Middle English Dictionary Entry
bō̆nd(e n.(1)
Entry Info
| Forms | bō̆nd(e n.(1) Also bande, bounde, (Lay.) beonde. Pl. bō̆ndes, bō̆nden. |
| Etymology | OE bō̆nda, from ON *bōnda (cp. OI bōndi, beside older bōandi, būandi). |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) A customary tenant (as distinct from a free-holder); a villager (villain) or farmer (husbandman) holding land under a lord in return for customary services, esp. plowing (cp. plough-man); specif., a villager ranking between a freeman and a cotter, living in a hous (cp. housbond) as distinct from a cot; apparently also used more broadly, to include tenants and serfs; baroun and ~; [see Homans, Eng.Villagers 72, 235, 241-3]; (b) in names.
Associated quotations
a
- [ (1273) in Bracton De Leg.(Rwl C.160)2.584 : De terris etiam tentis de antiquo dominico corone, tam liberorum sokammannorum quam bondorum. ]
- [ (c1297) Acc.Cornw.in RHS ser.3.6669 : De 30 gallis et 97 gallinis provenientibus de cherset bondorum. ]
- [ (c1297) Acc.Cornw.in RHS ser.3.68176 : Et de £ 21 15 s. ad quatuor terminos proportionaliter de redditu assiso 29 bondorum tenentium virgatam terre per annum. ]
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)15291 : Þer wes of Salesburi an oht bonde [Otho: a bond] icumen; ænne muchelne mæin clubbe he bar an his rugge.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)30356 : Heo herȝede and heo barnde..wa wes þan beondes [Otho: bondes] þa on londe wuneden.
- a1275 Louerd asse þu ard (Trin-C B.14.39)280 : Heo tauten alle sceftes is gospel vnderstonden, Kinkes & cnistes & clerekes & bonden.
- a1350 Ich herdemen (Hrl 2253)30 : Baroun & bonde, þe clerc & þe knyht.
- c1330(?a1300) Guy(2) (Auch)p.432 : Ouer alle his lond anon he sent After erl, baroun, and bond.
- c1330(?c1300) Spec.Guy (Auch)890 : Þe bonde nele, noþer loude ne stille, Don noht aȝein his lordes wille.
- c1330 7 Sages(1) (Auch)21/449 : Kanst þou [a gardener] me telle, gode bounde, Whi hit is so schort wering?
- c1400(?a1387) PPl.C (Hnt HM 137)4.201 : Trewe burgeis and bonde to nauht hue bringeþ ofte, And al þe comune in care and couetyse.
- a1450 SLeg.Suppl.Bod.(Bod 779)351/21 : Vital..hadde many bonde-men þat of him lond nome..agricola..is vital his bonde.
b
- (1180) in Pipe R.Soc.29103 : Normannus le Bonde.
- (1185) in Pipe R.Soc.3451 : Galfridus Bonde.
- (1222) Domesday Bk.St.Paul in Camd.6982 : Rad' le bonde.
- (1275) Hundred R.Tower 2170 : Johannes Bond.
- (1281) Hundred R.Tower 2608 : Emma le Bonde.
- (1287) Select Pleas Forest in Seld.Soc.1362 : Robertus filius Agnetis Bonde.
- (1296) Sub.R.Sus.in Sus.RS 1064 : Johannes fil' Bonde.
- (1301) Sub.R.Yks.in YASRS 2124 : Willelmo Bonde.
- (1313) Sub.R.Glo.(1) in BGAS 19250 : Johannes le Bonde.
- (1327) Sub.R.Som.in Som.RS 381 : Robertus le Bonde.
2.
Associated quotations
- a1275 Serm.St.Nich.(Trin-C B.14.39)64/50 : Suyc richesse preyse ic nout..hoe louet hore moker & hore lif, al ase þe bonde det his wif.
- a1325 Say me viit (Add 11579)3 : Ich haue þe werreste bonde [Trin-C: hosebonde] þat ys in oni londe.
- c1330(?a1300) Arth.& M.(Auch)691 : Þe wiif hir sone seiȝe ded amorwe; Anon sche heng hir self..Þo þat þe bounde ysieȝe þis, Anon he starf for diol.
3.
A serf or servant (male or female).
Associated quotations
- a1400(c1300) NHom.(1) Knt.PW (Phys-E)139 : Thar bisyd woned a kniht That thoru kind was bond and thralle; Bot knihthed gat he wit catelle.
- a1400 Cursor (Frf 14)4188 : Sel him forþ to ȝone chapmen..to be þair bonde [Vsp: thral] for euer-lastande.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)43 : Bonde, as a man or woman: Servus, serva.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)178 : Fremann, made of bonde: Manumissus, colibertus, manumissa, coliberta.
4.
A vassal or retainer; fig. one who is under (another's) domination.
Associated quotations
- c1330(?a1300) Tristrem (Auch)971 : Þe king of yrlond, Tristrem, ich [King Mark] am his man. To long ichaue ben hir bond.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Fri.(Manly-Rickert)D.1660 : Disposeth ay youre hertes to withstonde The feend, that yow wolde make thral and bonde.
- a1500(?a1390) Mirk Fest.(GoughETop 4)153/22 : Þat was befor bond and þral and vndyrlyng to þe fende of helle.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
Note: Removed last sentence of the etymology ("ON *bonda prob. yielded OE bonde, since OE lacked the sequence -ond; ME bond(e rimes with hond(e, etc.") per slip--JL