Middle English Dictionary Entry
abīen v.
Entry Info
Forms | abīen v. Also h)aby(e, abuie, abei(e, abiǧǧen, abuǧ(ǧ)en, abeǧ(ǧ)en. Forms: sg. 3 abī(e)th, abuið, abeith, abiǧǧeth; pl. abīen, abiǧǧeth, abuǧ(ǧ)eð, abeǧeð; subj. abīe, abuǧǧe, abuh; impv. abī; p. abo(u)ghte, aboute; ppl. abo(u)ght, about. |
Etymology | OE ābycgan, ābohte. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
Note: Cp. bīen.
1.
(a) To buy or pay for (sth.), obtain at the cost of labor or suffering; ~ bargain, pay for a purchase; fig. pay the penalty for an action; ~ time, pay interest on money; ~ dere (bitter(li, sore), to buy dearly, pay a high price for; (b) to redeem (mankind, a man, man's soul) from the Devil; also, to save (the Church) by suffering; (c) to pay back, take revenge for (a wrong); (d) to make a bargain or a purchase; fig. to incur a penalty.
Associated quotations
a
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)12298 : He wes in anne wude..æfter ane bare; he hine abohte ful sære.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)12509 : We habbeð..monie þusend punde..ah heo beoð ful deore aboht.
- a1200 PMor.(Trin-C B.14.52)146 : Swines brade is wel swete..Ac al to diere he hit abuið [Lamb: abuh], þe ȝiefð þar-fore his swiere.
- c1225(?c1200) HMaid.(Bod 34)26/417 : Þu schalt..tin anes dale bruken ofte wið bale & bitterliche abuggen.
- a1250 Orison Lord (Lamb 487)185 : Nis nan blisse, soþes, inan þing þet is utewið þet ne beo to bitter aboht [Nero: abowt].
- c1300 SLeg.Becket (Hrl 2277)p.4 : Me ne hurde nevere more Ne telle of womman..that love abouȝte so sore.
- c1300 SLeg.Becket (LdMisc 108)1448 : Deore abouȝte he heuene; wel auȝte he come þerto.
- c1330(?c1300) Amis (Auch)629 : Mi loue schal be ful dere abouȝt.
- 1372 A sory beuerech (Adv 18.7.21)1 : A Sory beuerech it is, & sore it is abouth.
- (c1385) Chaucer CT.Kn.(Manly-Rickert)A.3100 : And God..Sende hym his loue that hath it deere aboght.
- c1390 Off a trewe loue (Vrn)44 : His loue in þin herte bynde þat haþ þi loue so deore abouȝt.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)3.306 : And thenk how I thi love abeie [rime: deie].
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)13.376 : And who so borweth [vr. borwed] of me, aboute [vr. he bouȝte] þe tyme.
- a1450(?c1421) Lydg.ST (Arun 119)2780 : Ful ofte he swoor..That it [Thebes] shal first ful der be abouht.
- c1430(c1386) Chaucer LGW (Benson-Robinson)1387 : He that hath abought his love full dere.
- c1440 Degrev.(Thrn)454 : He sall þe bargan haby Þat did me þis velany.
- a1450 Where-of is mad (Dgb 102)96 : All we bere And ȝoure bargayn dere abye.
- c1450(c1390) Chaucer Ven.(Benson-Robinson)26 : Now certis, Love..That men ful dere abye thy nobil thing.
- a1500(?a1400) Firumb.(2) (Fil)327 : To kepe thys tour that we haue dere a-bouȝt.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)125/272 : He might aby the bargan if it were told.
b
- a1275 Doomsday (Trin-C B.14.39)26 : Heo schul iseon þene king þat..uppon þe rode Mid stronge pine abohte Adam & his ofspring.
- a1275 Seinte Mari moder (Trin-C B.14.39)35 : Ihesu crist..þou hauest..monkun wid þi bodi aboust.
- ?a1300 Worldes blis ne last (Dgb 86)p.91 : Thenk wou dere he the abowte On rode with his suete blod.
- c1300 Sayings St.Bern.(LdMisc 108)63 : Man, þu hast..A deoreworþe þing..And ful deore it was abouȝht.
- c1300 SLeg.Becket (LdMisc 108)1168 : Holi churche he [Thomas a Becket] abouȝte [Hrl: aboute] deore.
- a1325(c1280) SLeg.Pass.(Pep 2344)1535 : Lord, þat vs þus deore a-bouȝtest.
- c1330 Otuel (Auch)24 : On ihu crist ne leuede he nouȝt, Þat him hadde so dere a-bouȝt.
c
- c1380 Firumb.(1) (Ashm 33)3072 : Gy of Borgoygne þanne a droȝ þat swerd..Many a Sarsyn þarwith a sloȝ & is takyngge þanne aboȝte.
d
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)27638 : Boccus, nu þu hafst aboht; Beduer þu sloȝe and þi saule scal to-ȝere beon þas wurse iuere.
2.
(a) To pay the penalty for (a crime, an offense); to pay a penalty, suffer for an offense, be punished; (b) to do penance for (one's sins), atone for (one's sins).
Associated quotations
a
- a1126 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.1125 : Hi hafden for don eall þat land mid here micele fals; Þat hi ealle abohton.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)6907 : For ȝiff he lete waxenn þær Awihht off wiþerrstrenncþe..Itt birrde himm wel abiggenn.
- a1225(?c1175) PMor.(Lamb 487)195 : Vre forme fader gult we abuȝeð [Eg(1): abigget; Dgb: abegeð; Jes-O: abuggeð] alle.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)25221 : Heo hit scullen abugge mid heore bare liue.
- a1225(c1200) Vices & V.(1) (Stw 34)103/26 : Ne mai þe helpen non angel, ðat tu ne scalt in to pine and ðar abeggen.
- c1230(?a1200) *Ancr.(Corp-C 402)50a : Dohter, hurte þes þe..loke..hu he hit schal abuggen.
- ?a1300 Fox & W.(Dgb 86)208 : Al þou most sugge, Oþer elles-wer þou most abugge.
- c1300(?c1225) Horn (Cmb Gg.4.27)110 : We scholden alle deie & þi fader deþ abeie.
- a1350(1307) Execution Fraser (Hrl 2253)63 : Duere he shal abugge þat he bigon batayle.
- c1330(?c1300) Guy(1) (Auch)1448 : His deþ þou schalt wel sore abigge [Cai: abeye].
- c1350(a1333) Shoreham Poems (Add 17376)93/216 : Þe wykkede ensaumple þat þou ȝefst, Þou abeyst.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)73 : Hit behoueþ zuo dyere abegge onlepy dyadlich zenne.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)2790 : Þe boye þat þe barge ȝemes abeye schold sore.
- c1380 Firumb.(1) (Ashm 33)579 : Ac for þou mentest me þilke stroke..þov schalt abigge [orig.draft: abie] it al so hot.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Dc 369(1))Job 20.18 : He shal abie [WB(2): suffre peyne for; L luet] alle thingus that he dide.
- c1390 PPl.A(1) (Vrn)3.236 : Heo þat gripeþ heore ȝiftus..Þei schullen a-Bugge [vrr. abigge, abye] bitterly.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)2.3022 : Thi false bodi schal abye And soffre that it hath deserved.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Sum.(Manly-Rickert)D.2155 : Thow shalt abye this fart, if that I may.
- a1400 Cursor (Göt Theol 107)7816 : Þat sal he sone ful dere abi.
- c1400(?a1300) KAlex.(LdMisc 622)2967 : He swore hij shulden sore abygge [vr. abugge] Wiþ sharp launce and swerdes egge.
- c1410(c1350) Gamelyn (Hrl 7334)816 : He schal it abegge þat broughte þertoo.
- a1425(?c1350) Ywain (Glb E.9)1610 : Al was treson and trechery: And þat he sal ful dere haby.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)5976 : She shal abye that trespas ful dere.
- (?a1443) Proc.Chanc.in Cal.PCEliz.1.p.xxxiii : They shall abye upon their bodies and be nayled with arrowes.
- (c1449) Pecock Repr.(Cmb Kk.4.26)331 : Lete it abie which is gilti.
- a1450(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.1 (Lamb 131)3482 : Þat vilenye ȝe schulle abye!
- a1450(1412) Hoccl.RP (Hrl 4866)2803 : Is ther no lawe þis to remedie? ..This londe shal it repent and sore abye.
- a1450 Castle Persev.(Folg V.a.354)1107 : What caytyf of al my kende wyl not bowe, he schal a-byn.
- c1460(?c1400) Beryn (Nthld 55)593 : Þat he shuld abigg With strokis hard & sore, even oppon the rigg.
- a1475 Friar & B.(Brog 2.1)p.54 : But yf thou kane excus the better, Thou schalt abye.
- a1500(?a1400) KEdw.& S.(Cmb Ff.5.48)239 : Whoso dose here sich maistrye, Be þou wel sicur he shall abye.
b
- a1225(c1200) Vices & V.(1) (Stw 34)65/1 : Ðanne ðu habbe ðine sennes al aboht and all bie iclensed..ðurh ða pines ðe ðu þolest.
- ?a1300 Fiftene toknen (Dgb 86)113 : We hit habbeþ about wel stronge Mid bitter pine and mid longe.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)18.386 : Be it any þinge abouȝte, þe boldenesse of her synnes, I may do mercy.
- a1450(a1425) Mirk IPP (Cld A.2:Peacock)1898 : Dere þow moste a-bygge þat; Fowrty dayes for þat myschawnce Þow schalt be in penaunce.
3.
(a) To suffer because of (sth.), pay the penalty for (someone else's action or offense); -- also with for; (b) to endure (cruelty, punishment, torment), incur or suffer (someone's anger).
Associated quotations
a
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)11661 : He hatede Maximien; þat abohte momi [read: moni] mon.
- a1275 Þene latemeste dai (Trin-C B.14.39)64 : Nou þou salt, wrecche, liggen ful stille, ac ig sal þine gultis abugen ful ille.
- c1300 SLeg.Becket (Hrl 2277)p.83 : And for the bischopes were to nesche bifore me..Here folie ich mot nou abigge.
- c1300 SLeg.Becket (LdMisc 108)1456 : I-chulle me of is cunne a-wreke; heo schullen a-bugge some.
- c1330(?a1300) Arth.& M.(Auch)238 : Þer fore was contek & striif, & mani it abouȝt wiþ þe liif.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Co.(Manly-Rickert)A.4393 : His maister shal it in his shoppe abye, Al haue he no part of the mynstralcye.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)2.2153 : And that aboghten gulteles Bothe Deianire and Hercules.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)5.5516 : In his hous ther schal nothing lacke, And that fulofte abyth the packe Of povere men that duelle aboute.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)9.142 : Here abouȝt þe barne þe belsyres gultes.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)5.689 : Þe first auctor goth not quite allone, But many oþer his offence abeith.
- a1475 In place (Hrl 3954)212 : I am gylty, & þou abeyst For my wykydnesse.
- c1430(c1386) Chaucer LGW (Benson-Robinson)2483 : For unto Phillis yit ne com he nought; And that hath she so harde and sore abought..She was hire owene deth.
- a1450 7 Sages(3) (Cmb Dd.1.17)1209 : What he spendid he nouȝt rought, And that hys nek sore abought.
- a1450 SLeg.Fran.(2) (Bod 779)586 : Here harde hosebonde nolde I-leue here nouȝt, & þat haþ þis good wif ful mony a tyme a-bouȝt.
- a1475 Against Lollards (Vsp B.16)p.244 : For many a man withyn a while Shal aby his [the captain's] gult ful sore.
- a1500(?a1400) Morte Arth.(2) (Hrl 2252)2523 : Syr mordreit they to steward chese; That many A bolde sythen A-bought.
b
- (c1385) Chaucer CT.Kn.(Manly-Rickert)A.2303 : Keep me fro Thy vengeaunce and thyn ire That Attheon aboughte cruelly.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)1.103 : Achilles..Whos cruelte Troiens sore abouȝt.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)5.1756 : His ire, day and nyght, Ful cruwely the Grekis ay aboughte.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)2.pr.4.11 : Thow..abyest thus the torment of thi false opynioun.
- a1475 Lordyngis dygne (Hrl 3954:W&H)p.63 : Here he hadde the destenee That the poure man xulde abe.
- (a1438) MKempe A (Add 61823)133/16 : Yf I be fowndyn gylty, I wyl abeyn ȝowr correccyon.
.
To await (an event) [= abiden v., sense 7.(a), to which these examples likely belong.]
Associated quotations
- a1425 Christ.Belief (LoC 4)10/353 : Þe holy men of þe hold laghe .. were in þe free preson of hell abiand [?read: abidand] þe to-come of Ihesu Crist.
- a1425 Christ.Belief (LoC 4)14/549 : In þe prisun of hell þat was called Abraham[s] bosom .. were all þe gode patrarches and prophetes and oither gode halougthes of þe olde laugh .. abiand [?read: abidand] þe come of Ihesu Crist.