Middle English Dictionary Entry
bōr n.
Entry Info
Forms | bōr n. Also bore & N bār(e, bayre. |
Etymology | OE bār |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) An uncastrated male swine (either wild or domesticated); (b) bores brain, brain of a boar used medicinally; bor(es grece, fat of a boar; bores herte, a bold or fierce heart; bor(es tusk, one of the canine teeth of a boar; (c) ~ pig, an ungrown male pig; gret ~, ~ singler, a full-grown wild boar; wild ~, an undomesticated boar; (d) in proverbs and proverbial comparisons: breme as ~, fierce as a wild boar; brust (iburst) as a ~, bristly as a boar, bristling (or showing anger) like a boar; wod as a wild ~, raging like a wild boar.
Associated quotations
a
- c1175 Stw.57 Gloss.(Stw 57)411 : Ver uel Aper: Bor.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)12309 : We þe wulleð cuðen..of ane swulche bare þe her is bi-halues.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Juliana (Bod 34)61/670 : Þe reue..se grundliche him gromede..as eauer ei iburst bar þet grunde his tuskes.
- (c1300) Havelok (LdMisc 108)2331 : Þer mouhte men se þe boles beyte, And þe bores with hundes teyte.
- a1325 Gloss.Bibbesw.(Cmb Gg.1.1)273 : Cengler: boor.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)69 : Hi ham defendeþ ase þe bor.
- c1350 Cmb.Ee.4.20.Nominale (Cmb Ee.4.20)731 : Sengler, troie, et suel; Bor, sowe, and gilte.
- (c1375) Chaucer CT.Mk.(Manly-Rickert)B.3299 : He slow the grisly boor.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Dc 369(1))Ps.79.14 : The bor of the wode outlawide it.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)2.361 : Þe enleuenþe, þe sleynge of þe boor in Arcadia.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Sum.(Manly-Rickert)D.1829 : He groneth lyk oure boor, lith in oure sty.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)296a/a : Among þe tame þe males ben y cleped bores..verres in latyn..and þe wilde male swyne ben y cleped bores, Apri in latyne.
- (1408) Invent.Jarrow in Sur.Soc.2981 : In porcaria..iij boris, ij sues.
- (c1410) York MGame (Vsp B.12)27 : Þan þe boor gooþ from þe sowes and goþ to take his couert.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)1.592 : He slouȝ..þe cruel tuschy boor.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)4.m.7.61 : The bristilede boor markide with scomes the scholdres of Hercules.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)44 : Boore, swyne: Aper, verres.
- c1475(?c1425) Avow.Arth.(Tay 9:French&Hale)26 : To þe forest þa[y] fare To hunte atte buk and atte bare.
- ?c1475 *Cath.Angl.(Add 15562)9a : A Bayre: hic Aper.
- a1500(?c1378) Wycl.OPastor.(Ryl Eng 86)425 : As boris in sty.
- a1500 Mayer Nominale (Mayer)698 : Hic singulus, Hic aper: a bore.
b
- ?a1200(OE) Hrl.MQuad.(Hrl 6258B)18/23 : Wið ælc sar, bares braȝen ȝesoden & to drence ȝeworht on wine.
- ?a1200(OE) Hrl.HApul.(Hrl 6258B:Berberich)82.26/5 : Mid bares twuxe & mid fearres horne.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)30391 : Wurðe for niðing þe mon þe nule..habben bares heorte.
- a1400 in Singer Cat.Alchem.2.605 : Rubbe hit with a boores tussk.
- a1400 Recipe MS Hal.in Rel.Ant.1 (Hal 335)52 : Stamp hit with bare greese, and do hit on a clath.
- (c1410) York MGame (Vsp B.12)30 : The boores grece is good as of oþere tame swyne.
- a1425(?c1350) Ywain (Glb E.9)262 : His browes war like litel buskes And his tethe like bare tuskes.
- c1450 Burg.Practica (Rwl D.251)202/12 : For sawceflewme facyei. Take borys gres and juce of crassys..and anoynt þin face.
- ?c1450 Stockh.PRecipes (Stockh 10.90)132/22 : Half a pound of borys-gres.
c
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)25832 : He an-bursten agon swulc weore a wilde bar [Otho: a bor].
- c1230(?a1200) *Ancr.(Corp-C 402)76b : Þe wilde bar [Nero: bor] ne mei nawt buhen him to smiten.
- c1300 Lay.Brut (Otho C.13)12297 : He huntede..one wilde bor [Clg: ane bare].
- c1330(?a1300) Tristrem (Auch)824 : Heuedes of wild bare Ichon to presant brouȝt.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)203 : Þei founde ful sone a grete bor.
- (c1385) Chaucer CT.Kn.(Manly-Rickert)A.1658 : As wilde bores gonnen they to smyte.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)7.5255 : Lich to the chaced wylde bor.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)259a/a : Some beþ swiþe wilde & nouȝt y tamed, as þe tigris and þe wilde bore.
- (c1410) York MGame (Vsp B.12)27 : Some tyme a grete boor hath anoþer with hym.
- (c1410) York MGame (Vsp B.12)65 : Alauntz..byn good for þe batyng of þe bole and huntyng of þe wild boore.
- (c1410) York MGame (Vsp B.12)80 : If men aske wherby he knoweth a grete boor from a yonge, and þe boor from þe sowe [etc.].
- a1425 *Medulla (Stnh A.1.10)14a/b : Cicuris: boren of wylde bor.
- c1430(c1386) Chaucer LGW (Benson-Robinson)980 : With any wilde bor or other best.
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)3123 : Boyes in þe subarbis bourden full heghe At a bare synglere, that to þe bente rynnys.
- c1450 Scrope Othea (Lngl 253)72 : Dadonius..was slayne wyth a wilde bore.
- (?a1450) Stonor1.51 : Y have bowght for you xxti hogges..and j Borepegge.
- c1450(c1350) Alex.& D.(Bod 264)713 : To Martis þe mithtelese men ofren in time A gret bor and a bold.
- c1450 Ponthus (Dgb 185)70/24 : Ther passed by the way a grete bore.
- a1475 Siege Troy(1) (Hrl 525)192/1259d : They weryn servid rychely With metis..Plover, partriche and wyld Bores.
- c1500 Recipe MSS Hast.in HMC (Hnt HU 1051)422 : Take the ballokes of an olde cokke or of an yonge bore pygge that sowkeryth on the mother.
d
- a1275 On leome (Trin-C B.14.39)36 : To him ha weren ful [s]ore, I-burst asse wedde bore.
- a1350 Ich herdemen (Hrl 2253)51 : Comeþ þe maister budel, brust ase a bore.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)4899 : Þe sargantz þat ware brem als bare [Göt: bar; Trin-C: boor].
- c1475(?c1451) Worcester Bk.Noblesse (Roy 18.B.22:N&W)22/630 : The boore .. knowethe not his power but foryetithe his strenght tille he be chafed and see his owne bloode.
- a1500(?a1400) Morte Arth.(2) (Hrl 2252)229 : They Ar bold and breme as bare.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)6523 : Fuerse Ector..as wode as a wild bore wan on his horse.
2.
Boar's flesh as food; ~ ham, the ham of a boar; braun of ~, boar meat; venisoun of ~, flesh of a wild boar.
Associated quotations
- c1330(?a1300) Arth.& M.(Auch)3119 : Þer was venisoun of hert & bors.
- a1400(?a1350) Siege Troy(1) (Eg 2862)2054 : Þere was venysoun of bere and bore.
- ?c1425 Arun.Cook.Recipes (Arun 334)435 : Bor in Counfett..Boor in Brasey..Bore in Egurdouce.
- c1450 Burg.Practica (Rwl D.251)252/24 : To make a woman conceyue, let hyr ete þe balockis of boris.
- a1475 Herkyn to my tale (Brog 2.1)86 : Then ther com..Borhammys and beynsteyllys.
- a1475 Russell Bk.Nurt.(Hrl 4011)489 : Venesoun bake, of boor or othur venure, Kut it in þe pastey.
- a1475 Russell Bk.Nurt.(Hrl 4011)686 : Furst set forthe mustard & brawne of boore, þe wild swyne.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)107/212 : Lay furth of oure store, lo, here! browne of a bore.
3.
A representation of a boar; her. a boar in a coat-of-arms.
Associated quotations
- (1426) Will York in Sur.Soc.4410 : I gif..my doghter Constable a gilt cup pownsed with boores.
- (a1460) Badge York in Archaeol.17 (Dgb 82)227 : The Bages that [he] beryth by Kyng Edwarde is a blewe Bore with his tuskis and his cleis, and his membrys of Golde.
- (c1460) Bk.Arms in Anc.7 (Hrl 2169)197 : Wylyam of Nauton beryth gold iij borys of sabyll passaunt.
- (c1460) Bk.Arms in Anc.9 (Hrl 2169)165 : Whychecote of Lyncolneshire beryth iij bores gules wyth a fyld of silver.
4.
(a) Man likened to a wild boar; esp., King Arthur, Edward III; (b) as personal name; borfis, ?boar's son [cp. fitz n.].
Associated quotations
a
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)16094 : Vther scal habben ænne sune..þat beoð a wilde bar.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)2803,2816 : Vor þe bor of cornewaile ssal helpe þis londe..þe cornwelisse bor of wan he spek, þat was þe king arþure.
- a1425(c1333-52) Minot Poems (Glb E.9)27/19 : Calays men, now mai ȝe care..A bare sal now abate ȝowre blis.
- a1425 Proph.6 Kings (Glb E.9)159 : Þis ilk beste þat es þe bare named biforn Cumes out of Windesore, þare bese he born.
- c1450(c1420) Proph.Becket (Hat 56)79 : Þere shall come bores II fro Bretayne with brode tuskes.
- a1500(c1420) Proph.Becket (Cmb Kk.1.5)50 : A Bayre sall come out of Berttane wytht so brode tuskis.
b
- (1209) Pipe R.Winch1/48 : Rogerus Bor.
- (1226) Close R.Tower 2145b : Robertus le Bor.
- (1230) Feet Fines Sus.in Sus.RS 2242 : Edwinus le Bor.
- (1249) Inquis.Miscel.(PRO)1.19 : Godard le Bor.
- (1279) Hundred R.Tower 2554 : Reginaldus le Bor.
- (1294) in Archaeol.Cant.32 ()170 : John Borfys.
- (1296-7) Acc.Cornw.in RHS ser.3.66120 : De Roberto le Bor.
- (1327) Sub.R.Som.in Som.RS 3237 : Richardus le Bor.
- a1400(1255) Cart.Ramsey in RS 79.1472 : Walterus Bor tenet unam acram.
- 1442 Great Cart.in Kent Archaeol.Soc.1184 : Thomas le Bor.
5.
~ spere, a spear used in hunting boar; also, a kind of spear in military use; ~ ward, keeper of boars, swineherd.
Associated quotations
- (1246) in Thuresson ME Occup.Terms68 : Walt. Bareward.
- (1313) Pat.R.Edw.II57 : John Boreward.
- (1317) in Thuresson ME Occup.Terms68 : Luc. Le Boreward.
- (1327) Sub.R.Wor.in Wor.HS (1895)67 : Willelmus Borward.
- (1333) in Thuresson ME Occup.Terms68 : Thom. Boreward.
- (1395) in Löfvenberg Contrib.Lex.54 : [One] borspere.
- c1225(OE) Wor.Aelfric Gloss.(Wor F.174)539/14 : Uena(bul)um: borsper.
- (1435) Let.Bk.Lond.K (Gldh LetBk K)66 : Bore spere.
- (1439) Will York in Sur.Soc.3071 : Cum uno boresperr.
- (1450) RParl.5.212a : Arraied..with Jakkes, Salettez, longe Swerdes..Boresperes, and all other unmerciable forbodon wepons.
- (1454) Paston2.302 : Dyvers folks arraied in maner of werre with jakkes..and boore speres in ij busshements.
- (1465) Paston (Gairdner)4.142 : Inprimis, a peyr brygandyrs, a salet, a boresper, a bawe, xviij arwys.
- (?1474) Stonor1.147 : Item, v jackus, iij salettes, ij gleyfes, and a borespere.
- ?c1475 *Cath.Angl.(Add 15562)9a : A barespere: excipulum, venabulum.
6.
bor(es hed: (a) the head of a wild boar; (b) boar's head served for food; (c) a representation of a boar's head used as the sign of a tavern, etc.; (d) her. boar's head in a banner, shield, or coat-of-arms; (e) mil. a wedge formation of foot troops.
Associated quotations
a
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)1616 : Þe bores hed watz borne bifore þe burnes seluen.
b
- ?c1300 Gloss.Bibbesw.(Sln 809)1109 : A boris heued [vr. hede bore; glossing: la teste de sengler].
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)177 : There come in at þe fyrste course befor þe kynge seluen Bareheuedys þat ware bryghte, burnyste with syluer.
- a1500 Þe borys hed (StJ-C S.54)p.321 : The borys hed haue we in broghht; Lok ye be mery.
c
- (1362) Will Court Hust.(Gldh)2.73 : [His tenement called] le Boreshede [in Bredstret].
- 1442 in Williams Holborn1312 : [His messuage..called] le Boreshede.
- (1471-2) Doc.in HMC Rep.9 App.1142 : Sol. pro vino dato Majori Civitatis Cant..in Hospicio de Boryshede.
d
- c1330(?a1300) Arth.& M.(Auch)5643 : His pensel hadde riche colour..Of gold þer were four bore heuedes ybete.
- c1330 Degare (Auch)996 : He mette wiȝ a douȝti kniȝt..Wiȝ þe sscheld of asur And þre bor-heuedes þerin.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Th.(Manly-Rickert)B.2060 : His sheeld was al of gold so reed, And ther inne was a bores heed.
- c1440(a1400) Awntyrs Arth.(Thrn)385 : The schelde one his schuldir, of syluere fulle schene, Withe bare heuedis [IrBl: bore-hedis] of blake.
- c1450(c1353) Winner & W.(Add 31042)175 : A brighte banere of blee whitte with three bore-hedis.
- (c1460) Bk.Arms in Anc.5 (Hrl 2169)184 : The borre heads shulde lokke bothe one way.
e
- (a1460) Vegetius(2) (Pmb-C 243)1928 : The boorys hed is a triangulere Of men, a boorys hed as thaugh it were.
- (a1460) Vegetius(2) (Pmb-C 243)1944 : Thei make a Boorys hed, And Cuneus thei name it, or a wege..It russheth on our aduersayrys egge.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
- c1450 Terms Assoc.(2) (Cmb Ll.1.18)232 : A syngulerez of wyld bores.
Note: Additional quote(s)
Supplemental Materials (draft)
- ?c1400(1379) Daniel *Treat.Uroscopy (Roy 17.D.1)f.92ra (3.6) : Þe 3 maner of spume is..froth wiþouten eny burblis, mykel lik þe foom of a bor.
Note: Need date, sense 1.(a).