Middle English Dictionary Entry
after- pref.
Entry Info
Forms | after- pref. Also efter-. |
Etymology | Some of these cpds. were current in OE; others were formed in ME, partly on the native pattern, partly on the model of L cpds. (or phrases) containing post-, re-, sub- or of OF cpds. containing après-. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
Verbal cpds.: (a) ~ bending, the second bending, a bending back (of a bow); prob., the shaping process which gives the ends a curvature the reverse of that at the center; ~ berende, bearing later, pregnant; ~ blismed, ~bredand, ~ brodden, of ewes: late-bred, bred after the others; ~ bought, paid for afterward, atoned for; (b) ~ comend, a successor; ~ coming, ger. a sequel or consequence; ppl. subsequent; (c) ~ earnien, seek to earn or deserve (sth.); (d) ~ folwen, follow (sb.) in time; ~ folwing, ~ folwande, following, subsequent; (e) ~ gengen, follow (sb.), pursue; (f) ~ named, ~ nevened, named further on, named below; (g) ~ wending, act of following; ~ writen, written below.
Associated quotations
a
- a1200 Trin.Hom.(Trin-C B.14.52)81 : Shune lustliche wil, for þat it dereð swiðe and beð afterboht mid bitere sor.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Dc 369(1))Ps.77.70 : He bar hym vp fro the flockis of shep; fro the aftir berende blet [WB(2): fro bihynde scheep with lambren; L de post foetantes] he toc hym.
- a1400 NVPsalter (Vsp D.7)77.76 : He ches Dauyd..Ofe after blismed [vrr. afterbredand, afterbrodded; L post foetantes] him name he.
- (c1420) Mem.Bk.York in Sur.Soc.120199 : Quod quilibet taskeman recipiat pro chippyng cujuslibet centene arcuum xvj d..pro bendyng cujuslibet centene v s..et pro afterbendyng cujuslibet centene xx d.
b
- a1300(OE) Deed Crediton (CotR 2.11)115 : Hich egger bischob be-bude alle mine afthercomende to cridintones ministre.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Dc 369(1))Ecclus.3.32 : The wis herte..in werkes of riȝtwisnesse welsum aftercomyngus [WB(2): prosperitees; L successus] shal han.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Dc 369(1))Ecclus.11.17 : The ȝyuyng of God abidith stille to riȝtwis men; and the profitus of it welsum aftircomyngus shuln han in to withoute ende.
- (c1454) Pecock Fol.(Roy 17.D.9)80/9 : In þe same wise it is to be felid..of ech oþir moral vertu and of his bifore goyng and aftir comyng deedis.
c
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)128/14 : Þa pine ne woniæð þam monnum þe heom nu æfter earniæð.
d
- ?a1200(?OE) PDidax.(Hrl 6258b)3/17 : Plato and Aristotiles..æfterfyliȝdun þas forecwedenan læcum.
- (1421) Indent.Catterick in Archaeol.J.758 : Ye fest of seint Joh'n Baptist yen next eftir folowande in ye same ȝere.
- c1450 Ponthus (Dgb 185)48/6 : The next tuysday he shuld feght with Geffray de Lazynyen, and the next aftre folloying with Landry de La Toure.
- (c1454) Pecock Fol.(Roy 17.D.9)80/7 : Of þe moral vertu which is meeknesse, and of his bifore goyng and aftir folewyng werkis.
e
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)30421 : Þa fleh Cadwalan þe king, and Edwine him after gende mid allen his imihten.
f
- c1440 Thrn.Med.Bk.(Thrn)56/18 : Þan may men helpe þam..with medcyns after neuennede.
- a1525(?1474) Cov.Leet Bk.390 : The wich persones after-named graunted..a C marke to the prince.
g
- c1400(?a1300) KAlex.(LdMisc 622)7273 : Hij trussen alle in þe daweynge, And maken swiþe after wendynge.
- c1440 Thrn.Med.Bk.(Thrn)70/6 : Anoynt it with þis oynement after wretyn.
2.
Noun cpds.: (a) ~ cast, a plan made after the event [cp. forecast]; ~ char, a turning back, return; ~ chaunce, events which may follow, consequences; ~ clap, a later stroke (of misfortune), an adverse or unfortunate consequences; ~ comer, a successor or descendant; pl. posterity; (b) ~ diner, the time after the noon meal, afternoon; (c) ~ ende, rear end, tail; ~ even, the latter part of the evening, late evening; (d) ~ fal, subsequent ruin; (e) ~ game, second game, ?return match; ~ genge, ~ gengel, a successor; (f) ~ kinrede, distant relatives; (g) ~ lithe [OE æftera līþa], the second mild month, July; (h) ~ mater, a later matter, a sequel; ~ mede, a reward that follows; ~ mese, ?a later Mass; ?a later course of a meal; ~ mete, q.v.; ~ milk, juice obtained by a second pressing; (i)~ non, q.v.; (j) ~ part, the hinder part, the rear or back; the stern (of a ship), poop; ~ peril, later danger, unfortunate consequences; (k) ~ reward, a reward that follows; (l) ~ ship, the stern of a ship, poop; ~ skol, an oar used at the stern of a ship, a scull; ~ soper, the time after supper, evening; ~ stroke, a counter-blow, return stroke; (m) ~ taille, a later reckoning, the consequences; ~ tale, subsequent talk or dispute; ~ teller, one who repeats a story told by another; ~ throw, pain following childbirth; ~ to-come, the second coming of Christ; (n) ~ variaunce, a later disagreement or dispute; (o) ~ ward, the rearguard; ~ wark, a later work or creation; ~ win, wine from a second pressing of the grapes.
Associated quotations
a
- c1330(?a1300) Arth.& M.(Auch)499 : Of afterclap he hadde care, Þat he schuld forfare.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)4.904 : Whan the grete Stiede Is stole, thanne he..makth the stable dore fast: Thus evere he pleith an aftercast Of al that he schal seie or do.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)21922 : Qua-sum be-for will noght be-warr, He sal find þan nan efter-char [Frf: ofter charre; Trin-C: ȝeyn char].
- c1400(1375) Canticum Creat.(Trin-O 57)477 : I drede me he shel him sle; Þerfore sondred shel þeȝ be For drede of after clap.
- (?c1412) Hoccl.Carpenter (Hnt HM 111)20 : I so sore ay dreede an aftir clap.
- (?c1422) Hoccl.ASM (Dur-U Cosin V.3.9)243 : My dayes I despente in vanitee..Of thaftirclap insighte had no man lasse.
- a1425(a1382) WBible(1) (Corp-O 4)Gen.26.4 : Y shal ȝyue to thin aftir comers [WB(2): eyris; L posteris] alle thes regiouns.
- a1425(a1382) WBible(1) (Corp-O 4)Lev.23.42 : Eche that is of the lynage of Yrael shal dwelle in tabernaclis, that ȝoure aftercomers leernen that in tabernaclis Y have made to dwelle the sones of Yrael.
- a1425 Arth.& M.(LinI 150)297/446 : Sire Fortager..douted him of after-clap.
- c1425 Found.St.Barth.2/18 : He encresid dayly to hymself..to his enemyes peyne, to his aftircummers ioye.
- c1425 Found.St.Barth.33/15 : Moyses..taught vs how we shulde answere to oure aftir cummers askyng vpone oure sacramentis.
- 1448 *Glo.Chron.C (Arms 58:Kooper)f.99v : Byþynketh how vuell and how vncouenable it is þat a man of short lyf shal yeue an yuell ensample long duryng to his aftercomers.
- 1448 *Glo.Chron.C (Arms 58:Kooper)f.125v : At the ende of the boke of these Northumbre kynges, sumwhat may me see iwrite in mynde to aftercomers in honour of wurshipfull Bede.
- a1450(1412) Hoccl.RP (Hrl 4866)855 : Age..Qwenchiþ youre loue & youre beneuolence..That after-clap in my mynde so deepe Yfycched is..Þat al my ioye & myrthe is leyde to slepe.
- c1450(a1425) MOTest.(SeldSup 52)5184 : Þen to hym can þei draw for dowt of aftur chaunce.
- (1469) Paston (Gairdner)5.12 : Thynk of after clappes and have provysion in all your work.
- a1475 I not what (Hrl 5396)77 : But ȝet be war of after clappys.
- a1500 Theoph.(RwlPoet 225)p.13 : In chaffaring of mys happe, Witnesse is good for after clappe.
b
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Sh.(Manly-Rickert)B.1445 : At after dyner daun Iohn sobrely This chapman took a part.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Fkl.(Manly-Rickert)F.918 : At after dyner gonne they to daunce.
c
- a1200 Trin.Hom.(Trin-C B.14.52)199 : Ure left eare we ditteð mid ure after ende.
- (a1440) Let.Coventry in EHR 55642 : On aftur even.
- c1450(c1430) Brut-1430 (Glb E.8)427/6 : On the efter-euyne nexte sewynge.
d
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)3.1996 : Þei nat koude of necligence se Þe aftir-fal of her felicite.
e
- a1121 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.675 : Ða seide se kyning..Ðas landes ic gife..swa þæt nan min æftergengles þær nan þing of ne nime..Ic Saxulf, þe wæs first abbot..gife hi min curs & ealle min æftergengle þe þis tobreket.
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)140/9 : His apostoli & heoræ æfterȝengæn arærden monie men of deaþe.
- a1500 ?Ros Belle Dame (Cmb Ff.1.6)523 : And also he leseth his after game, That surely cannot sette his poyntes double.
f
- c1415 Chaucer CT.Mel.(Lnsd 851)B.2565 : Ȝoure kinred is bot after kinrede [vr. a fer kynrede] þat bien bot litil sibbe to ȝowe.
g
- c1225(?c1200) St.Marg.(1) (Bod 34)52/32 : I þe moneð þet ure ledene, þet is ald Englis, Efterliðe [Roy: Efterlið] inempnet, & Iulium o Latin.
h
- 1381 Pegge Cook.Recipes (Dc 257)p.121 : Tak the mylk of the Hasel Notis, boyl the wete wyth the aftermelk til it be dryyd..and the ferst mylk cast thereto and boyle wel.
- c1440 Thos.Ercel.(Thrn)535 : Forryours furthe sall flee On a Sonondaye byfore þe messee; Seuene thowsandes sothely sall be slayne..Carefull sall be þe after mese.
- (1461) Paston (Gairdner)3.249 : Yowr letter was delyveryd to me..and therfor I brak yowr letter, if ther wer any aftr mater.
- 1532-1897(c1385) Usk TL (Thynne:Skeat)110/135 : Free wil of good herte after-mede deserveth.
j
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)7 : Aftyr parte of a beste or the hyndyr, or the crowpe: Clunis. Aftyr parte or hynder parte of the schyppe.
- a1450(1419) Loke how Flaundres (Dgb 102)48 : Þurgh suche foly Flaundres be-gan; Of after perile þey tok non hede.
- (1451) Capgr.St.Gilb.(Add 36704)125/24 : A chanon had swech peyne in his nek and þe aftir part of his hed.
k
- 1532-1897(c1385) Usk TL (Thynne:Skeat)109/123 : Every thing thus doon sufficiently by lawe, that is cleped justice, [may] after-reward clayme.
l
- (1356) *Pipe Roll (PRO) 30 Edw.III m.39d [OD col.] : Afterskolles.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Sq.(Manly-Rickert)F.302 : At after soper gooth this noble kyng To seen this hors of bras.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Fkl.(Manly-Rickert)F.1219 : At after soper fille they in tretee, What somme sholde this maistres gerdoun be.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)39a/b : Þe formest partie [of the brain] hatte prora a latyn, as it were þe foreschippe, & þe hindemest hatte puppis, as it were þe aftirschippe.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)158a/a : Þe aftir shippe is y brok by hynde.
- a1500 The man that wol (Hrl 3542)p.309 : Greve not gretly thov thou be tochyd a lyte, For an after stroke ys better yf thou dar hym smyte.
m
- a1225(OE) Lamb.Hom.Pentec.(Lamb 487)95 : He demað stiðne dom..on his efter to-come, þet is, on domes deie.
- c1300 SLeg.Becket (LdMisc 108)627 : Þe king het seint thomas a-non, and þe oþere bischopus al-so, On þis chartre heore seles sette, þat non aftur-tale nere.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)58 : Yef hi spekþ bisye wordes of ham þet zuo bleþeliche telleþ tidyinges, þet zetteþ ofte hare herte to mesayse of ham þet his yhereþ and makeþ þe efter telleres ofte by yhyea[l]de foles and uor lyeȝeres.
- c1450 Med.Bk.(1) (Med-L 136)202/646 : It will do away the after throwes, if wymmen drynk itt.
- a1500 Euery mane in (BodPoet e.1)p.259 : Yf thou do by my counsayll, Thynke well on the after-tayll.
n
- a1525(?1472) Cov.Leet Bk.379 : Will. Bryscow shuld putt-in a bill endented and insealed of thappoyntementes taken betwix the Citee & him, for excludyng after-variaunce.
o
- c1330(?a1300) Arth.& M.(Auch)7736 : To Morgalant, his steward, He bitoke þe afterward & xxv in Sarrazins, Þat schuld him help.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)257a/b : The after wyn þat is y-wronge out of þe grapes hatte vynacioun and vynarium also, And it is as it were drastes of al þe wyn.
- a1450 Yk.Pl.(Add 35290)7/152 : My after warkes sall þai be wyssande.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
Note: Med., etc. (sense 2.(m)), see further J.Norri, Dictionary of Medical Vocabulary, s.v. afterthrows (pl.).