Middle English Dictionary Entry
yōre adv.
Entry Info
Forms | yōre adv. Also yor, yare, ȝore, (16th cent.) yoare, youre & (chiefly early) ȝare, (early) ȝeare, gare & (error) þore. |
Etymology | OE gēara, gēaro, gēare, gāre. Cp. ME ēr adv., from which the form ȝor should be deleted as not represented in the quots.; the form ȝar there, represented in quots. a1500(?a1475) Guy(4) 2nd in sense 4a.(b) & (c1390) GGuy(2) in sense 4b.(d), may belong here, but there appears to be some confusion between the two words. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1a.
(a) At a time long past, long ago, of old; biforen ~;
(b) earlier, previously; formerly; also, by now [quot. a1375]; ~ while, recently, a short time ago;
(c) for a long time now; for some time now; ~ sin, long since;
(d) over a long course of time; more ~, longer; not ~, not long.
Associated quotations
a
- c1200 Wor.Serm.in EGSt.7 (Wor Q.29)2 : Ȝare hit was isuteled þurh wise…þet god wold mon bicumen.
- c1230 Ancr.(Corp-C 402)102/6 : Hit were of þing þe wes biuore ȝare amendet [Pep: biforn honde amended fele ȝeres].
- a1275 On leome (Trin-C B.14.39)117 : Pine þat sal lesten OO, I-Greiþid…was hou þore [read: yore].
- a1275 *St.Marg.(2) (Trin-C B.14.39)226 : Þine godes…weren yare awaried.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)1336 : Þa norþerne men, nis hit nawiht ȝeare…‘Ȝeorc’ heo ihæhten.
- c1330(?a1300) Tristrem (Auch)2182 : Her folies vsen þai ay, Wel ȝore y seyd it þe.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)4046 : Sche…seide þe child was in þe see sunkun ful ȝore.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Deut.24.5 : Whan aman haþ take awyfe not ȝore [L nuper], he shal not go forþ to bateile.
- a1400 Cursor (Trin-C R.3.8)5672 : Woltou me sle herfore As þou didest þe egipcian not ȝore [Göt: þis oder day].
- a1400 Cursor (Trin-C R.3.8)10716 : Lokeþ…what seide ȝou ȝore Isay.
- c1450(c1370) Chaucer ABC (Benson-Robinson)150 : The eerthe acursed was ful yore.
- c1450 Trin-C.Accedence (Trin-C O.5.4)39/359 : How many tymes be ther in declynson of the verbe? Fyue, that is the tyme that is nowe, the tyme that is not fullych passed, the tyme that is fullych passed, the tyme that ȝore is a-passed, the tyme that is to come. For hem in Englysh…‘I haue loued,’ for the tyme that is fullych passed; ‘I hadde y-loued,’ for the tyme that is more than a-go.
b
- c1225(?c1200) St.Juliana (Bod 34)13/141 : Tu nauest iherd of him ȝare.
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)140/19 : Spekeð þus þe alde sweoke…wordes þet ha ȝare [Cai: gare; Pep: byforne] herde fulliche iseide.
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)154/3 : Iudith…is schrift as wes ȝare iseid.
- a1250 Lofsong Louerde (Nero A.14)213 : Hefdich ȝare so idon, me stode betere þen me deð.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)13921 : Arður…wulle…walles rihten þe ȝare weoren to-fallen.
- ?a1300 Maximian (Dgb 86)237 : Oþres mo…habbeþ I-liued so ȝore.
- a1350 Ich herdemen (Hrl 2253)49 : Nede y mot spene þat y spared ȝore.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)2513 : Nade his help hende ben, we hade be ded ȝore.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.ML.(Manly-Rickert)B.174 : They…doon hir nedes as they han doon yoore.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)842 : Loth…Ȝete uus out þose ȝong men þat ȝore-whyle here entred.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)7597 : Thus seide I now, and haue seid yore.
- (1440) Capgr.St.Norb.(Hnt HM 55)215 : Thei song here seruyse as þei had do ȝore.
- c1460 Cursor (LdMisc 416)2651 : Abraham hast þou yore by cald; That name no lengger shalt þou hald.
- 1591(?a1425) Chester Pl.(Hnt HM 2)456/513 : Rightuouse judge…Doe as thou hast yoare beheight.
c
- c1300 Body & S.(5) (LdMisc 108)p.63 : Þou havest served us so ȝore.
- c1300 SLeg.Brendan (Hrl 2277:Wright)p.4 : Theȝ hit ne thenche ȝou bote a while, ȝe habbeth i-beo her ȝare.
- a1325 SLeg.(Corp-C 145)12/119 : Þe crois ich habbe ȝare ybore…I knowe ich am…noȝt worþe þerto.
- a1350 Heȝe louerd (Hrl 2253)69 : Such lyf ich haue lad fol ȝore.
- c1330 Otuel (Auch)1064 : We ne sien him nouȝt ȝore.
- c1390 Castle Love(1) (Vrn)1341 : Hise þat hedden neode…ȝore hedden him abide.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)2114 : He hatz wonyd here ful ȝore.
- a1450(a1425) Mirk IPP (Cld A.2)9 : Thus þey haue do now fulle ȝore.
- a1450 7 Sages(3) (Cmb Dd.1.17)2153 : The godman went…To frendys that he sawe nowt ȝore.
- c1450(c1370) Chaucer Pity (Benson-Robinson)93 : Have mercy on me…That yow have sought so tendirly and yore.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)1008 : All þe ȝeris of oure ȝouthe es ȝare syne passid.
- c1460(?c1400) Beryn (Nthld 55)54 : He þat is so ȝore dede, is green in yeur mynde.
- a1500(c1370) Chaucer Comp.L.(Benson-Robinson)79 : I love and eek drede yow…and have doon…ful yore.
d
- c1330 Orfeo (Auch)47/559 : Ȝif ich were Orfeo…& hadde y-suffred ful ȝore, [etc.].
- a1400 Cursor (Trin-C R.3.8)1409 : Nyne hundride ȝeer & more ȝare He lyued here in sorwe & care.
- a1400 Lament Berkeley (Mid Mi O1)15 : Yore I bourded broode with birdes all aboute.
- c1410(c1350) Gamelyn (Hrl 7334)9 : His fader lyuede so ȝore That deth was comen him to.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.5067 : The tyme neiȝeþ aftir þis nat ȝore, Þat…wynter…Gan taswagen of his bitter colde.
- a1450 Yk.Pl.(Add 35290)54/307 : Ȝe sall noght lyffe þan yore Be many hundereth yhere.
1b.
(a) In phrases with ppls. agon and gon: long ago; for a long time now; ?also, after a long while, at last; ful (wel) ~ agon, gon ful ~, sitthe (sitthen) gon ful ~, etc.; not ~ agon, recently, of late;
(b) in constructions with hit) is followed by clause (expressed or implied): it is long ago (since or that I did sth., since sth. was the case, etc.); ~ gon (igon).
Associated quotations
a
- a1325 SLeg.(Corp-C 145)253/195 : Ich hadde an sone…þat is wel ȝore ago Þat he deide & was ibured.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Judith 5.23 : Not ȝore agon turned aȝeen to þe lord.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Mch.(Manly-Rickert)E.1637 : I haue…herd seyd ful yoore ago Ther may no man han parfite blisses two.
- a1400 Cursor (Trin-C R.3.8)5275 : Þenke ȝe not—how mony a day!—Of a dreem, is gone ful ȝore.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)1.241 : False couetise…cause hath ben syth goo ful ȝore That many a rewme hath a-bouȝt ful sore.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)5.1461 : His auentures…Ȝe may al seen…in Virgile, Written & made siþen go ful ȝore.
- a1456(c1425) Lydg.Eagle (Trin-C R.3.20)30 : Þis is þe foole whiche Ezechyel In his avysyoun saughe ful yoore agoon.
- c1430(c1380) Chaucer PF (Benson-Robinson)17 : Nat yoore Agon it happede me for to beholde Upon a bok.
- a1456(a1449) Lydg.BC (Trin-C R.3.20)100 : I fonde but oone in al my lyve, And she was deed sith go ful yore.
- a1450(1412) Hoccl.RP (Hrl 4866)204 : The boke seiþ þus—I redde it yore agon.
- c1450(c1370) Chaucer Pity (Benson-Robinson)1 : Pite…I have sought so yore agoo.
- a1475(?a1430) Lydg.Pilgr.(Vit C.13)5696 : For that skyle gon ful yore…I callede the my paramour.
- a1500(?a1400) SLChrist (Hrl 3909)6487 : He aght tribut ȝore agone.
- a1500(1439) Lydg.Sts.AA (Lnsd 699)4 : What myht availe to write the perfitnesse Of the holy Martir, slayn ful yoor agon?
b
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)47/25 : Ȝare is [Nero: Ȝare hit is] þet ich wiste þrof.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)15796 : Hit is swiðe ȝare þat Bruttes comen here.
- c1300(?c1225) Horn (Cmb Gg.4.27)79/1356 : Þat ihc ȝou seȝ hit is ful ȝare.
- c1300(c1250) Floris (Cmb Gg.4.27)653 : Nis noȝt ȝore þat I ne com And fond hire wiþ hordom.
- c1330(?c1300) Reinbrun (Auch)p.636 : Þe Dennisch men hadde riȝt in þis londe…Whilom, & nouȝt ful ȝore it is.
- c1410(c1350) Gamelyn (Hrl 7334)257 : Siþ i wrastled first it is igo ful ȝore [vr. goon ȝore].
- 1591(?a1425) Chester Pl.(Hnt HM 2)370/27 : Good yt is to thinke evermore what wordes he sayd the daye before He dyed on roode—gonne ys not youre.
- 1591(?a1425) Chester Pl.(Hnt HM 2)438/9 : It ys full youre syns I beheight to make a reckoninge of the right.
2.
As quasi-noun in prep. phrases: (a) of ~, of (ful) ~ agon, long ago;
(b) of ~ (agon, earlier, previously;
(c) for ~, of ~ agon, for a long time now;
(d) in nominal combs.: er ought ~, before very long, presently; for long ~, over a long course of time;
(e) of ~ (agon, used adjectivally: longstanding; also, of old.
Associated quotations
a
- c1390(?c1350) Jos.Arim.(Vrn)317 : Wiþ-outen, on þe paleys…werdes of Ebreu weren I-writen of ȝore.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)3.5608 : Þei obeie his byddynge…In þe temple…of ful ȝore…consecrat To Appollo.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)3.5734 : In…Ethiope…Of ȝore a-gon, þe folkis…Hadden þis tre in…gret honour.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)4.4835 : Can ȝe nat þinke how by ȝour assent…I sent forþe Paris In-to Grece of ful ȝore a-goo?
- c1430(c1395) Chaucer LGW Prol.(2) (Benson-Robinson)13 : Men shal nat wenen every thyng a lye For that he say it nat of yore ago.
- ?a1450 MLChrist (Add 39996)1792 : Þe prophecye haþ tolde of ȝore…Þat siche a man schuld come.
b
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)3.1680 : He…praied hem…To remembre…þe wrongis þat Grekis han hem do Of ȝore ago.
- a1450(?c1421) Lydg.ST (Arun 119)2641 : Kam doune knyghtes…Polymytes, as they were sworn of ȝore, To his Croune Iustly to restore.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)4.719 : They that hadde yknowen hire of yore Seigh hire so wepe.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)5.1734 : That thow me bisoughtest don of yoore…I dide.
- ?a1450 MLChrist (Add 39996)385 : Heroude hade herde of ȝore By prophecye…Þat siche a childe schuld be Kyng of Iewes.
c
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)12438 : For ȝare we habbeoð stille ileien, ure wurð-scipe is þa lasse.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)5.2657 : Of ȝore a-go His…desire…Was euere…his nevew…his kyngdam to possede.
d
- c1400(?c1380) Pearl (Nero A.10)586 : Oþer þer werne…Þat swange and swat for long ȝore.
- a1500(?a1400) Morte Arth.(2) (Hrl 2252)983 : By-gynne wille auntres or ought yare.
e
- (c1385) Chaucer CT.Kn.(Manly-Rickert)A.1941 : Nat was foryeten…Narcisus the faire of yore agon.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)5.2369 : He had an hope of ȝore Þat Pirrus shuld help him.
- a1475(?a1430) Lydg.Pilgr.(Vit C.13)3160 : Thys vyker aboue echon Haue power off yore agon Aboven euerych other whyht.
- a1500(1426) Lydg.Hen.VI TP (Hrl 7333)193 : He…In the chirche…Liche the custume of new & yore agon, Thries publisshed.
3.
As adj.: former; ~ fader, a forefather, an ancestor.
Associated quotations
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Fkl.(Manly-Rickert)F.963 : He…hadde yknowen hym of tyme yoore.
- c1400(?c1380) Pearl (Nero A.10)322 : Oure ȝorefader hit con mysseȝeme.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)9959 : All ȝomeryng for-yeton of hir yore dedes.