Middle English Dictionary Entry
bǒur n.
Entry Info
Forms | bǒur n. Also bur(e, beur, bor(e; pl. bǒures & (early) bǒure(n, buren. |
Etymology | OE būr |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) A dwelling, house, mansion, cottage; (b) a shelter, den; (c) a bower; (d) a town [blended with burgh].
Associated quotations
a
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)8134 : He wass i cwarrterrne þa Onnfasst te kingess bure.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)22820 : Þa com þe king buȝen ut of his buren, mid him an hundred beornen.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)23887 : Heo clumben uppen bures, heo clumben uppe tures.
- c1275(?c1250) Owl & N.(Clg A.9)649 : We nimeþ ȝeme of manne bure.
- a1275(?c1150) Prov.Alf.(Trin-C B.14.39)338 : So his moni wimmon in hire faire [vr. fader] bure.
- ?a1300 Jacob & J.(Bod 652)147 : Mani feir halle & mani feir bour.
- c1330(?c1300) Guy(1) (Auch)2759 : A feir soster ich haue in mi bour.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mil.(Manly-Rickert)A.3677 : His wyndowe..stant ful lowe vpon his boures wal.
- ?c1400 Earth(3) (StJ-C E.24)st.3 : Erþe upon erþe haþ byggid his bowris.
- c1450(?a1400) Parl.3 Ages (Add 31042)608 : Merlyn..graythen [read: graythed] Galyan a boure to kepe hir þerin.
- a1500 Merch.& S.(Cmb Ff.2.38)116 : Hallys and bowrys.
b
- c1400(?c1380) Patience (Nero A.10)276 : Þer he..stod vp in his stomak..þer watz bylded his bour.
- c1400(?c1380) Patience (Nero A.10)437 : Þer he busked hym a bour..Of hay & of euer-ferne & erbez a fewe.
- a1425(c1333-52) Minot Poems (Glb E.9)28/26 : Biside ȝow here þe bare bigins To big his boure in winter tyde.
c
- c1450(?a1400) Quatref.Love (Add 31042)6 : The birdis one bewes bi-gane for to synge, And bowes for to burgeon and belde to þe bour [BodAdd: belde to þare bores].
d
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)162b/a : Þe erþe is yhiȝte with so many grete cities and bowrys [L ciuitatibus] þat beeþ ybelde þere vpon.
- a1400 Floris (Eg 2862)567 : In þat bour [Cmb: burȝ; Auch: bourh], in mydward pyȝt, Stondeþ a toure.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)148/67 : Buske we us hens to bedleem boure.
2.
(a) An inner room; esp., a bedroom; (b) a lady's chamber; also, a suite for ladies, the women's quarters; (c) any kind of small room or compartment; a storeroom, a stall for animals, a kennel.
Associated quotations
a
- c1225(OE) Wor.Aelfric Gloss.(Wor F.174)549/11 : [Triclini]um: bur.
- a1200 Trin.Hom.(Trin-C B.14.52)139 : He..ches þere crundel to halle and eorðhole to bure, bare eorðe to bedde.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)19036 : Buð in to bure [Otho: boure], & let mi bed makien.
- ?a1300 Jacob & J.(Bod 652)483 : He geþ to boure riȝt from þe bord.
- c1330(?a1300) Tristrem (Auch)2681 : To boure wenten þai On bedde.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)657 : William..slept boute burn in his bour but him-self one.
- c1390 PPl.A(1) (Vrn)3.97 : Þe king..of-sente..Seriauns..And brouȝte hire to boure.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.WB.(Manly-Rickert)D.869 : Blessynge halles, chambres, kichenes, boures.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)129 : He bowez fro his bour into þe brode halle.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)46 : Bowre [Win: Bow], chambyr: Thalamus, conclave.
- c1450(c1380) Chaucer HF (Benson-Robinson)1186 : Al was of ston of beryle..the halle and every bour.
b
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)2396 : Comm Godess enngell onn an daȝȝ Till hire inn hire bure.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)25889 : Þæs bures dure he warp adun.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Kath.(1) (Einenkel)138 : Þus hwil ha wiste hire..as ha set in a bur [Bod: burh] of hire burdeboldes.
- c1300(?c1225) Horn (Cmb Gg.4.27)372 : To bure nu þu wende..Wiþ Rymenhild to duelle.
- (c1300) Havelok (LdMisc 108)239 : An mikel sorwe haueden alle, Leuedyes in boure, knictes in halle.
- a1350 In may hit murgeþ (Hrl 2253)8 : Y not non so freoli flour ase ledies þat beþ bryht in bour.
- c1330 Floris (Auch)662 : Nou beþ þer inne þat riche toure Four and twenty maidenes boure.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)226 : Iudit, þet wes wodewe..hild hare ine hare boure be-sset mid hare maydenes.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)1971 : He fond þere burde no barn in þat bour þanne.
- c1380 Firumb.(1) (Ashm 33)2165 : In my doȝtere bour þar þay ben.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.NP.(Manly-Rickert)B.4022 : Ful sooty was hire bour and eek hire halle.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.WB.(Manly-Rickert)D.300 : And but thow do to my norice honour And to my chambrere with inne my bour.
- a1400(?a1350) Siege Troy(1) (Eg 2862)782 : His Queene y haue..And þe maydons of hur bowre.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)1014 : Hir chere was symple as byrde in bour.
- c1440 Degrev.(Thrn)1131 : Þe lady laye in hir bowres.
- a1450-1509 Rich.(Brunner)3763 : Ladyes strowen here boures [Add 31042: bourres] Wiþ rede roses.
- c1460(?c1400) Beryn (Nthld 55)448 : Now of Kitt Tapster..And the hosteler..þat sit in kittis bour.
- c1450(c1400) Emare (Clg A.2)63 : Abro tawȝte þys mayden smalle..Whyle she was in her bowre.
c
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)1697 : Þou sal alsua mak a boure For to hald in þi wermestore.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)322 : Haf hallez þerinne..Boþe boskez and bourez and wel bounden penez.
- c1460(?c1400) Beryn (Nthld 55)668 : So wisely went the Pardoner out of þe doggis bour.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)152/28 : A chyldys blood xal bye vs dere þat þer is born in bestys boure.
- a1500(?a1400) KEdw.& S.(Cmb Ff.5.48)290 : Into þe boure he made abrayde, Gode mete for to fette.
3.
Various fig. uses: (a) the Virgin Mary's womb or body; Cristes ~, Goddes ~, the Virgin Mary; (b) the heart as the dwelling of God; brestes ~, herte ~; the brain as the abode of conscience; (c) heaven; heven boures, the mansions of heaven; (d) a grave; (e) a lineage; Jesse ~, the House of Jesse.
Associated quotations
a
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)14169 : Forr hire clene wambe wass Till þatt bridgume bure.
- a1225 Seinte marie clane (Roy 5.F.7)5 : Sainte marie, xpistes bur.
- a1350 Harrow.H.(Hrl 2253)32 : He lyhte of ys heȝe tour into seinte Marie bour.
- c1390(?a1325) LChart.Chr.A (Vrn)220 : A ful feir mayden to me hit wrouȝt; Oute of hire boure [vr. body] I hit brouȝt.
- c1390 Disp.Virg.& Cross (Vrn)108 : Þat Blosme Blomed vp in þi bour.
- a1425 Hayle bote (Wht)92 : A! Marye qwene..Cristes modir, Goddes boure.
- c1450 Surge mea (Lamb 853)23 : Þat blessid bodi þat bare me in bowur.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)107/316 : Fare wel goddys modyr..goddys chawmere and his bowre.
- a1500(?a1390) Mirk Fest.(GoughETop 4)224/13 : Com my culuer, myn owne boure, com my moder.
b
- c1230(?a1200) *Ancr.(Corp-C 402)8b : Bicluppeð ower leofmon þe in to ower breostes [Nero: breoste] bur is iliht of heouene.
- c1230(?a1200) *Ancr.(Corp-C 402)27a : Schalt tu..folhi geat..þe schuldest i þin heorte bur biseche me cosses.
- a1250 Orison Lord (Lamb 487)185 : Aliht mi þester heorte; ȝef þi [Nero: mi] bur brihtnesse.
- c1400(a1376) *PPl.A(1) (Trin-C R.3.14)[10.55] f.23b : Inwyt in þe heuid is..In manis brayn is he most..þere is his bour bremest.
c
- a1200 Trin.Hom.(Trin-C B.14.52)167 : Engles hire beren..in to þan heuenliche bure.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Marg.(1) (Bod 34)50/31 : Te gast steah up to þe istirrede bur, bliðe to heouene.
- a1250 Wooing Lord (Tit D.18)273 : Þu..robbedes helle hus, lesedes tine prisuns..and leddes ham wið þe self to þi ȝimmede bur.
- c1390 Crist ȝiue vs (Vrn)22 : In Matynes and vres þei ben wys, To bringe vs to vr longe bour.
- c1400 St.Alex.(3) (LdMisc 622)19/33 : Man may nouȝth lede lijf to softe And wonen in heuene boures.
- a1450 Who þat wole knowe (Dgb 102)176 : Make vertues þe wax..To brenne briȝt in heuene boures.
d
- c1275 Þene latemeste dai (Clg A.9)77 : Þi bur is sone ibuld..þe rof, þe firste, schal ligge o þine chinne.
- a1275 Wen þe turuf (Trin-C B.14.39)2 : Wen þe turuf is þi tuur & þi put is þi bour.
- c1300 Body & S.(5) (LdMisc 108)p.27 : Wrechede it is nouȝ þi bour; To moruwe þouȝ schalt þerinne falle.
- ?c1335 Earth(1) (Hrl 913)3/66 : Whan erþ is on erþe, blak beþ þe boures.
e
- a1450 Yk.Pl.(Add 35290)96/76 : Egredietur virga de Jesse. A wande sall brede of Jesse boure.
4.
bour and hall, chamber and hall, house and mansion; in ~ and in hall, in chamber and in hall, in cottage and mansion, everywhere; in castel nother in ~, in castle nor cottage, nowhere; etc.
Associated quotations
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)2025 : Þær he gon aræren riche ane burhe mid bouren [Otho: boures] & mid hallen.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Kath.(1) (Einenkel)1459 : Tu schalt..eauer þe oðer beon in halle & i bure.
- c1275 Þene latemeste dai (Clg A.9)15 : Moni mon biȝet bores & halle.
- a1300 Moder milde flur (Corp-O 59)3 : Þu ert leuedi..bricht in bure & eke in halle.
- c1300 SLeg.Magd.(2) (LdMisc 108)414-5 : Ioye þe mote on falle In bour and in halle..In castel noþur in boure ne worþe þe neuere wo.
- a1350 Flem.Insur.(Hrl 2253)103 : Huere ledies huem mowe abide in boure & in halle.
- c1330(?c1300) Spec.Guy (Auch)152 : It were muchel for hem To haue..londes, rentes, halle, and bour.
- c1390(?a1300) Stations Rome(1) (Vrn)244 : Kyng Costantyn men dude him calle Boþe in boure and eke in halle.
- c1400 St.Alex.(3) (LdMisc 622)60/888 : Hou darstou goddes sergeaunt hyde In boure oiþer in halle?
- c1430(c1380) Chaucer PF (Benson-Robinson)304 : Of braunches were here halles and here boures.
- a1475 Bk.Courtesy (Sln 1986)338 : Ne chaunge þou not in face coloure..in halle ne boure.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)33/348 : Thise thoners and levyn downe gar fall..Both halles and bowers.
- c1450 Urban.(Clg A.2)4 : In halle, yn bowre, or at þe borde, Hoode or kappe þou of þo [read: do].
5.
bour(e-grom, a chamberer, personal servant; ~ knight, ~ thein, ~ ward, one of the officers in charge of the private apartments of a king, chamberlain; ~ litel, ~ maid(en, ~ thern, a chambermaid, a lady-in-waiting; ~ man, a chamberer, a personal servant; prob. also, a cottager; ~ womman, a chambermaid, servant woman, lady-in-waiting; ~ yerd, ?the yard of a dwelling.
Associated quotations
- a1121 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.1120 : On þam fare wurdon adr[u]ncene..Swyðe manega of þæs cynges hired, stiwardas, & burþenas.
- (1148) Liber Winton (Antq 154)557 : Edric. Burman.
- (1201) in Pipe R.Soc.n.s.14206 : Gilebertus Bureword.
- (1204) in Thuresson ME Occup.Terms123 : Will. Bureman.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)15357 : He ȝæf his stiwarde Æst-sex, & his burðeine Middel-sex bitahte.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)18960 : Jurdan is his burcniht [Otho: bour-cniht].
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)19176 : Here ich æm..eore læuerd Gorlois, and Jurdan mi burward [Otho: bourward] and Brutael mi stiward.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)19779 : Þa comen..tweien burcnihtes.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)19943 : Ælc..of his bur-þæinen..gold beren an honden.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)30789 : Þæ quene bar to drinken, & alle hire bur-lutlen.
- (1235) Close R.Hen.III89 : Robertus Bureman.
- (1279) Hundred R.Tower 2842 : Gilbertus Bureman.
- (c1300) Doc.Manor in MP 3440 : Boureyerd.
- (1301) Sub.R.Yks.in YASRS 21106 : Alicia Bourwyman.
- (1316) Pat.R.Edw.II588 : Ralph Bureward.
- ?c1335 Heil seint Michel (Hrl 913)p.156 : Hail be ȝe nonnes of seint Mari house, Goddes bourmaidnes and his owen spouse!
- (1327) Sub.R.Som.in Som.RS 3167 : Alicia Bourgrom.
- (1327) in Thuresson ME Occup.Terms123 : Sibilla Bourtherne.
- (1327) Sub.R.Sus.in Sus.RS 10187 : Willelmus Bourman.
- c1330(?a1300) Arth.& M.(Auch)6476 : A burmaiden he hadde, fair & schene.
- (1415-6) in Thuresson ME Occup.Terms123 : Will. Burman.
- a1425(?c1350) Ywain (Glb E.9)1711 : By him come þare rideand thre: A lady, twa bourewemen alswa.
- a1425 Wycl.Serm.(Bod 788)2.9 : Marie tok a bour woman [vr. a bore womman].
- c1430(a1410) Love Mirror (Brsn e.9)37 : Sche ledeth noȝt with hir..grete companye of bouremaydens and damyseles.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)56 : Burmayden [Win: Burmaydune]: Pedissequa, ancilla.
- (1470) in Thuresson ME Occup.Terms123 : Joh. Bourman.
- a1500 Hrl.1002 Gloss.(Hrl 1002)623 : Abra: bowre-mayde.
- a1500 Mayer Nominale (Mayer)691 : Hec abra, Hec ancilla: burwoman.
6.
In names.
Associated quotations
- (c1250) Doc.in HMC Var.Col.7226 : Roberto atte Bure.
- (1276) Hundred R.Tower 2238 : Willielmus a la Bure.
- (1281) Pat.R.Edw.I471 : Thomas atte Boure.
- (1296) Sub.R.Sus.in Sus.RS 1068 : Gilibertus atte Boure.
- (1304) Acc.Chester in LCRS 5962 : Hugh del Boure.
- (1312) Doc.in HMC Var.Col.7227 : Adam de Bure.
- (1327) Sub.R.Som.in Som.RS 3161 : Johannes atte Beur.
- (1347) Reg.Edw.Blk.Pr.1.109 : John atte Boure.