Middle English Dictionary Entry
conscience n.
Entry Info
Forms | conscience n. Also consience, conciens. |
Etymology | OF, & L conscientia. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
The mind or heart as the seat of thought, feeling, and desire; attitude of mind, feelings; gret ~, full awareness; sure ~, strong conviction; putten upon ~, to call to mind, remind (sb.); setten ~ upon, put one's heart into (a task).
Associated quotations
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))2 Cor.5.11 : Sothly I hope and in ȝoure consciencis [L conscientiis] vs for to be knowun.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)prol.297 : He schal be resoun do profit In holy cherche upon the plit That he hath set his conscience.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)2.2844 : Outward he doth the reverence, Bot al withinne his conscience..He thoghte Supplantacioun.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)3.11 : Wher he most achieveth His pourpos, most to kinde he grieveth, As he which out of conscience Is enemy to pacience.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)3.1504 : Upon loue side Mi conscience I woll noght hyde, How that, for love, of pure wo I have ben ofte moeved so [etc.].
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)4.792 : Sche..putte upon his conscience The trowthe which he hath behote.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)6.1906 : It fell into mi conscience That I unto the temple wente.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)3.67 : For crist knoweþ þi conscience and þi kynde wille.
- c1400(?c1380) Pearl (Nero A.10)1089 : I dar say wyth conciens sure..His lyf wer loste an vnder mone.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)1196 : Þe lede..Compast in his concience to quat þat cace myȝt Meue oþer amount.
- (a1438) MKempe A (Add 61823)6/33 : Sche had a thyng in conscyens whech sche had neuyr schewyd be-forn þat tyme in alle hyr lyfe.
- c1440 Tales Contrition (Thrn)7/7 : My concyens sayde þat..ȝet walde I hafe delyte in myn alde lyfe.
- (c1443) Pecock Rule (Mrg M 519)166 : Forwhi þou levist þe jugement here of to conscience of þe doer if he be lettrid..or to þe conscience of an oþer such discreet man.
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Merlin (Corp-C 80)6795 : A fair Ende hast thow Mad here, ȝif hit Jn thy conciense now be as thy Semblaunce here scheweth to Me.
- a1450 St.Editha (Fst B.3)546 : Lowe welle god, and he wylle loue þe. For he knowyth þy conscyens ryȝt welle And þy gode hert.
- c1450(c1350) Alex.& D.(Bod 264)767 : Þei casten in ȝoure consience corsede þouhtous [!].
- c1450(1410) Walton Boeth.(Lin-C 103)p.143 : Thowh þat þei done hem honour in presence, Yit þei despisen hem in conscience.
- (c1450) Capgr.St.Aug.(Add 36704)7/26 : What defautes þat be in þis age, of whech our maystir had ful grete consciens, is writin in þe same book.
- a1475 Rev.St.Bridget(3) (Gar 145)118/35 : As it [a soule] had be blynde in all wyse, so þat it sigh nothinge in conscience.
- a1500(c1340) Rolle Psalter (UC 64)17.8 : I haf it in my consciens, whare he sees and na man.
2.
(a) The faculty of knowing what is right, esp. with reference to Christian ethics; the moral sense, one's conscience; awareness of right and wrong; consciousness of having done something good or bad; ~ of sinne, a sense of guilt; (b) clene ~, god ~, sauf ~, clear conscience, pure heart; combred ~, fals ~, guilty conscience; kind ~, natural moral sense; (c) clenen ~, cleren ~, to clear away one's sense of guilt, relieve one's conscience; defoulen ~, sully one's conscience; vexed in ~, conscience-stricken; (d) gnawing, remorse, worm of ~, remorse.
Associated quotations
a
- c1230(?a1200) *Ancr.(Corp-C 402)83a : Inwið us seoluen ure ahne conscience, þet is ure inwit, forculiende hire seoluen wið þe fur of sunne.
- c1300 SLeg.Becket (LdMisc 108)470 : Ich hadde lothz, bi mi concience, don holi churche wovȝ; For lawes þere beoth [etc.].
- (c1380) Chaucer CT.SN.(Manly-Rickert)G.434 : 'Of whennes comth thyn answeryng so rude?'..'Of conscience and of good feith vnfeyned.'
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Heb.10.2 : The worschipers, clensid oonys, hadden no conscience of synne ferthermore.
- c1390 In a Pistel (Vrn)97 : Þi concience schal þe saue and deme Wheþer þat þou be ille or good.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mel.(Manly-Rickert)B.2825-31 : The substance of a man is ful good, whan synne is nat in mannes conscience..certes he sholde nat be called a gentil man, that after god and good conscience..ne dooth his diligence and bisynesse to kepen his goode name.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pars.(Manly-Rickert)I.979 : Alle thise thynges..engreggen the conscience of man.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)1.1236 : This vice of Inobedience, Ayein the reule of conscience Al that is humble he desalloweth.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)2.2390 : I am..Al gulteles; bot of my thoght Mi conscience excuse I noght.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)8.294 : For..concupiscence, Withoute insihte of conscience, The fader..caste..His oghne doghter forto spille.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Mch.(Manly-Rickert)E.1635 : He seyde his spirit was at ese..'Saue o thyng priketh in my conscience.'
- a1400(c1300) NHom.(1) Monk fr.Death (Phys-E)32 : My conciens..schawed thar ful openlye, That I led mi lif wrangwislie.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)3.297 : Ac kynde loue shal come ȝit, and conscience, togideres.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)4.80 : Conscience and þe comune knowen þe sothe.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)5.546 : Conscience and kynde witte kenned me to his place.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)15.32 : Whan I chalange or chalange nouȝte, chepe or refuse, Þanne am I conscience ycalde.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)20.227 : Conscience cryed, 'helpe clergye, or ellis I falle Thorw inparfit prestes and prelates of holicherche.'
- a1425(a1400) PConsc.(Glb E.9 & Hrl 4196)5428 : Conscience þat es called Ynwitt.
- a1425(a1400) PConsc.(Glb E.9 & Hrl 4196)5440 : First sal þair awen conscience Accuse þam þan in Cristes presence.
- a1425(?a1400) Cloud (Hrl 674)44/20 : After þat he haue felt him sterid to þat liif þat is clepid contemplatiue, by þe assent of his counsel & his concience.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)1.pr.4.57 : Fredom of conscience.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)2.pr.7.134 : Ye forsaken the grete worthynesse of concience..and ye seeken yowr gerdouns of the smale wordes of straunge folk.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)4.pr.6.358 : The whiche vices altoreenden her consciences.
- (c1443) Pecock Rule (Mrg M 519)166 : Holy writt seiþ, 'who euer dooþ aȝens his conscience, he bildiþ to helward.'
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Grail (Corp-C 80)18.207 : Myn Consciense me gan to Repreve.
- c1450 How GWife(1) (Lamb 853)198/37 : Trewe in worde & in dede, and in conscience good.
- c1450 How mankinde dooþ (Lamb 853)396 : Þe synnes þat y loued..To Conscience þei adwiten me.
- c1425(a1400) Wycl.Conf.(Dub 245)333 : A prest..knoweþ neiþer wher þis man confessid seye treuþe vpon conscyence or wher þat he be contrite.
- c1425(a1400) Wycl.Conf.(Dub 245)337 : Whenne reson of god shulde moue mennes consciens.
- a1500(c1340) Rolle Psalter (UC 64)2.10 : Ȝoure consciens sais ȝou that ȝe doe wrange.
- a1500(c1340) Rolle Psalter (UC 64)17.18 : God..makis oure consciens to bite vs for oure syn.
- a1500(?a1390) Mirk Fest.(GoughETop 4)2/13 : And allway kepe his concyens clene.
b
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))1 Tim.1.19 : Hauynge feith and good conscience.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mel.(Manly-Rickert)B.2823 : Ye sholden alway doon youre bisynesse to gete yow richesses, so that ye gete hem with good conscience.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)4.917 : I mai wel with sauf conscience Excuse me of necgligence Towardes love.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)5.1847 : He hidde his yhen fro the sihte, And wende wel that he so mihte Excuse his false conscience.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)28059 : Ilkan i rede..þat þai..skir þam sua wit þair in-sight, þair conscience [Glb: conciens] sua clene and bright.
- (1440) *Capgr.St.Norb.(Hnt HM 55)1216 : Þe reulis of clene consciense.
- a1450 Ben.Rule(2) (Vsp A.25)1417 : Be charite & concience clene.
- c1450(c1350) Alex.& D.(Bod 264)989 : For oure kinde consience þat kenneþ us to goode, We..wende fro skaþe.
- c1450 Whos conscians (SeldSup 52)p.41 : Whos conscians be comeryde and be not clene, of oþer men dedis the wars thay wyll deme.
- a1500(?a1390) Mirk Fest.(GoughETop 4)93/3 : Wyth a clene consyens.
c
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)26747 : For qua will noght..Wit scrift þair conscience ma clene [etc.].
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)1.pr.4.278 : They bare me on hande..that I hadde pollut and defouled my conscience with sacrilegie for covetise of dignyte.
- (a1438) MKempe A (Add 61823)5/1 : Þe prest was vexyd in his consciens.
- a1450(1412) Hoccl.RP (Hrl 4866)2693 : Dede of iustice a conscience clerith, Chasyng a-way thoughtes on wrong I-groundid.
d
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Ph.(Manly-Rickert)C.280 : The worm of conscience may agrise Of wikked lyf, thogh it so pryuee be That no man woot ther of but god and he.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)1.554 : Or hastow som remors of conscience..And wailest for thi synne?
- a1425(a1400) PConsc.(Glb E.9 & Hrl 4196)6574 : Þe tend payne es gnawyng with-in Of conscience þat bites als vermyn.
3.
(a) A sense of fairness or justice; scrupulousness, conscientiousness; nice ~, foolish scruples; spiced ~, fastidiousness; bi ~, of ~, in fairness; after god ~, fairly; ~ of God, conscientious devotion to God; (b) haven ~, knouen ~, to have scruples; maken ~ to, have regard for (sth.); meven in ~, appeal to (one's) sense of justice; (c) ayens laue and ~, contrary to law and justice; etc.
Associated quotations
a
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Roy 1.B.6)1 Pet.2.19 : Forsothe this is grace, if for conscience of God ony man suffrith sorewes..suffringe uniustly.
- (c1387-95) Chaucer CT.Prol.(Manly-Rickert)A.526 : He wayted after no pompe and reuerence, Ne maked hym a spiced conscience, But Cristes loore..He taughte.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Fri.(Manly-Rickert)D.1438-41 : What I may gete in conseil pryuely, No manere conscience of that haue I.Nere myn extorcioun, I myghte nat lyuen..Stomak ne conscience ne knowe I noon; I shrewe thise shrifte fadres euerychon.
- (a1402) Trev.DCur.(Hrl 1900)46/15 : Ȝif þei made conscience to þe menyng of þe lawe, þei schulde enforme hem [etc.].
- (1456-7) *Plea & Mem.R.Lond.GildhA 81.m.5 : He meoued hym in conscience þat he did to hym and to all þe tenauntes..grete wrong.
b
- (c1387-95) Chaucer CT.Prol.(Manly-Rickert)A.398 : Ful many a draughte of wyn hadde he drawe..whil that the chapman sleep. Of nyce conscience took he no keep.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)1.595 : A man which feigneth conscience..and is noght so withinne.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)4.3174 : Upon youre conscience, Min holi fader, demeth ye!
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)5.2881 : Upon gold here conscience Thei founde..And thus with falswitnesse..Thei winne hem mete.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.WB.(Manly-Rickert)D.435 : Ye sholden be al pacient and meke And han a swete spiced conscience, Sith ye so preche of Iobes pacience.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)5.335 : Þei couth nouȝte, bi her conscience, acorden in treuthe.
- (1404) Will York in Sur.Soc.4527 : Yf any creature..swere yt y aught hym any good, and seme to zowre conscience that there mater is trewe, let hem be paied.
- a1450(?c1421) Lydg.ST (Arun 119)3984 : Ȝif she myght enclyne Ethiocles, of conscience and ryght, To kepe couenaunt.
- (1423) RParl.4.248b : Lest hit shuld ne a charge unto oure conscience for to occupie forth lenger the said Douair.
- (1428) Doc.in Sur.Soc.8510 : I pray you..yat yhe will deme yis matier after gude conscience, and as yhe trow yat God wyll yerof be most plesed.
- (1439) Doc.in Collect.Topogr.515 : To rewarde him bi here goode discrecon and concience.
- c1440 PLAlex.(Thrn)38/32 : Alexander..was na thynge trubbled..so mekill he tristede of þe conscience of his phisician.
- (1441) Indent.Oxf.in RS 50.2525 : Thomas Smyth and Davy Dyker..sowrne upon a book before John Wykam þe bedyll, to preyse everythyng as hyt was worth, be there conscience.
- (a1444) Doc.in Morsbach Origurk.29 : To demene the sayd mater, as good feyth and consienns required.
- c1475(c1399) Mum & S.(1) (Cmb Ll.4.14)2.81 : Ho-so had kunnynge and conscience bothe..þe lawe to susteyne, Whane þe pore pleyned þat put were to wrongis.
c
- (1426) Paston2.27 : I have no maner cause in lawe ne in conscience to drede aught in this matier.
- (1432-3) Pet.Chanc.in Seld.Soc.10130 : The seid Thomas hath..taken alle the hole profitz, contrarie to lawe, conscience, and the wille of the seid William.
- (a1443) Proc.Chanc.in Cal.PCEliz.1.p.xxxi : To oppresse and fynalli to distroye yor seid suppliant, ayens conscience and lawe.
- (?1450) Doc.Trade in BRS 793 : To discharge youre seid besecher utterly of the maters above rehersed, as lawe and consiens requyreth.
4.
Tenderness of conscience, solicitude; anxiety; ben in ~, to feel uneasy.
Associated quotations
- (c1387-95) Chaucer CT.Prol.(Manly-Rickert)A.150 : Soore wepte she if oon of hem were deed..And al was conscience and tendre herte.
- c1430(c1386) Chaucer LGW (Benson-Robinson)1255 : O sely wemen, ful of innocence, Ful of pite, of trouthe, and conscience, What maketh yow to men to truste so?
- (1467) Paston (Gairdner)4.275 : The seyd Master Brakley owt for to be in gret consyens for syche thyngys as he had doone and seyd.
- (1467-8) Close R.in Campbell Chancellors 1457 : The King willed..that all manere maters..should be directed and determined accordyng to equite and conscience.
- c1475(?c1451) Worcester Bk.Noblesse (Roy 18.B.22)34 : King Lowes, haveng grete conscience that he heelde bethout title of right the duchie of Normandie..toke a trewis withe king Henry the thridde.