Middle English Dictionary Entry
windou(e n.
Entry Info
Forms | windou(e n. Also windowe, windouwe, windo(e, windoge, windewe, wintdouwe, wendou, wendo, wondowe, (early) windohe & (EAngl., chiefly Nrf.) windoun, windoun(n)e; pl. windous, windowes, etc. & windouse, windou(w)us, wendowes, (error) widewen. |
Etymology | ON: cp. OI vind-auga, Dan. vindue; for spellings with -n(e, -nne see Neuphilologische Mitteilungen 107 (1996), 295-300. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
Note: Cp. thirl n.
1.
(a) An opening in the wall of a building, ship, etc., used to admit air or light and usu. fitted with a frame and glass or some similar material; also, a window fitting; in a (yon) ~, on the ~, in the area before a window, in the window space;
(b) a decorative fitting for a window opening, usu. of stained glass; also in fig. context;
(c) in cpds. referring to a window fitting: ~ bond, ?a window hinge; ~ leves, shutters; ~ nail;—used coll.; ~ stage, a section of a window; ~ stalle, a seat fitting in a window space;
(d) in other cpds. and combs.: ~ yeld, a tax or rent, possibly based on the number of windows a building possessed; bai ~, q.v.; chaumbre (stable, etc.) ~; gable ~ [see gable n.(1) (b)]; in ~ wise, in the manner of a window; shot ~, q.v.; ston ~, a window with a stone or masonry frame;
(e) her. a stylized representation of a window; poules ~, a cut-out design representing a window or windows in St. Paul’s Cathedral.
Associated quotations
a
- c1230 Ancr.(Corp-C 402)215/7 : Ȝef þet ei þing wriheð þi neb from monnes ehe, beo hit wah beo hit clað i wel i tund windowe, wel mei duhen ancre of oðer wimplunge.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)15385 : Bitwxen twam widewen [?read: windewen] þat maiden iwarð an selden.
- c1300 SLeg.Nich.(LdMisc 108)35 : To a derne wyndouwe softeliche seint Nicholas gan gon.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)602 : Fowerti dais after ðis, Arches windoge undon it is.
- a1350 My deþ (Hrl 2253)23 : In a wyndou þer we stod we custe vs fyfty syþe.
- c1330(?c1300) Guy(1) (Auch)4940 : Gij out at a windowe lay.
- c1380 Firumb.(1) (Ashm 33)1362 : Atte wondowe sche lynede out.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Deeds 20.9 : Euticus…sittinge on the wyndow…was dreynt with a greuous sleep.
- c1390(?c1350) SVrn.Leg.(Vrn)46/299 : In þe gable ende of þe churche Ben þreo wyndouwus of noble worche.
- c1390 Treat.Mass (Vrn)356 : He ladde him forþ…Til he com to þe wynt-douwe.
- a1400(?a1350) Siege Troy(1) (Eg 2862)137/1737 : At a wendow he slang him out.
- c1400(?a1300) KAlex.(LdMisc 622)6170 : Hij makeþ…wyndewes closed by on gynne.
- (1413) Will in Bdf.HRS 216 : My wreched stynkyng careyne to be beried wyþoute þe Chapell newe made wyþinne þe chirche ȝerd of þe Chirche of Bekford, myn heued ionyng to þe walle vndr þe Wyndoue of þe estende of þe same Chapelle.
- (1423) Doc.Brewer in Bk.Lond.E.162 : Two oþer plain wendowes, euerych wyndowe of ii bayes.
- (a1438) MKempe A (Add 61823)130/35 : Þan stode sche lokyng owt at a wyndown.
- c1440 HBk.GDei (Thrn)4/19 : If þou opynde the dores and wyndouse…þe sone walde come ine and lyghte alle þe house.
- (1451) Capgr.St.Gilb.(Add 36704)84/18 : He ordeyned…certeyn maydenes…whech schuld brynge on-to þat wyndowne mad in þe wal all þing þat was neccessary for hem.
- a1456(a1402) *Trev.Nicod.(Add 16165)102a : Þe Iuwes…brought him to a chaumbre þat hade no wyndowe [vr. no wyndouus].
- (1477) Paston2.422 : There arn wyndownys blow opyn in þe place.
- a1500(1396) Indent.Francisc.in RS 4.1 (Vit F.12)522 : The sayd wendos be made vj fote aboue the gistes of euerych of the stages.
- c1450(a1400) Libeaus (Clg A.2)1796 : Þe þores wer of bras, þe wyndowes [Lamb: wondowes] wer of glas, Florysseþ wyth jmagerye.
- a1500(c1410) Dives & P.(Htrn 270)1.318 : Sent Benet…bad anoþer monk…castyn it out at þe wyndounne.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)27/136 : Oone cubite on hight A wyndo shal thou make.
- a1500 GRom.(Glo 42)738/11 : Ther was anyȝtyngale wonte to come in-to hym at þe wyndewe.
- a1500 Mayer Nominale (Mayer)732/29 : Fenestra: a wyndoe.
- a1500 Thoythis fre (Dub 157)13 : In yon wendow…we ij stud.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)1648 : The windowes…Shapyn full shene all of shyre stones.
b
- (1359) Will Carlisle in Cum.West.AS 9 ()21 : Item, Beatrici Wyndow, xii d.
- ?c1430(c1383) Wycl.Leaven Pharisees (Corp-C 296)8 : Ȝif þei drawen þe peple in þe holiday by coryouste of gaye wyndownes and colours…fro conpunccion of here synnes…þei kepen euyl here holyday.
- a1475(1456) ?Bokenham Lineage Clare (ArmsV Clare Roll)p.475 : So conjoyned be Ulstris armes and Gloucestris thurghand thurgh, As shewith our wyndowes in housis thre.
- a1500(c1410) Dives & P.(Htrn 270)1.190 : It were betere to ȝeuyn þe monye to þe pore folc…þan so to spendyn it…in curyous wyndowys.
- a1500(?a1450) GRom.(Hrl 7333)348 : Do thou as Ionathas did…calle to the trew expositours, that is, discrete confessours or prelates, that may rise vp in thyn herte a stonen chambre and seker feith and hope for the wyndowes; than calle to the payntours, that mowe peynt in thyn hert x ymages.
c
- (1350) Doc.in Riley Mem.Lond.262 : [Also, in the chapel…2500 of] wyndounail [at 2 s. 6 d. the thousand].
- (1424-5) Rec.Norwich 265 : [For 2] stagnyng [read: staging] hirdel [and 1] wyndow stall [bought of the wife of William…9 d.].
- (1448-9) Acc.R.Dur.in Sur.Soc.99237 : Doorbandez, 1 hesp cum 2 stapillez, wyndowbandez.
- ?c1450 St.Cuth.(Eg 3309)4146 : Þe preste graped felgyld vysage…thurgh a wyndowe stage.
- (1467) Acc.Yatton in Som.RS 4 ()104 : For angyng of wyndow-levys in the treser-howse, vj d.
d
- (1348) Inquis.PM Edw.III9.44 : [The manor…including a ruinous castle, a plot of pasture called] Swynleys…[a custom called] Buchellyeld [and] Wyndoweyeld.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)4.211 : His chambre wyndowes.
- ?c1425 Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)192/11 : Be þere had a pype or penne holed in wyndowe-wise [Ch.(1): fenestrate, i. wyndowed].
- (?c1450) R.St.Edmund in Archaeol.42404 : j new stone wyndow half glas, iij s. iiij d.
- (1454-5) Acc.St.Ewen in BGAS 15159 : For naylys & bordes to the Shop Wyndowe…iij d.
- (1466) Acc.Howard in RC 57375 : Item, the same day my mastyr paid for canvas for the stable wyndowes, viij d.
- (c1470) Paston1.435 : iij panes of glasse…set in the chambir wyndowe over the chapell.
e
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mil.(Manly-Rickert)A.3318 : With Poules wyndow coruen on his shoos…he wente fetisly.
- (1472) Grant Arms in Antiq.49289 : I…have devysed for them…A Cheveron silver grailed, thre Castellis of the same garnysshed with dores and wyndows of the feld.
2.
An opening, aperture; also, fig. a point of access, gateway.
Associated quotations
- a1400 Wyl be þow ster (Mert 248)25 : Tow art wyndow of hewen mirth.
- a1425(c1395) WBible(2) (Roy 1.C.8)Gen.7.11 : The wyndowis [L cataractae] of heuene weren opened, and reyn was maad on erthe fourti daies.
- c1425(c1400) Primer (Cmb Dd.11.82)p.67 : Depþe clepiþ depþe, in þe vois of þi wyndowis [L cataractarum].
- ?c1425 Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)192/13 : It may be seyne by þe wyndowes [Ch.(1): fenestre; L fenestram] when þat þe nedle is passed.
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)911 : The vesare, þe aventaile, enarmede [read: enamelde] so faire…with wyndowes of syluer.
- c1450(c1440) Scrope Othea (StJ-C H.5)24/11 : Feith is…the yate of paradis, the wyndowe of lijf.
- c1475 Gregory's Chron.(Eg 1995)213 : They hadde pavysse…with schyttyng wyndowys to schute owte at.
- (1459) Invent.Fastolf(1) in Archaeol.21243 : Item, j Salt Saler, with j kever, well gilt, with many wyndowes.
3.
A sensory organ as a point of access to the body; also fig.; five windowes; parlour ~.
Associated quotations
- c1230 Ancr.(Corp-C 402)34/1 : Hwa se wule hire windowes witen wel wið þe uuele, ha mot ec wið þe gode.
- a1250 Ancr.(Tit D.18)3/16-17 : Forþi, mine leue sustre, þe leaste þat ȝe eauer muhen luues owre windohes [Corp-C: þurles] al beon ho lutle; þe parlure windohe beo least & narewest.
- ?a1289 Ancr.(Cleo C.6)52/6 : Windoun [Clg: Mid good richt muȝen ha beon ihaten ech [alt. to: eil] þurles, for ha habbeð muchel eil to moni ancre].
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)154/24 : Þise vif wyttes…byeþ þe wyndowes huerby comþ in þe dyaþ ofte to þe zaule.
- c1390 ?Hilton Qui Habitat (Vrn)33/10 : Sperre þe wyndouwes of þi bodilich wittes…and sech vre lord in þi þouȝt.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mel.(Manly-Rickert)B.2611 : The thre enemys of mankynde…the flessh, the feend, and the world, thow hast suffred hem entre in to thyn herte wilfully by the wyndowes of thy body.
- a1425(c1400) 5 Wits (Hrl 2398)1/24-5 : By þe wyndowe of tastynge: þe reyny cloude of glotonye; by þe wyndowe of felynge: þe brennynge hete of lecherye.
- (1434) Misyn ML (Corp-O 236)117/5 : His vtward wittis he sparis þat deed ascend not be þe wyndowes.
- c1450 In a valey (Lamb 853)103 : Loke out on me at þe wyndow of kyndenes.
- ?a1475(a1396) *Hilton SP (Hrl 6579)1.78.54b : Liȝt vp þi lanterne and se in þis ymage fife wyndowes bi þe wilk synne comiþ in to þi sowle.
- a1500(c1340) Rolle Psalter (UC 64)118.37 : Ded cummys in at oure wyndous of oure wittis.