes shuldris thinges they couchen [F posent] That they nyl with her fyngris touchen.
- c1440(a1400) Awntyrs Arth.(Thrn)152 : In care am I cachede, and cowchede [IrBl: couchet] in claye.
- c1450(a1449) Lydg.SSecr.(Sln 2464)1439 : Men putte in Celerys, Cowche newe wynes.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)11789 : The carcas full clanly kowchit on þe auter.
- a1475 Liber Cocorum (Sln 1986)53 : Take ote..Couch hit in a panne with water.
- (?1475) Stonor1.157 : Se þat my wyne be kowged.
b
- (c1385) Chaucer CT.Kn.(Manly-Rickert)A.2933 : The fyr was couched first with stree And than with..grene wode and spicerye..clooth of gold and..perrye.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.CY.(Manly-Rickert)G.1179-82 : Whils the preest couched bisily The coles..This chanoun seyde..'This is nat couched as it oghte be.'
- c1400 Daniel *Herbal (Arun 42)f.19r : The 3 spice is of malwe as heyȝ as þe ferst spice & nerhand as gret stalked but not so stif; leuys mykel & sed noȝt lik, but þenne, rounde, flat, euery sed chuched on oþer in a budde.
- (1423) Doc.Brewer in Bk.Lond.E.158/555,571 : To an laborer..to couche þe tile sherdes after þe tilers and þe Carpenteres..to an man..to cowche vp þe tyles.
- (1442) Grocer Lond.(Kingdon)268/22 : Item for a laborer to cowche the same stone in þe yerd.
- (1448) in Willis & C.Cambridge 1367 : The secunde Course of Yorkschire and Teynton ston medlyd and couched to gyder.
- a1450 Hrl.Cook.Bk.(1) (Hrl 279)26 : Ley sum [chicken legs]..in a dysshe fayre y-chowchyd.
- ?c1450 Stockh.PRecipes (Stockh 10.90)133/4 : Make þi ballys..and cowche hem to-gedyr on a fayre bord.
- ?a1475 PParv.(Win)116 : Cowchyn or leyn to-gydyr thyngis: Colloco.
c
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)23/12 : They dressed their shyldis and began to couche hir sperys.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
- a1400 Trin-C O.9.39 Recipes (Trin-C O.9.39) 27/2,3 : Make a loof of clene barly mele and in þat loof..make many smale holes þere þu myȝt couchen þy perles ynne, þanne take þy perles and couche hem all by oon and oon in þe holes.
Note: Additional quot., ?prob. sense 3.(b).
- ?c1500 Hrl.2252 Artist.Recipes (Hrl 2252) 73/14 : Make a syse to cowche gold or syluer.
- a1500 Cmb.Ee.1.13 Dye Recipes (Cmb Ee.1.13) 111/4 : Take gleyre and cowche þi siluer with a conyis tayle.
Note: Postdates sense 2.(a).
- a1400 Trin-C O.9.39 Recipes (Trin-C O.9.39) 22/17 : Whanne þu hast made þy bagge..and hast put yn þy safflour, and cowchid hit wel þerynne in manere of a gode þikke cake..take and sowe þy bagge wel togideres abouen at þe mouþe.
- a1400 Trin-C O.9.39 Recipes (Trin-C O.9.39) 45/33 : Abouen þat bedde þey cowchen anoþer bedde of..copper, and þanne anoþer bedde abouen þat.
Note: Need date, sense 2.(a).
Supplemental Materials (draft)
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)8386 : Hit was pight vp with pilers all of pure stones, Palit full prudly and a proude flore Rowchet all with cristall, clere as the sonne.
Note: New spelling: P.pl...kouchet,(error)rowchet.
Note: Belongs to sense 2.(b)
Note: Gloss: Inlaid (with crystal).
Note: List of variant spellings in the form section may not be complete. Revised form section: Also couche, kouche, chouchen. P.ppl. couched, etc. &couchet, kouchet, kouged & icouched, icouchud, ichouched.--notes per MLL