Middle English Dictionary Entry
chẹ̄ven v.
Entry Info
Forms | chẹ̄ven v. Also chieven, chiven, ch(i)efen. |
Etymology | OF ch(i)ever & chevir; partly also from ME achẹ̄ven . |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) To achieve, accomplish, or execute (sth.); attain (one's purpose); (b) to attain to or achieve (a certain state or position); (c) to acquire or obtain (sth.); also, inherit (an estate).
Associated quotations
a
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)2103 : He cheuez þat chaunce at þe chapel grene.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)877/35 : Sette a-side Reste and ese..Til þou haue cheved þe fyn of þin entent.
- (1433) RParl.4.423a : My Lorde of Bedford..chevid many greet and faire thinges worthi to be had in perpetuell remembraunce.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)3098 : Was noȝt Sexes him-selfe þe souereynest in erth, And cheued [vr. chefyd] him of cheualry chekis out-of nombre?
- a1500(1426) Lydg.Hen.VI TP (Hrl 7333)23 : Gladly he chevith what so he begynne.
- a1500 Wars Alex.(Dub 213)2712 : Mynd neuer þe more to mounte þe to pryde For chaunce of no chevallry þat þou chefyd [vr. a-cheued] hase.
b
- a1450 Castle Persev.(Folg V.a.354)3236 : We cum to preve if Man..schal cheve to hell or heuene.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)655 : So cheualus a chiftan he cheuys in a stonde, Þat in anters of armes all men he passes.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)4215 : Sen we chapid out of childhede & cheued to eldire.
c
- (a1333) Herebert Soethþe mon (Add 46919)41 : Boe þe gost urom body reued, Þe bernes sone shulle beon sheued.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)1271 : & I schulde chepen & chose to cheue me a lorde..Þer schulde no freke..bifore yow be chosen.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)1390 : Tas yow þere my cheuicaunce, I cheued no more.
- c1450(a1400) Chev.Assigne (Clg A.2)16 : In langour he laye..That he hadde no chylde to cheuenne his londis..whenne he þe lyf lafte.
2.
To succeed (in doing sth.), be successful; -- often with of, in phrase.
Associated quotations
- c1300 SLeg.Becket (Hrl 2277)p.42 : Mi consail is..to fonde to paye this Kinges wille..Thanne we miȝte..The bet cheve [Ld: a-cheui] of oure consail.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)2092 : & so, þei ssrewe robeours abbe hor wille..& cheui in hor robberie, atte laste hit geþ to grounde.
- (1450) Complaint in War.AM 4182 : The said riottours, seing thay myght nat chiefe of her evell and malicious purposse [etc.].
- c1450(1410) Walton Boeth.(Lin-C 103)p.54 : What þing þat..kepeþ hym noght wiþ-ynne þe course of kynde, He ne cheueþ noght [L non habet exitus] bot faleþ in meschance.
3a.
(a) Of persons: to fare (in a certain way); ~ wel, do well, prosper; ivel mot he ~! bad luck to him!, a curse on him!, etc.; (b) of things: get along, fare; ~ wel, do well, succeed; ~ to nought, come to naught.
Associated quotations
a
- c1390 PPl.A(1) (Vrn)prol.31 : Summe chosen Chaffare to cheeuen þe bettre.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.CY.(Manly-Rickert)G.1225 : Yuele moot he cheue!
- ?a1400(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.2 (Petyt 511)p.146 : Wele mot William cheue & alle þat lufes pes!
- ?a1425(c1400) Mandev.(1) (Tit C.16)98/5 : The sone of a pore man..wisshed þat he myghte cheue wel & to ben happy to marchandise.
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)1841 : Nowe has þow cheuede soo, it is thyn awen skathe.
- c1450(a1449) Lydg.Diet.(Sln 3534)43 : Be tymely at masse, þe better þou shalt cheve.
- a1450 Castle Persev.(Folg V.a.354)148 : Wel mote ȝe cheve! All oure feythful frendys, þus fayre mote ȝe fall!
- a1450 Castle Persev.(Folg V.a.354)3115 : Euyl mote þou scheue.
- c1450(c1350) Alex.& D.(Bod 264)110 : Me is markid to be most of alle oþure; Forþi y chase to cheve as chaunce is me demed.
- ?c1450 St.Cuth.(Eg 3309)421 : Þe childe began so wele to cheue..Slyke honour he began to haue.
- c1455 Spec.Miser.(Tak 32)612 : Thenk how kyng acab chevede.
- a1475 Russell Bk.Nurt.(Hrl 4011)369 : Fayre befalle yow fadur & welle must ye cheve!
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)151/145 : Now fayre babe, wele mut þou cheve!
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)128/398 : Go furth! yll myght thou chefe!
b
- (c1447) Let.Midylton in Lin.NQ 16199 : To wete..how the store that I toke hym chevyth yn hys hand, and whether yt ys encresyd or not.
- c1450(?a1400) Parl.3 Ages (Add 31042)98 : I..sett me oute one a syde to see how it cheuede.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)947 : Thies charmys & enchauntementtes are cheuit to noght.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)2379 : Wate ȝe noȝt..how wirdis with him cheues [Dub: all thyng with hym goys]?
- a1500(?a1425) Lambeth SSecr.(Lamb 501)61/19 : Þy purpos shal wel chefe.
3b.
To thrive, prosper; do well, succeed.
Associated quotations
- c1390 Hose wolde him (Vrn)72 : Whon trouþe him cheues, þat euer is best!
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)18.104 : And ȝe, cherles, & ȝowre children, chieue shal ȝe neuere, Ne haue lordship in londe.
- c1400(?a1387) PPl.C (Hnt HM 137)7.252 : Þat chaffared with my chyuesaunce, cheuede selde after.
- c1400(?a1387) PPl.C (Hnt HM 137)9.249 : A man þat lente Hus seluer to þre manere men..þat þei sholde Chaffare and cheeue þer-with.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)73 : Chevyn or thryvyn: Vigeo.
- (?1440) Palladius (DukeH d.2)3.67 : In lond plesaunt & serenous they [vynes] cheue.
- (?1440) Palladius (DukeH d.2)12.297 : Inoculyng also in hem [trees] hath cheued.
- a1450(1412) Hoccl.RP (Hrl 4866)4471 : Þat so your dedes cheeue As þat your soule..To heuene blisse vp may be take.
- ?c1450 St.Cuth.(Eg 3309)7084 : Ay aftir wele he leuyd, And mare and mare in gudnes cheuyd.
- c1475(c1450) Idley Instr.(Cmb Ee.4.37)2.A.502 : This werke with hym wold not cheve.
- c1475 To have in mynde (Antq 101)p.268 : Scripture saithe, heritage holdyn wrongfully Schal never cheve, ne with the thred heyre remayne.
- a1500 Play Sacr.(Dub 652)61/131 : Ellys mote I nat cheue.
- a1550 *Ripley CAlch.(BodeMus 63)48a : Iff thow dost contrary thy worke may never cheve.
4.
(a) To happen, occur, come about; ~ chaunce, happen by chance; cheve hou it will, come what may; for no chaunce that mai ~, no matter what may happen; ~ to an ende, come to an end; (b) to happen (to sb.), be (one's) fate; him cheveth the worse, worse happens to him, he is worse off; us ~ sore, it grieves us.
Associated quotations
a
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)1125 : If hit cheve þe chaunce, uncheryst ho worþe..No-bot wasch hir wyth worchyp in wyn.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)63 : Þe chauntre of þe chapel cheued to an ende.
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)1117 : Ne had he eschapede þat choppe, cheuede had euyll.
- c1440 Degrev.(Thrn)481 : How-som-euer þat it cheue, Þe knyght takis lis [read: his] leue.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)518 : To speike..Of chiualry & chaunce þat cheuyt hym before.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)708 : I aske you hertely þat ye..ffor no chaunce þat may cheue chaunge your wille.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)1009 : All charge of þis chaunse, chefe how it will, Ercules vppon hond hertely has tane.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)2788 : Vnnethe it cheuyd [vr. chefyd] me þat chance to chape to þe fliȝt.
- c1475(?c1425) Avow.Arth.(Tay 9:French&Hale)380 : Togedur schull we goe, Howsumeuyr hit cheuis!
b
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)14.226 : Þe pore..if he chyde or chatre, hym chieueth [C: chyuyþ, cheueþ] þe worse.
- c1440(a1400) Awntyrs Arth.(Thrn)269 : Whene he es in his mageste hegheste..He salle lighte fulle lawe..Thus ȝoure cheualrous kynge chefe schalle a chaunce.
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)869 : Hade I wyten of this, wele had me chefede.
- a1450 Yk.Pl.(Add 35290)280/242 : Say childe, ill cheffe you!
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)395 : Hym chefet thurghe chaunse childer no mo.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)5985 : Thurghe Achilles chiualry, hom cheuyt the worse.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)403 : Þare sall na chanche þe chefe þe charge of a pese.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)300/835 : Ȝour dolfol cher now cheut [read: cheuith] us sore.
- a1500(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Dub 213)27/739* : Þus shamesly of hys awne childe hym chevyd such end.
5.
To head or proceed (in a certain direction or to a place); get (to a place), arrive.
Associated quotations
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)1674 : I siker my trawþe, Þou schal cheue to þe grene chapel, þy charres to make.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)5972 : Then Achilles the choise cheuyt to land With his shippes in a sheltrun.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)9331 : [We] Oure londes haue leuyt..& chefen fro hom Vnto a cuntre vnkynd.
- c1600(c1350) Alex.Maced.(Grv 60)78 : Hee graythed hym a greate oste..And cheved forthe.
6.
To recognize (sb.) as head or overlord, swear allegiance or be loyal (to sb., to the crown); be faithful (to God); of God: ?acknowledge or reward (sb.); -- with til (to, unto) phrase.
Associated quotations
- c1390 NHom.Narrat.(Vrn)316/350 : Whos euer deþ almus dede To pore folk..To God him self almusdede ȝiues, ffor God him selue to him cheues.
- ?a1400(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.2 (Petyt 511)p.111 : Whan wrathed Steuen with Dauid of Scotland, þat wild not tille him cheuen, no bowe vnto his hand.
- ?a1400(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.2 (Petyt 511)p.286 : Tille his partie gan cheue þe bisshop Oliuere.
- ?a1400(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.2 (Petyt 511)p.323 : Grete was þat linage & many to þam cheued.
- c1450(?1436) Siege Calais (Rome 1306)165 : God..Save Calais..That euer it mot wel cheve Vnto the Crovn of England.
- a1450(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.1 (Lamb 131)15062 : Y ne may Leten oure forfadres lay, Þat we longe on haue y-leued & til oure Godes þer-inne y-cheued.
- a1450(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.1 (Lamb 131)15465 : But þey wolde til him cheue, On oþer halue he schold þem greue.
7.
Of a seed: to bud or sprout.
Associated quotations
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)208a/a : If þou sowest þe seede of a tree, ferst it chieueþ [L pullulat] and springeþ forþ as an herbe.
- (?1440) Palladius (DukeH d.2)3.616 : Septemtrion wol make hem [seeds] latter cheue.