Middle English Dictionary Entry

cǒntenaunce n.
Quotations: Show all Hide all

Entry Info

Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)

1a.
Behavior, bearing, conduct; manners, esp. good manners; chere and ~, ~ and beringe, ~ and maneres; courteis (hende) ~, courtly or gracious manner; maken ~, to behave (well, etc.); lakken ~, lack proper manners; enhauncen ~, become overbearing; beren in ~, conduct (oneself); etc.
1b.
(a) Customary conduct or mode of living (as of a noble); holden, maintainen ~; (b) the property necessary to maintain the life and social responsibilities of a freeman.
2.
Controlled behavior, self-control, composure; failen, lesen, tinen ~, to lose (one's) composure, be disconcerted or upset; cunnen, kepen ~, keep calm; cacchen ~, gain self-control, come to.
3.
(a) Outward appearance, looks; (b) maken god ~, to appear composed, act as if one had composure; (c) outward show, pretense; ~ of love, false display of affection; frend of ~, insincere friend; fals ~, deceit; maken ~, to pretend, act (as if); holden ~, keep up appearances; for ~, for show or deception.
4.
Any indicative or expressive movement, such as a salute, wink, nod, smile, glance, etc.; a sign, gesture, facial expression; also, gesturing; maken, sheuen ~, to indicate by a sign or expressive movement; assume a posture or attitude; motion (to sb.); casten up ~, look up; finden ~, assume an attitude or pose; piken a ~, cast a glance; blaken of ~, grow pale.

Supplemental Materials (draft)

  • c1450 ?C.d'Orl.Poems (Hrl 682)170/5084 : She..lete downe falle a ryng To pyke a countenaunce..And turnyd as it had ben bowt for that.
  • Note: Quot. belongs to sense 4.
    Note: In sense 4., revise phrase and gloss "piken a ~, to cast a glance" to "piken a ~ to create a pretext; piken one's ~, to assume a feigned facial expression or behavior."--per MLL