Middle English Dictionary Entry
wī̆ldernes(se n.
Entry Info
Forms | wī̆ldernes(se n. Also wildernese, wildernise, wildernosse, wildirnes(se, wildirenes, wildurnes(se, wildrenes(se & (errors) wyldynesse, wyldylnesse, wydernesse, wirdernesse. |
Etymology | Prob. from OE wild-dēor, wildēor, wildīor; also cp. ME wī̆lderne n. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) Wild, uninhabited, or uncultivated territory; trackless, desolate land; a tract or region of wild or uninhabited land; a desert; also fig.;
(b) in names of specific places: ~ of inde; ~ of the jeuerie, the wilderness of Judea; ~ of wirale, the forest of Wirral; se of ~, the Dead Sea;
(c) a devastated or depopulated place, a ruined city, a ruin; pl. ruins;
(d) a state of ruin or desolation, the condition of devastation;
(e) fig. human life and experience; the secular world.
Associated quotations
a
- a1200 Trin.Hom.(Trin-C B.14.52)161 : Weste is cleped þat londe, þat is longe tilde atleien, and wildernesse.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Juliana (Bod 34)35/364 : Ich…makede & readde israeles folc to leauen iþe wildernesse.
- c1275(?c1250) Owl & N.(Clg A.9)1000 : Þat lond nis god…Ac wildernisse hit is & weste.
- a1300 Loue is a selkud (Dc 139)2 : Loue is a selkud wodenesse Þat þe idel mon ledeth by wildernesse.
- ?c1335 Sith Gabriell gan (Hrl 913)p.162 : Hi wend best In wildernis hab rest.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)334 : Now it is as a wildernesse, vor noman þer inne nis.
- c1330 Orfeo (Auch)45/536 : Þurth a wildernes as y ȝede…y founde…Wiþ lyouns a man to-torn.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)3311 : Lever me hade bene have woned in wirdernesse [read: wildernesse] wiþ mi lemman swete þan wonye here in al þe welþe of þe world riche.
- c1390 NHom.Narrat.(Vrn)40.306/9 : Þis wildirnesses…Is loken a boute wiþ heȝe hulles.
- a1400(?a1350) Siege Troy(1) (Eg 2862)23/280 : Þe Childe kept swyn xiiij ȝere…In wyldernesse [vr. wyldernyse] euer þey ware.
- a1400 Cursor (Trin-C R.3.8)4080 : At home moost was Joseph…his breþeren [dwelled] in wildernosse [Göt: wildrenes] wilde.
- a1425 *Medulla (Stnh A.1.10)20b/a : Desertum: wyldernis [Hrl 1738: wyldylnesse].
- c1425 Mirror LM&W (Hrl 45)71/2 : All mankynde in this world nys but in exile and wildernesse.
- c1430(c1386) Chaucer LGW (Benson-Robinson)970 : He walketh in this wildernesse Til…he mette an hunteresse.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)528 : Wyyldernesse: Solitudo, heremus.
- c1450(c1415) Roy.Serm.(Roy 18.B.23)288/3 : The þirde case is when þat a man shall goy by anny parlous place, as to þe see, or in-to wildurnes, oþur in lande of warre amonge is enmyes.
- c1450(a1425) MOTest.(SeldSup 52)11307 : To wyldernese he [Elijah] went alone.
- c1450 This is goddis (Lamb 853)25 : Fourti ȝeer in wildirnes [vr. wyldurnesse] Wiþ aungelis fode y þee fedde.
- c1460 Tree & Fruits HG (McC 132)100/22 : I haue fled…þat I myght dwelle in wildirnes [vr. wyldynesse].
- ?c1475 *Cath.Angl.(Add 15562)139b : Wyldernes: Desertum, heremus, solitudo.
- c1500 King & H.(Ashm 61:Furness)127 : I won here in wyldernes With rotys and ryndes among wyld bestes.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)4431 : God…Wroght hym [Satan] to a worme in wildurnes like, Writhen…like a wilde Eddur.
b
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Josh.3.16 : Þo…þat were neþermore into þe see of wildernes þat now is cleped ded descended yn.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)701 : He…farez ouer þe fordez…til he hade est bonk In þe wyldrenesse of Wyrale.
- c1400 Bible SNT(1) (Selw 108 L.1)Mat.3.2 : In þo dayes Ion bapist come, prechynge in þe wyldernes (or, in þe desert) of þe Iewrye.
- c1450 Mandev.(4) (CovCRO Acc.325/1)1296 : That ryuer commeth rennynge…Through þe grete wildirnes of Ynde.
c
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)1 Esd.9.9 : Oure god…boowede in vp on vs merci…Þat he ȝeue to vs lijf & rere þe hous of oure god & make out þe wildernessis of it.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Jer.25.12 : I shal visiten vp on þe king of babiloyne…þe wickenesse of hem & vp on þe lond caldeis & putten it in to…wildernesses [L solitudines].
- c1400(?a1300) KAlex.(LdMisc 622)5890 : Alisaunder…Sette on fyre that cite…And made therof wildernesse.
- a1450(?c1421) Lydg.ST (Arun 119)4639 : Thebes…brouht vnto Ruyne And…To wydernesse [read: wyldernesse] turnyd and desert.
- a1450 Mandev.(3) (BodeMus 116)31/32 : Babilonye…thow it be callid a tour, yit ther were in the cerkele manye fayre edificis that now arn distroyed and now is al wildyrnesse.
d
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Lev.26.43 : Off þe loonde…y shal have mynde þat whenne hit were forsakyn of hem hit shal pleese to hym self…soffrynge wildernes [vr. wildernesses] for hem.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Is.24.12 : Laft is in the huge cite wildernesse [WB(2): Desolation], and wrecchidnesse shal opressen the ȝates.
- (c1449) Pecock Repr.(Cmb Kk.4.26)370 : The tenementis…which the clergie…holden…is better…kept fro falling into nouȝt and into wildirnes.
e
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)101/10 : Wildernesse is anlich lif of ancre wununge.
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)101/21 : Ȝe, mine leoue sustren, wendeð bi þe…wei toward te hehe ierusalem…gað þah ful warliche, for i þis wildernesse beoð uuele beastes monie: Liun of prude…vnicorne of wreaððe, [etc.].
- a1500(c1340) Rolle Psalter (UC 64)147.4 : In erth we trauayle, wery, seke…and slaw, bot he forsakis vs noght in this wildirenes.