Middle English Dictionary Entry
wicch(e n.
Entry Info
Forms | wicch(e n. Also wich(e, wichche, witche, wech(e, whiche, (early) wicce; pl. wicches, etc. & wic(c)hen, wecches, (early) wichchene. |
Etymology | OE wicca masc. & wicce fem. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) A practitioner, male or female, of the occult arts, a sorcerer or sorceress, necromancer, diviner; also, a maker of magical potions or poisons; ~ of (the) ei, Margery Jordemain (or Jourdemaine, Jurdeman), accused and found guilty of using sorcery to seek the death of Henry VI and executed at Smithfield in 1441; ~ of fraunce, Joan of Arc; a spirit of a ~, a medium’s ability;
(b) a practitioner of pagan rituals, sacrifices, etc., an idolator, infidel [sometimes difficult to distinguish from (a)]; ?a false prophet [quot. a1464]; a pagan deity, an oracle, or a monster; also, a representation of such [quot. a1460]; also, with diminished force, as a term of abuse, esp. for someone assumed to be in league with the devil or aided by supernatural powers; olde ~, an ugly old woman, a hag, crone;
(c) an evil female spirit which oppresses men in their sleep or afflicts horses at night [cp. night-mare n.];
(d) in cpd.: ~ falsnesse, ?magically generated phenomena;
(e) supernatural power;—prob. error for wicche-craft n.
Associated quotations
a
- a1150(OE) Vsp.D.Hom.(Vsp D.14)7/31 : Ne acse þu nanre wicce rædes, ne sech þu riht æt deaden.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Juliana (Bod 34)35/372 : Ich hit am þet spec þurh simunes muð þe wicche.
- a1275 *Body & S.(4) (Trin-C B.14.39)131 : Ne wiche ne walkirie vit hire uiche craft Ne mit binimen þen det, hir mitte and ir maite.
- a1300 Bestiary (Arun 292)427 : Ðis deuel is mikel wið wil & magt So witches hauen in here craft.
- c1300 SLeg.(LdMisc 108)78/19 : He founde tweie luþere men and strongue wichchene þere, Zaroen and Arphaxat þat þe deueles limes were.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)2959 : Iannes and mambres, wiches wod, Him ðhugte he maden water blod; It was on fendes wise wrogt.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)19/27 : Oþer belefþ more þanne he ssolde, ase doþ þe deuines and þe wichen and þe charmeresses þet workeþ be þe dyeules crefte.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)2.421 : Varro telleþ…of þat famous wicche Circe.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)8150 : Alle þe wecches wyþ alle here myȝt Shul neuer drecche [þe]…with no queyntyse of here artt.
- c1400 Daniel *Herbal (Arun 42)f.35r : Milfoyl .. Plinius seyth þat wicchys & nygrimauncers presyn mykil þis erbe.
- c1400 Bible SNT(1) (Selw 108 L.1)Deeds 16.16 : A wenche þat hade a spiritte of a wycche mette vs, þo whiche gafe grete wynnynge vnto [hire] lordes by dyuynynge.
- ?a1425(c1400) Mandev.(1) (Tit C.16)106/9 : Ȝif ony cursed wycche or enchauntour wolde bewycchen him that bereth the dyamand, all þat sorwe…schall turne to himself.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)526 : Wytche: Magus, maga, sortilegus, sortilega.
- (1440) Wars France in RS 22.2763 : Alia mulier magica, vocata vulgariter Wyche of Eye…capta est…et apud Smythfeld cremata.
- ?a1450 Macer (Stockh Med.10.91)171 : Wychches comaunden and preysen þis herbe.
- c1450(c1380) Chaucer HF (Benson-Robinson)1262 : Ther saugh I pleye jugelours…And Phitonesses, charmeresses, Olde wicches, sorceresses, That use exorsisacions.
- c1450(c1430) Brut-1430 (Glb E.8)439/23 : At that same Journey was take the wicche of Fraunce that was callid th[e] ‘Pusshell’…by her crafte of sorserie alle the Frensshe men and her compeny trystid for to haue ouyrcome alle the Engelisshe pepull.
- c1450 Gt.Chron.(Gldh 3313)175 : In short whyle afftyr were arestid…Roger Bolyngbrook, a clerk cunnyng & expert In Negramancy, and oon margery Jordemayn, othirwyse callid the wycch of Eye, that dwellid nere unto westmynstir.
- ?c1475 *Cath.Angl.(Add 15562)139a : A Weche: Veneficus…A Whiche: phitonissa.
- a1500(c1410) Dives & P.(Htrn 270)1.4 : How astromyenys & whychis knowyn þingys þat ben don.
- a1500(c1465) SEChron.(Lamb 306)63 : Dame Elynore Cobham…and…Maiste Roger Bultyngbroke, throwe nigrymancye, and a wyche of the Eye, by wychcrafte, had conspired the kynges dethe.
- a1500 Mayer Nominale (Mayer)695/16 : Saga: a wech.
b
- a1200 PMor.(Trin-C B.14.52)103 : Hwat sullen horlinges don, þes wichen and þe forsworene.
- c1300 SLeg.Kath.(LdMisc 108)279 : Faste ȝe schulle þe wychche binde…And smitez of hire heued.
- a1325 SLeg.(Corp-C 145)588/76 : Þe tormentors hupte forþ hare cloþes of to drawe And hi alle þane leste þred nemiȝte enes wawe…‘Hou geþ þis,’ quaþ þe emperor, ‘þe wicchen it ssolleþ abugge.’
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)40/33 : Me draȝþ uoulliche þet bodi of oure lhorde, aze doþ þe ereges and þe wychen and þe kueade prestes.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)18.69 : Some seyde þat he was goddes sone…And somme saide he was a wicche.
- c1400 Wycl.CGosp.Luke (Bod 243:Hudson)36/15 : Þouȝ summe clepen ȝou now disseyueris and wicchis, tyme to comynge schal schewe alle þingis and schal reproue her fals caleng.
- c1440 St.Chris.(Thrn)732 : Wyches…waa mot yow be! Hafe ȝe forsakyne my goddis so free Thurghe þe concelle of this false Juglour?
- a1450(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.1 (Lamb 131)503 : Þere biside þre wicches ware, Ladies were cald…Iuno…Pallas, þe þrydde Venus.
- a1456(a1402) *Trev.Nicod.(Add 16165)95a : ‘He is a wichche,’ þoo quod þe Iuwes, ‘and casteþe oute feondes to þe strenkeþe of Belzebub, prynce of feondes.’
- (a1460) Vegetius(2) (Pmb-C 243)525 : The centenaryes thervppon shal picche Her pavilons, and dragonys and signys Shal vp be set, and Gorgona the wicche Vpsette they; to juste batail condigne is Vch helply thing.
- (a1464) Capgr.Chron.(Cmb Gg.4.12)75/7 : Þat cursed Machomet, þe prophete of þe Sarasines…was a wich, and he had eke þe falling euele; and whan he fel so, he feyned þat Gabriel þe aungell appered þan onto him.
- a1475 Friar & B.(Brog 2.1)p.54 : Be God, he ys a schrewd byche, In fayth, y trow, he be a wyche, He dothe me mykyll grame.
- c1475(a1449) Lydg.OFools (LdMisc 683)113 : A lusty galaunt…weddit an olde wicche.
- 1485(a1470) Malory Wks.(Caxton:Vinaver)18/13 : Some of the kynges had merveyl of Merlyns wordes…and som of hem lough hym to scorne, as kyng Lot, and mo other called hym a wytche.
- a1500(?a1450) GRom.(Hrl 7333)402 : A man there was of false bileue and a wich, that leuyd not on the sacremente.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)11182 : The worthy þat wicche [Penthesilea] hase wastid to dethe.
c
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)526 : Wytche [KC: wyche; Win: wycch], clepyd nyghte mare: epialtes.
d
- c1425(?c1400) Wycl.Apol.(Dub 245)93 : Þei…tenden to wiche falsnes [L magicis falsitatibus] in hailes or tempestis.
e
- c1400(?c1375) NHom.(3) Leg.(Tbr E.7)27/131 : Witche [Hrl: Þe wemen war slegh and quante; With wicche-craft his eghen þai hid And made him do so als he did].