Middle English Dictionary Entry
wōld n.(1)
Entry Info
Forms | wōld n.(1) Also wolde, wald(e, weld(e, (16th & 17th cents.) would & (early SWM) wæld(e, uald, uælde, (infl.) wolden, wælden & (in names) woldh, wol(le, walt(e, wal(le, wale, wauld(e, wault, waud(e, waut, wad, wat, wel, weald(e, wealt, weude, whalt, valde, holde, -old(e, -aud. |
Etymology | OE weald, (A) wald, LOE (in place names) wal(t, w)old forest. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) A wooded region, forested land, the woods; ?a wooded tract, forest preserve [quot. c1330]; also, the forest as a wild place; wilde woldes;
(b) open country, a plain, meadow; also, grassy fields, grassland, pasturage;
(c) a waste place, the desert;
(d) high ground, the hills, highlands; also, a hill, down;
(e) with diminished force, freq. in generalizing phrases: the world, the earth; on wold(es, over lond and ~, everywhere, up and down, far and wide.
Associated quotations
a
- c1225(?c1200) St.Marg.(1) (Bod 34)22/27 : Þe wurmes & te wilde deor…o þis wald [vr. on þeos wilde waldes] wunieð.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)4987 : Stod þe wund-liche wude amidden ane wælde…ne mihten þær nan at-winden.
- c1275(?c1250) Owl & N.(Clg A.9)1724 : Þeg heo nere ibred awolde Ho was itoȝen among mann enne.
- c1330(?a1300) Tristrem (Auch)2813 : Beliagog in þat nede Fond him riche wald To fine.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)3799 : Þai droȝe furth be dissert & drinkles þai spill; Was nouthire waldis in þar walke ne watir to fynde.
b
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)7578 : Cumen heom to-somne mid sæhte & mid sibbe an ane uælde þe wæs muri an-uast Ambresburi.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)8480 : Ȝif æi mon hine mihte ifinden uppe þissere wælden, [etc.].
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)10023 : Arður…thehte hine a-bac-ward in enne uald [Otho: felde] brade.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)10648 : He is bicumen hunte &…flihð ouer bradne wæld.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)1004 : Men…Hor orf in house a winter bringe out of þe welde.
- c1425(c1400) Ld.Troy (LdMisc 595)1679 : With-oute the toun on the wolde Ther ne was leefft nother ȝong ne olde.
- (c1425) MSS Middleton in HMC107 : No man with comyn herd ne with sched herd com on the wold after gresse be mowen to it [be] maked.
- 1591(?a1425) Chester Pl.(Hnt HM 2)135/229 : Eate a morsell with me and then wrastle will wee here on this wold.
- a1605(c1471) Arriv.Edw.IV in Camd.1 (Hrl 543)26 : Aboute that place was a great and a fayre large playne, called a would.
c
- a1300 I-hereþ nv one (Jes-O 29)27 : Þe holy gost hyne ledde vp in-to þe wolde For to beon yuonded of sathanas þen olde.
d
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)10743 : Childric com sone ouer wald [Otho: dounes] liðen.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)12855 : Na whit heo ne funden quikes uppen wolden [Otho: vp þan hulle] buten þat fur muchele and ban vnimete.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)938 : Ðre der he toc…And sacrede god on an wold.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)3892 : Men aaron in birieles dede…he lið doluen on ðat wold.
- ?c1475 *Cath.Angl.(Add 15562)135a : Þe Walde: Alpina.
e
- a1450 Castle Persev.(Folg V.a.354)824 : Whyl he walkyth in worldly wolde I, Bakbyter, am wyth hym holde.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)14/445 : Petyr and johan…down rennyn in hast ouer lond and wolde.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)41/190 : What xal I do, wrecch wykkyd on woolde…For deth of Caym I xal haue vii folde more peyn þan he had þat abell dede sle.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)44/15 : Amonges all chylderyn þat walkyn on wolde A louelyer chylde is non.
- 1591(?a1425) Chester Pl.(Hnt HM 2)125/1 : On wouldes haue I walked wylde under buskes my bower to bylde.
2.
(a) Used to designate specific hilly regions in England such as the Cotswolds, the Yorkshire Wolds, and the Weald;
(b) in surnames;
(c) in place names [see Smith PNElem. 2.239-42].
Associated quotations
a
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)118 : Þe king of westsex adde þo al wiltessire iwis…Þe bissoprich of salesburi & al souþsex þer to, Þe welde & al þe bissopriche of chichestre.
- (1358-9) in Sandahl ME Sea Terms 189 : In dcclxxv de shipbord’, Dix bord’ de la welde, dccclx bord’ de waynscot’.
- (1359) *Pipe Roll (PRO) 32 Edw.III m.33 [OD col.] : In factura Ml. dccc bordarum de la Welde factarum de maeremio dato Regi in forestis de Tunbrigge et Retherfelde.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)2.45 : Fosse bygynneþ in Cornewayle and passeþ…forþ bysides Tettebury vppon Codeswolde.
- (1397) Inquis.Miscel.(PRO)6.91 : [John Fanneson alias] Clerk of the Wolde [had in the manor of Thonderlee and in the messuage of Agnes Dale in the said town 16 quarters of wheat].
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)8.2688 : Worcetre with frutis haboundeth at the fulle, Herford with beestis, Cotiswold with wolle.
- (1450) Let.Fastolf in Scrope Castle Combe274 : Yf that the sayde Stephen Scrope pay…v c marke sterling, than the sayde Sir John Fastolf…schall make astate of the sayde maner of Wyghton on the Wolde in Yorkeschyre.
- (1472-5) RParl.6.157b : Fell called Shorlyng and Morlyng, growyng in Yorkeswold.
- a1475(a1447) Bokenham MAngl.(Hrl 4011)14/39 : Þis wey begynnythe in Cornewayle and goþe by Devynshire forþe to Somerset-shire and forthe by-syde Tewkysbury ouer the wolde by-syde Coventre.
b
- (1121-48) in Reaney Dict.Br.Surnames368 : William de Welde.
- (1193) in Reaney Dict.Br.Surnames368 : Peter de Walebi.
- (1199) CRR(1) 1266 : Lecia de Wolde.
- (1203) in Pipe R.Soc.n.s.16235 : Ricardus de la Walde.
- (1279) in Reaney Dict.Br.Surnames368 : Thomas de la Waude.
- (1298) Pat.R.Edw.I365 : Richard Onthewolde.
- (1310) Let.Bk.Lond.D (Gldh LetBk D)294 : William atte Welde, [armourer].
- (1329) in Reaney Dict.Br.Surnames ()368 : William Waldeman.
- (?1333) in Ewen Surnames Brit.()173 : Del Weld.
- (1357-8) Deed Yks.in YASRS 63 ()65 : [Henry] de la Welde.
- 1402(1347) Assess.Edw.III in Archaeol.Cant.10152 : Johanne ate Wealde.
- (1428) Feudal Aids 5278 : Willelmus atte Welde.
c
- (c1100) in Wallenberg PNKent548 : Wealtham.
- (c1100) in Wallenberg PNKent587 : Hammolde.
- (c1150) EPNSoc.19 (Cmb.)54 : Kakestunesweald.
- (1195) EPNSoc.7 (Sus.) ()405 : Waddern.
- (1208) EPNSoc.5 (North Riding Yks.)24 : Esingaud.
- (1219) EPNSoc.12 (Ess.) ()271 : Watham;Wautham.
- (1226) in Wallenberg PNKent588 : Hamwol.
- (1227) EPNSoc.12 (Ess.) ()271 : Waudham.
- (1240) EPNSoc.3 (Bedf.& Hnt.)32 : Harewaud.
- (1242) EPNSoc.9 (Dev.)457 : Wallerig.
- (1243) EPNSoc.12 (Ess.) ()27 : Waultham.
- (1254) in Wallenberg PNKent588 : Hamewoldh.
- (1255) EPNSoc.10 (Nhp.) ()128 : Wauld.
- (1255) EPNSoc.12 (Ess.)86 : Weude Essex.
- (1256) EPNSoc.9 (Dev.) ()350 : Holderigg.
- (1266) EPNSoc.12 (Ess.) ()271 : Walteham.
- (c1275) EPNSoc.24 (Oxf.) ()305 : Waulde.
- (1291) in Coates PNHmp.169 : Waltham parva.
- (1303) EPNSoc.9 (Dev.)457 : Wollerugge Cadiho.
- (1303) EPNSoc.12 (Ess.)86 : Valde.
- (1306) EPNSoc.12 (Ess.)86 : Northwell.
- (1346) EPNSoc.3 (Bedf.& Hnt.)32 : Harrold.
- (1376) EPNSoc.12 (Ess.) ()271 : Whaltham.
- (1401) Inquis.Miscel.(PRO)7.92 : Le Waldkerr.
- (1428) in Coates PNHmp.()176 : Weelde.
- (1480) EPNSoc.19 (Cmb.) ()240 : Walowffen.