Middle English Dictionary Entry
clerǧīe n.
Entry Info
Forms | clerǧīe n. Also clerǧẹ̄, clargie, cleregie. |
Etymology | OF |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) The clergy (as distinguished from the laity); also, a particular group of clerics; (b) the clergy of a country (as a political class); also, the prelates of the realm, the lords spiritual; (c) the learned men of a country; (d) translating the Latin 'cleris' (pl.) of 1 Peter 5.3 [see note].
Associated quotations
a
- a1300 Hwile wes seynte (Jes-O 29)8 : Symonye Þat muchel del haueþ amerd of þere clergie.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)11812 : Of þe clergie at londone at seint andrewes feste A conseil he made.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)5043 : Þe clergie com him aȝens riȝt gailiche a-tyred.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)21615 : Þe clerge [Frf: clergi]..þat kepers was [Frf: ware] o cristen lai.
- c1450 Alph.Tales (Add 25719)46/31 : He [St. Basil] tuke hym befor alle his clergie & þe pepull.
- (c1454) Pecock Fol.(Roy 17.D.9)54/1 : 'Lawe canoun' or 'lawe of preestis' or 'of þe clergi'.
- ?a1475 PParv.(Win)86 : Clergy, or company of clerkis: Clerus: Clericatus: clerimonia.
- 1483 Cath.Angl.(Monson 168)66 : A Clerge [Add: Clergy]: clerus, clerimonia.
b
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)1.177 : Þe clergie and the chiualrie hilde so to giders þat in þe comyn profiȝt was all way good spede.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)8422 : To be lered him-self to lede, Wit clerge bath and wit knighthede.
- ?a1400(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.2 (Petyt 511)p.28 : Þe baronage & þe clerȝie were somond to Kyngeston.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)prol.116 : The kyng and knyȝthode and clergye bothe Casten þat þe comune shulde hem-self fynde.
- a1450(1401) For drede (Dgb 102)68 : What is a kyngdom tresory?..Riche comouns and wyse clergy.
- a1475(?a1430) Lydg.Pilgr.(Vit C.13)11401 : Carte & plowh, they ber vp al The clergye & the cheualrye.
- a1500 Conq.Irel.(Rwl B.490)65/5 : He Sende for al the clergy of the lond at Casshel.
c
- 1447 Bokenham Sts.(Arun 327)6665 : Lettrys on-to al þe clergye That was wyth-yn hys tyrannye, Chargyng þat alle þe maystrys of gramer And of rethoryk eek..shuld come.
- a1450(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.1 (Lamb 131)7941 : He dide sende after þe clergye, Þe wysest men of astronomye.
d
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Roy 1.B.6)1 Pet.5.3 : Fede ȝe the flok of God..not..as hauynge lordshipe in the clergie [WB(2) identical; L in cleris; Gk. των κλήρων], but maad foorme, or ensaumple, of the flok.
- ?a1425(a1415) Wycl.Lantern (Hrl 2324)97/5 : Neiþir lording in þe clergie but mad in forme to profite of þe flok.
- (c1449) Pecock Repr.(Cmb Kk.4.26)426 : Peter spekith to suche preestis as he was him silf, seiyng to hem thus: Feede ȝe the flok of God that is among ȝou, et caetera, not as hauyng lordschip in the clergie , but that ȝe be mad ensaumple of the flok of wil.
- (c1449) Pecock Repr.(Cmb Kk.4.26)426 : Bischopis and archibischopis han ouerte vpon her nethereris, ȝit thei schulden vse her ouerte not at her owne plesaunce oonli .., but in to the profit and avail of her netherers, as fer forth as the lawe seruying to thilk ouerte wole; and in that thei be not 'holding lordschip' in the clergie , that is to seie, not such lordschip as worldli princis and worldli vndir hem dukis and othere statis ben woned to holde and vse bi tyranry vpon her netherers.
2.
(a) Clerical status or office; (b) law benefit of clergy.
Associated quotations
a
- c1300 SLeg.Becket (LdMisc 108)556 : Ȝif a bonde-man hath ane sone þat to clergie beo i-drawe.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)27251 : Cron þat es o clergi merc.
- c1425(?c1400) Wycl.Apol.(Dub 245)43 : It be howuiþ vs clerks to not mishews þe sygnes of our cleregye.
- a1500 PParv.(Add 37789)81 : Clergie, or office of clerkes: Clericatus.
b
- c1300 SLeg.Becket (LdMisc 108)423 : A preost..Þat of Manslauȝt was bi-cleoped..I-loked him was to puyrgi him þoruȝ clergie, ȝif he miȝte.
3.
(a) Knowledge, learning; doctrine [quot.: c1450]; pure ~, higher learning, theology, divine inspiration; (b) a branch of learning or study, a science; (c) study; learned procedure, scholarly method; learned speech.
Associated quotations
a
- a1300 Floris (Vit D.3)76/79 : Inouȝ þou cuþest of clergie.
- c1300 SLeg.Edm.Abp.(Hrl 2277:Horst.)274 : Al þe clergie..of god, þo he awok, he couþe, Of þe pure stat of crist.
- a1325(c1280) SLeg.Pass.(Pep 2344)1562-66 : Þorw pure clergye þis word com in his þouȝt: Oþer god þoled deþ in fflesch, oþer þe wordles kunde Is ybrouȝt vp þe doun..þorw pure resoun of clergye, he affeng cristendom.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)5396 : By pur clergye [B: clergize; vr. clargie] as riȝte lawes he [Alfred] vond, Þat neuere er nere ymad to gouerny is lond.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)81/31 : Cleregye and wyt byeþ þinges moche yworþssiped.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)7.26 : The nature of Philosophie, Which Aristotle of his clergie, Wys and expert in the sciences, Declareth.
- c1400(?a1300) KAlex.(LdMisc 622)2914 : Of Grece it [Athens] bare þe maistrie Of marchaundise and ek clergie.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)1570 : He schal be prymate and prynce of pure clergye.
- c1400 St.Anne(1) (Min-U Z.822.N.81)2852 : With þam thoght ihesus dispute þe law, At se by clarge yf þai couth knaw Whar criste was born & qwhen.
- ?a1425(a1415) Wycl.Lantern (Hrl 2324)5/29 : Vntauȝt men risen & cacchen heuene, & we wiþ oure clergie ben drowned to helle.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.4858 : Elenus in clergie and science Was wel expert.
- c1425(c1400) Ld.Troy (LdMisc 595)609 : Sche [Medea] coude the science of clergy And mochel of Nigramauncy.
- (1439) in Willis & C.Cambridge 1p.lvi : How gretely ye clergie of this your Reaume, by the which all wysdom, Konnyng, and governaunce standeth, is like to be empeired and febled by the defaute and lak of scolemaistres of gramer.
- (1447) in Willis & C.Cambridge 1p.lxiii : So that..may be founded..Quenes collage to..augmentacion of pure clergie, namely of the Imparesse of alle sciences and facultees, theologie.
- a1450 Spaldyng Katereyn þe curteys (BodR 22)p.540 : Fyfti fyue retorikes in hast þei ham hent, of clargy in kyngdames þe hyest were hythe.
- c1400 Interpol.Rolle Cant.(1) (Bod 288)p.54 : In these articlis of bileeve [Te Deum] is myche fair clergie.
- c1460(?c1400) Beryn (Nthld 55)2749 : The fayrest gardyn..The wich, þurh his [Isope's] clergy, is made of such devise That a man shall ween he is in paradise.
- c1475 Guy(1) (Cai 107/176)90 : They [her masters] hir lerned of astronomye..Of Sophestrie she was also witty, Of Rethoric, and of other clergye.
- a1500(?a1390) Mirk Fest.(GoughETop 4)160/12 : Þeras þay before [Pentecoste]..ryȝt noȝt couþe of clerge, sodenly þay wern þe best clerkes yn all þe world and speken all maner langages.
- a1500(?c1450) Merlin (Cmb Ff.3.11)27 : Notable clerkes..can knowe many thinges be force of clergie that we ne can no skyle on.
b
- c1225(?c1200) St.Kath.(1) (Einenkel)585 : Se monie clerkes..ant se swiðe crefti of alle clergies.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)39/20 : Ine þis clergie heþ dame auarice uele scolers.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)89/28 : Yef ich hedde zuo moche wyt ine me þet ich couþe alle clergyes [Vices & V.(2): clergie].
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)4.2400 : Of naturel Philosophie He fond ferst also the clergie.
- a1400(c1300) NHom.(1) Gosp.(Phys-E)p.101 : Thai couthe..that clergi That clerkes kalles astronomi.
c
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)8693 : Neuereft afterward, þo he king was, He nolde is clergie bileue vor nobleye.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)16/3 : Þe uerþe..[is] sleauþe, þet me clepeþ ine clergie accidye.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)18/3 : A vice þet is y-cleped ine clergie [Vices & V.(2): þat clerkes clepen] ingratitude.
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)9.2941 : The secounde [son] lefft up his clergie.
- a1450(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.1 (Lamb 131)304 : Þys Darda[n]um gaf hym to chiualrie; Mercury gaf him al to clergie.
- c1450(c1405) Mum & S.(2) (Add 41666)300 : Rehershyng þe reasons of bothe two sides..as clergie askith.
- c1450(c1425) Brut-1419 (Cmb Kk.1.12)363/22 : Þe which sterre was named & called be clergie 'Stella comata'.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
Note: Sense 1.(d) was glossed in the print MED as "the whole body of Christian people," which indeed corresponds to some, mostly early Protestant, interpretations of 1 Peter 5.3. The Greek word literally means something like 'lot', hence, that which is allotted or allocated: 'heritage, legacy, allotted office, possession, or charge.' The Vulgate merely Latinizes this as 'clerus' (plural 'in cleris'). Modern translations have tended to interpret the Greek here, in the plural, as denoting the 'charges' given to different priests (e.g. different congretations, parishes, or more abstractly, duties, or spheres of action or authority. A different strand of interpretation, often blended with the foregoing, and often traced to Beza, has identified the 'heritage' involved with the church as a whole, regarded as the 'heritage of God' (rather awkwardly finessing the plural as a collective, or as denoting distinct churches as distinct 'heritages' of God.) This was apparently the interpretation of the English (which simply anglicizes the Latin 'cleris' as 'clergie') adopted by the print MED. However, how the Wycliffite translators interpreted 'cleris,' and therefore what they intended by 'clergie' (or what the Douay translators meant when they used the same rendering) if anything other than a convenient, if ambiguous, substitution, is difficult to say. Pecock clearly intends it to refer to the ecclesiastical hierarchy of bishops and priests (i.e. 'clerics' collectively, MED sense 1.(a)); the Wycliffite 'Lantern' likely intended the same, though a translation of 'in the clergie' as 'by virtue of ecclesiastical office, or 'clergyhood'' (MED sense 2.(a)) cannot be ruled out.