Middle English Dictionary Entry
compellen v.
Entry Info
Forms | compellen v. |
Etymology | L & OF |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) To coerce or force (sb. to do sth.); compelled (bi force), under duress; (b) to force or induce (sb.); -- with to phrase.
Associated quotations
a
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)2.159 : Children in scole..beeþ compelled for to leue hire owne langage and for to construe hir lessouns..in Frensche.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)5.105 : Dioclisianus compelled hym somtyme, and he assentede forto do sacrefice to mawmettis.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)16a/a : Þey makeþ hemsilf subiect to god obedientliche & nouȝt compelled.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)145a/a : Þe male smytiþ and betiþ hire, and compelliþ hire to sette hire selue vpon þe briddes.
- ?a1425(a1415) Wycl.Lantern (Hrl 2324)88/21 : Þei bringen forþe bookis to compelle þe peple for to swere on hem.
- (1417) Let.in Ellis Orig.Let.ser.2.158 : Hee was compelled by force to yeeld himselfe to your peace.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)1.pr.4.124 : Basilius..is now compelled in accusynge of my name for nede of foreyne moneye.
- (1432) Proc.Chanc.in Cal.PCEliz.1.p.xxviii : The which thynges..I..stondyng atte large, not constrained ne compelled..say nowe and declare..that thay be fals and untrewe.
- (a1438) MKempe A (Add 61823)99/5 : Þerfor þei..preyid hir, and in a maner compellyd hir, to comyn hom to hem.
- (a1438) MKempe A (Add 61823)114/12 : Þe Meyr & þe worschepful men of þe town, compellyng hem to sweryn ȝyf þe forseyd creatur wer a woman of þe ryth feyth.
- (a1460) Vegetius(2) (Pmb-C 243)443 : Smyte in the face or breste..Compelle fle..if that he bide.
- c1425 Wycl.Antichr.(2) (Dub 245)p.cxvi : Whenne cristen men weren compellid bi exilyngis, betyngis & deþis to make sacrifice to ydols.
- a1500(?a1430) Lydg.Pilgr.(Stw 952(1))17000 : Tho betynges and Skowrynges that Compellyn a Chylde to declyne ffrom his trespacys.
b
- ?c1450 St.Cuth.(Eg 3309)599 : It befell þair fadirs dyed; Þair frendes..Compeld þaim to þair erytage, Þof all þai were with in age.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)42/224 : Chylderyn of God..were synfully compellyd to caymys blood.
2.
Of circumstances: (a) to constrain or impel (sb. to do sth.), make (sth. happen); ben compelled, be under a necessity, be forced (to do sth.); compelled of necessite; (b) to induce or constrain (sb. to action); (c) of a condition: to cause (sth. to happen).
Associated quotations
a
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))2 Mac.6.18 : Eleasarus..was compellid [L compellebatur] for to ete swynys flesh.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)290b/b : Þe leonesse..whelpeþ ar hire children ben perfyte..and is compelled þerto by gret ache.
- (a1402) Trev.DCur.(Hrl 1900)47/17 : Lest y be..conpelled by nede for to stele & forswere þe name of my God.
- ?a1425(a1415) Wycl.Lantern (Hrl 2324)4/9 : Who þat wole not resceyue Crist in peyne of synne, he is compellid & constreyned to resceyue anticrist.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)4.5340 : I am now þoruȝ myn aduersite Bounde & compelled of necessite..to make redempcioun.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)5.pr.4.105 : Is ther thanne any necessite..that constreynith or compelleth any of thilke thingis to ben don so?
- (a1438) MKempe A (Add 61823)55/17 : Þis creatur, sumdel for drede..compellyd, dede as he preyd hir & telde hym hir felyngys.
- (c1438) MKempe B (Add 61823)237/22 : Nede compellyd hir to abydyn hem & prolongyn hir jurne.
- (c1443) Pecock Rule (Mrg M 519)444 : Oure vndirstonding or resoun may not consente to eny þing it to be trewe but if þerto be euydencis forto so consente mouyng, ȝhe and compelling.
- c1450(a1400) Orolog.Sap.(Dc 114)353/13 : I am compellid forto saye with þe wise man: Modicum laboraui.
- ?c1450 St.Cuth.(Eg 3309)2494 : Þe feendis..send him fandyngs many ma, To compell him fra farne to ga.
- ?c1450 St.Cuth.(Eg 3309)4867 : Sone aftir þat..he was compelled to ȝelde þe gaste.
b
- c1390(?c1350) SVrn.Leg.(Vrn)71/601 : Atte laste he hit tok [i.e. the bishopric]; Sumwhat compelled he was þerto.
- c1450 Capgr.St.Kath.(Arun 396)2.970 : For to haue reule, thei were compelled þer-too, To chese a leedere.
c
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)225b/b : Þe kynde is..so hoot þat he compelliþ appelis for to rype.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)252a/a : Þe gomme..whan þe rynde is slitte, is compelled to come oute som and som.
3.
Of laws, conventions: (a) to obligate (sb. to do sth.); ben compelled, be obliged or obligatory; (b) ben compelled to, be liable to (a levy, an investigation).
Associated quotations
a
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Gal.2.3 : Nether Tyte..was compellid [L compulsus] for to be circumsidid.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)1.247 : Knyȝtes, after þey were sixty wynter olde, were noȝt compelled [Higd.(2): constreynede; L cogebantur] forto do deedes of armes.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pars.(Manly-Rickert)I.592 : If..the lawe compelle yow to swere, thanne rule yow after the lawe of god in youre sweryng.
b
- (1435) RParl.4.487a : That no persone so onys examyned..be not compellyd to non othir examination for the seide Graunte.
- (1435) RParl.487b : Yat the lay poeple of the Toune of Andever..nor the lay poeple of the Citee of Lincoln..to the paiement of the halfe of the seide xvme and xme..in eny wise be artud or compellud.
- ?1435 Lond.Chron.Jul.(Jul B.2)55 : We were compelled to sewe the same Apele in the same manere as ye were compellid to yeve the Juggement ayens the Duk off Gloucestre.
4.
Misc. uses: (a) to urge (sb.), adjure; (b) to make (sb.) conform; (c) to press upon (an enemy); (d) to take (sth.) by force, requisition.
Associated quotations
a
- c1460(a1449) Lydg.St.Austin (Hrl 2255)222 : Blissid Austyn the careyn gan compelle: 'In Iesu name..What that thu art trewly for to telle.'
- a1475(?a1430) Lydg.Pilgr.(Vit C.13)10027 : But I be-seche yow off O thyng, Yiff I durste yow compelle, O word that ye lyst me telle.
b
- 1447 Bokenham Sts.(Arun 327)1907 : My mete is inuysible & my drynk celestyal..Werfore to þy tabernacle compelle not me.
c
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)3.1373 : [The Greeks] been of newe entrid in bataille..Þat meȝtely Troyens þei compelle, In her weye þat þai dar nat dwelle.
d
- a1500(c1465) SEChron.(Lamb 306)76 : The quene..compelled..and distroyed all maner of cattell, vetayll, and riches.