Middle English Dictionary Entry
werpen v.
Entry Info
Forms | werpen v. Also werp(e, warp(e(n, warpon, worp(e(n & (early) wirp(e, wurp(en, varpen, (SWM) weorpen & (?error) wrape; sg.3 werpeth, etc. & (early) werpð, (error) weopð; p.sg. werped, warped, warpped & werp(e, warp(e, wrap(pe, (early) weorp, wurpe & (error) worþ; pl. warpid & warp, worpen, (early) wurpen, wurepan & (error) wrpen; ppl. werped(e, warped, wrappid & worpen. |
Etymology | OE weorpan, worpan, wurpan, wyrpan, wirpan; p. wearp, warp; pl. wurpon; ppl. worpen. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
Note: Cp. aworpen v., iwerpen v.
1.
(a) To hasten, rush; rush (toward sb. or sth.); also, refl. propel oneself (into thorns); ~ awei;
(b) to leap (out of someone’s hand).
Associated quotations
a
- c1225(?c1200) HMaid.(Bod 34)6/37 : Flesches lustes & feondes eggunge weorrið & warpeð eauer towart tis tur forte keasten hit adun.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Marg.(1) (Bod 34)32/8 : Ich leote…a cleane mon wunien neh a cleane wummon þet ich nawhit towart ham ne warpe ne ne weorri, ah leote ham al iwurðen.
- ?a1300 11 Pains(1) (Dgb 86)404/151 : Eft hoe werpeþ al in al And herneþ to þat ilke gal.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)7517 : Alle naked hym-self he wrappe Among þe þornes þat were sharpe.
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)2746 : I rede ȝe…warpes wylily awaye.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)10462 : Þai wan in wightly, warpit to þe yates, Barrit hom full bigly with boltes of yerne.
b
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)2804 : It warp vt of hise hond.
2.
(a) To throw (sb. or sth.), fling, hurl; throw (oneself before sb.); also, fig. cast (blame on God); heap (derision on sb.); ~ awei (in, oute, etc.);
(b) to pelt (sb. with bones);
(c) to scatter (seed); sprinkle (blood, water);
(d) ~ oute, to toss out (a rope, net) into the sea; ~ oute in the se;
(e) to cast (lots).
Associated quotations
a
- a1150(OE) Vsp.D.Hom.(Vsp D.14)61/22 : Gyf þin hand oððe þin fot þe swichie, aceorf þæt lið & wurp fram þe.
- ?a1200(OE) Hrl.HApul.(Hrl 6258B)171/15 : Wyrp him seððam mete toforen, þa þæt he hyne aracen ne mæȝe.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)16040 : Þurrh þatt he warrp ut i þe flor Þe sillferr & te bordess.
- a1200 Trin.Hom.(Trin-C B.14.52)105 : Þe unbileffulle…Werpeð þat gilt uppen ure drihten.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Kath.(1) (Bod 34)74/515 : Me weorp ham mid tis ilke word amidde þe leie.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Kath.(1) (Bod 34)106/741 : Þeȝet, ne mahte [ha] na mare; ah dude hire adun swiðe, ant forð, wiðute fearlac, o uet þidewardes; ant weorp hire biuoren þen awariede wulf.
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)123/15 : Þe his wepnen warpeð awei, him luste beon iwundet.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)1245 : Heo nom Æstrild & Abren…& lette heom worpen in ane deope watere.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)14404 : Þeos king wes aðel Bruttisc mon hux and hoker me warp him on.
- ?a1300 Jacob & J.(Bod 652)102 : In þe pette hi worpen þat child in.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)2640 : Ðe child it warp dun to de grund.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)2923 : Worpen he ðor wondes dun, Fro euerilc ðor crep a dragun.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)3025 : Moyses askes up-nam And warpes vt til heuene-ward.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)3358 : He sulen me werpen stones on.
- a1450(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.1 (Lamb 131)15875 : His staf ful sleyly vp he warp.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)1300 : Þai…Weris wondirly wele, werpis out stanes.
- a1475(?a1430) Lydg.Pilgr.(Vit C.13)21932 : What woldestow ha sayd to me, Yiff I hadde wrappyd the, Nakyd, cast the vp and doun In thornys for thy savacioun?
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)13412 : He was…warpet ouer-burde.
b
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)14753 : Heo…wurpen hine mid banen.
c
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)1706 : He warrp siþþen þe blod Wiþþ strenncless o þatt allterr.
- a1200 Trin.Hom.(Trin-C B.14.52)161 : Hie wenden þe eorðe and wurpen god sad þaronne.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)2255 : Me warp on his nebbe cold welle-watere.
d
- a1150(OE) Vsp.D.Hom.(Vsp D.14)62/6 : Ga to þære sæ, & wurp ut þinne angol.
- a1200 Trin.Hom.(Trin-C B.14.52)175 : Ðe holi godspel…seið þat ure helende giede bi þe se, and segh þos tweie brodren in þe se on here shipe werpinde ut here fishnet in þe se.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)10145 : Heo wurpen ut enne rap & Baldulf hine faste igrap.
e
- a1150(OE) Vsp.D.Hom.(Vsp D.14)120/25 : Heo wurpen þa tan betwux heom, & bæden þæt God scolde geswuteligen hwanen him þæt ungelimp become.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)140 : Heo wrpen [read: wurpen] heore leoten.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)6915 : Vmbe fiftene ȝer þat folc hi isomned al ure iledene folc & heore loten werpeð vppen þan þe hit faled he scal uaren of londe.
3.
(a) To throw (sb.) in combat, wrestling, etc., bring (sb.) down; also fig.; knock or pull (a rider from a horse); also, with adv.: ~ doun (of, under);
(b) ~ adoun (doun), to pull or knock down (a temple, a door), demolish;
(c) fig. bring (sb., the world) low, cast down; ~ doun.
Associated quotations
a
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)3575 : Crist wass strang wiþþ hannd inoh To werrpenn dun þe deofell.
- a1225(c1200) Vices & V.(1) (Stw 34)63/18 : Ðine arewen…wundieð ðane forgilte mann…Þu werpest him ðer niðer, þat he lið istreiht upe ðare bare ierðe.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)14336 : Mine wiðer-iwinnen, weorpeð heom to grunden.
- c1275(?c1250) Owl & N.(Clg A.9)768 : Me mai…worpe of horsse kniȝtes.
- c1425(c1400) Ld.Troy (LdMisc 595)6683 : We schal of hem to grounde wrape [?read: warpe] With swordes bryght and speres scharpe.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)1297 : The Troiens…Wondit of þe wightist, warpide hom vnder.
b
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)16254 : Tu darrst ȝellpenn þatt tu mahht Itt i þre daȝhess reȝȝsenn; Ȝiff þatt wet werrpenn dun, inoh Þu leȝhesst o þe sellfenn.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)12921 : Þæs bures dure he warp adun Þat heo to-barst a uiuen.
c
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)24/5 : Ȝef me warpe wið him al þe worlt under fet.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)714 : Aram bi-gat loth…In lond caldea, hur hicte ðe tun, Quor deades strenge warp him dun.
4.
(a) To expel (sb.); drive (sb. from a state or place); also, expel (demons, sin, etc. from sb.); cause (the devil, Adam) to be expelled; fig. drive (thoughts out of one’s heart); ~ oute;
(b) ~ abak (awei), to relinquish (tears, the world, etc.), give up;
(c) to shed (antlers).
Associated quotations
a
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)112/15 : God heom weorp of þam mucele murhðe on þisse deaþelic lif.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)12057 : Þatt hill…Bitacneþþ modiȝnesse, Þatt warrp þe deofell all wiþþ rihht Ut off þe blisse off heoffne.
- a1225(c1200) Vices & V.(1) (Stw 34)105/16 : Ðis ilche iustise warp ut him ðe was briht angel on heuene; Hie warp ut Adam of paradise.
- c1225(?c1200) HMaid.(Bod 34)4/24 : Þes þonkes warp ut of þin heorte.
- c1225(?c1200) HMaid.(Bod 34)36/529 : Þeonne godd weorp [Tit: warp] hire, sone se ha iboren wes.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Kath.(1) (Bod 34)2/8 : Maxence…fleah into Alixandre; Constantin walde efter ant warpen him þeonne.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Marg.(1) (Bod 34)44/8 : Wesch me wið-innen & warp from me a-wei eauer-euch sunne.
- c1225 SWard (Roy 17.A.27)38/367 : ‘Varpeð ut,’ quoð warschipe, ‘farlac ure fa.’
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)118/17 : Þe deoflen þet ure lauerd weorp [Nero: werp] ut of a mon…seiden…‘mittite nos in porcos.’
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)181/20 : Dimitte vniuersa delicta mea…Warp [Nero: worp; Pep: werpe] awei from me alle mine gultes.
- a1350 Weping haueþ (Hrl 2253)48 : Semen him may on sonde þis semly seruen so, boþe wiþ fet ant honde, for on þat vs warp from wo.
b
- a1225(?OE) Vsp.A.Hom.(Vsp A.22)239 : Se hlaford…sit mid his derewrþe ȝefered mid niȝen anglene had…mid al þan þe þer midenarde for his lufe werpeð abec.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Kath.(1) (Bod 34)94/661 : Twa hundret cnihtes…wurpen alle awei hare witlese lei.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)24247 : Mi suet moder…Nu comforth þe…And werp awai þi wepe.
c
- a1300 Bestiary (Arun 292)236 : Ðe hert…werpeð er hise hornes in wude er in ðornes.
5.
(a) To produce (crops), send forth; ~ oute, shoot forth [quot. a1225(?OE) Lamb.Hom.DD]; also, cause (water) to shoot (from a mouth or stone); splash (tears on sb.);
(b) to lay eggs [1st quot.]; also, lay (an egg).
Associated quotations
a
- ?a1200(?OE) PDidax.(Hrl 6258b)21/15 : Nim þanne þat wæter, and habbe on hys muþe swa wearm swa he forbere mæȝe…þanne hyt si col, wyrpe hyt ut of hys muþe.
- a1225(?OE) Lamb.Hom.(Lamb 487)129 : Þurh þisse tacne Moyses werp ut þet welle weter of þan herda flinte.
- a1225(?OE) Lamb.Hom.DD (Lamb 487)41 : Seodðan he him sceaude an ouen on berninde fure he [?read: þe] warp ut of him seofe leies uwilan of seolcuðre heowe.
- a1225(?OE) Vsp.A.Hom.(Vsp A.22)233 : He is hure fader…his eorðe us werpð corn and westm.
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)125/4 : As ofte as þe feond asaileð ower castel & te sawle burh, wið inwarde bonen warpeð ut up on him scaldinde teares.
b
- c1400 Gloss.Bibbesw.(Hrl 490:Koch)p.76 : Warpys [vr. werthes; Cmb: A henne coppet leith; glossing AF (Cmb): Ke geline huppé poune].
- a1450 Sentence in YULG 60 (Yale 3.34)57 : Copy…our heyn þat…wp vsys to werp hyr hegis þer out.
- c1450 Alph.Tales (Add 25719)224/17 : Þer was a man þat had a guse & sho warpyd euer-ilk day ane egg.
- ?c1475 *Cath.Angl.(Add 15562)136a : To Warpe as byrdis dose: Incubare, ponere oua.
- a1500(c1340) Rolle Psalter (UC 64)90.13 : The snake werpis and the tade nuryssis þe eg, and tharof is broght forth the basilyske.
6.
(a) To utter (words, a cry, etc.); also, heave (a sigh); ~ oute;
(b) to direct (one’s gaze at sb. or sth.).
Associated quotations
a
- c1225(?c1200) St.Juliana (Bod 34)19/198 : He…weorp a sic.
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)158/2 : Wið þis schulen þe forlorene warpen a swuch ȝur þet heouene & eorðe mahen ba grimliche agrisen.
- a1350 Opon a somer (LdMisc 108)118 : A word he warp & wepte wiþ.
- c1400(a1376) PPl.A(1) (Trin-C R.3.14)10.33 : Þoruȝ þe woord þat he warp [vrr. werpes, wrap] wexe forþ bestis.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)284 : As wyȝe, wo hym withinne werp to hymseluen, ‘Me forþynkez ful much þat ever I mon made.’
- c1400(?c1380) Patience (Nero A.10)356 : Þat on journay ful joynt Jonas hym ȝede, Er euer he warpped any worde to wyȝe þat he mette.
- c1400(?c1380) Pearl (Nero A.10)879 : A note ful nwe I herde hem warpe; To lysten þat watz ful lufly dere.
- ?a1425 Susan.(Hnt HM 114)134 : Syche woordis þei warpyd to þat worthy in wone.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)243 : If þou a wirschipfull worde has werpid & spoken, A riall roune þou me redis.
- a1500(c1400) St.Erk.(Hrl 2250)329 : Þe wordes þou werpe and þe water þat þou sheddes—Þe bryȝt bourne of þin eghen—my bapteme is worthyn.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)2683 : Ho…Warpet out wordes wonder to here.
b
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)12758 : Crist warrp eȝhe upponn Symon.
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)31/24,32/25 : Hwa se hefde iseid to eue þa ha weorp earst hire ehe þron [apple], ‘A Eue…þu warpest ehe o þi deað,’ hwet hefde ha iondsweret?
7.
(a) To propel (sth.), push;
(b) to thrust out (a part of the body); hang (one’s head); also, toss (one foot or knee over the other); lay (hands on sb.); ~ adoun (forth);
(c) to put (clothing) on or off; ~ on (of);
(d) to raise (a gate); lift up (a lid); ~ up.
Associated quotations
a
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)444 : As þat lyftande lome luged aboute, Where þe wynde and þe weder warpen hit wolde, Hit saȝtled on a softe day synkande to grounde.
b
- a1225(c1200) Vices & V.(1) (Stw 34)135/3 : Ne lat hie nawht ðe hande pleiȝende mid stikke…ne mid fote sitten toterinde, ne ðen enne worpen ouer ðan oðre.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Marg.(1) (Bod 34)6/17 : Þe knihtes wolden warpen honden on hire.
- c1225 Body & S.(2) (Wor F.174)68/27 : Þu wurpe [cne]ow ofer cneow.
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)47/20 : He…warpeð [Nero: weorpeð] adun þet heaueð.
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)51/11 : Ȝef ei wurðeð swa awed þet he warpe hond forð toward te þurl clað…shutteð al.
- c1275(?c1250) Owl & N.(Clg A.9)596 : Þar me mai þe ilomest finde, Þar men worpeþ hore bihinde.
c
- a1350 Opon a somer (LdMisc 108)4 : Day daweþ ouer doune, derk is in towne…I warp on my wedes, to wode wolde I wende.
- c1390 Susan.(Vrn)124 : Þe wyf werp of hir wedes vn-werde.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)2025 : Þe wlonkest wedes he warp on hym-seluen.
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)901 : Sir Arthure…Wente to hys wardrope, and warpe of hys wedez.
d
- c1390(?c1350) Jos.Arim.(Vrn)257 : He bad him lifte vp and þe lide warpes.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)1526 : Þus atired he þe toune & titely þar-eftir On ilka way wid open werped he þe ȝatis.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)2142 : ‘Ne steke we noȝt oure stiff ȝatis ȝour strenthe to defend, Bot for dred of ser Dary’…‘Werpis þam vp,’ quod þe wee.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)11924 : When the buernes of the burgh were broght vpon slepe, He warpit vp a wicket, wan hom with-oute.
8.
(a) To cram (a house);
(b) to place (sb. in prison) forcibly; consign (sb. or sth. to hellfire); also fig.; also, throw (sb. to wild animals).
Associated quotations
a
- c1450(?a1370) Winner & W.(Add 31042)250 : Iche a wy…that wonnes the abowte…hase werpede thy wyde howses full of wolle sakkes; The bemys benden at the rofe.
b
- a1150(OE) Vsp.D.Hom.(Vsp D.14)38/16 : Let he hine nymen & wurpen þan leonen.
- a1150(OE) Vsp.D.Hom.(Vsp D.14)40/34 : Heo hine wurepan into þan wildeoran.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)8136 : He wass i cwarrterrne…Þær he wass þurrh hiss faderr ær Wiþþ mikell wraþþe worrpenn.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)11855 : He wile werrpenn hemm Dun inntill depe sinness.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)19608 : He let bindenn himm…& i cwarrterrne werrpenn.
- a1225(c1200) Vices & V.(1) (Stw 34)61/31 : Of him ȝe aweð to ben ofdrad, þe mai baðe lichame and saule werpen in to ðe fier of helle.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Juliana (Bod 34)71/776 : Drihtin…weopð [read: weorpð] þet dusti chef to hellene heate.
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)65/3 : To wac ha is istrengðet þet a windes puf a word mei afellen & warpen in to sunne.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)5063 : Þou faithly shall fynd…A hundrith thowsaund þro men þriuand in armys, The weghes to wound & warpe vnto dethe.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)10973 : Mony worthy þai woundit & warpit to dethe.
9.
(a) To become crooked or bent, warp; of a person’s hair: ?curl;
(b) to bend (sth.) out of shape, twist; also, contort (a person’s body); fig. distort (a word); ~ insonder; ppl. werpede, elongated; long werpede;
(c) ~ heu, of flesh: to change color.
Associated quotations
a
- (c1392) ?Westwyk EPlanets (Peterh 75)18/8 : The…rownde bord, for it shal nat werpe ne krooke…shal be bownde wt a plate of yren.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)517 : Warpyn, or wex wronge or avelonge, as vesselle: Oblongo.
- a1500 Parton.(1) (Add 35288)8973 : His heere gan warpe [UC: hert gan qwappe], his colour gan chaunge.
b
- a1400 Lanfranc (Ashm 1396)111/5 : Þis is þe foorme of an heed weel propossiound…þat he be long warpid [vr. longewarped], hauynge tofore & bihynde eminence.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)517 : Warpyn, or make wronge: Curvo.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)798 : Al to-wraiste þai þar wode & werpis in-sondire.
- ?a1475 PParv.(Win)516 : Warpyd or auylonge warpynge of webstaris werpynge: Staminacio.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)271/413 : Thou art warpyd all in wo and spred here on a tre.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)1426 : A word þat is wrappid, and in wrath holdyn, May feston as a fyre with a fuerse lowe.
c
- a1200 Trin.Hom.(Trin-C B.14.52)183 : Among þat þe sowle witeð, þe licame worpeð hewe.
10.
(a) To lay a warp in preparation for weaving; also, weave (a piece of cloth or clothing); weave (a design into cloth); of a spider: spin (a web);
(b) fig. to prepare for life; contrive (sth., sth. for sb.).
Associated quotations
a
- a1300 Bestiary (Arun 292)363 : Ðe spinnere [spider]…werpeð ðus hire web & weueð on hire wise.
- a1325 Gloss.Bibbesw.(Cmb Gg.1.1)449 : La tristresce qaunt per n le [read: perulé] ha [glossed:] werpen [vrr. worpyn, warpys], Tantost les trames voidra.
- c1350 Cmb.Ee.4.20.Nominale (Cmb Ee.4.20)336 : Homme poet teil perer: M. may a webbe warpe.
- c1400 Femina (Trin-C B.14.40)37 : Þe webestere, whanne worpyn [F parubble ad] she…A non hyre tromez she wyndeþ vppe.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)517 : Warpon, as webstarys: Stamino, licio.
- c1450(?a1370) Winner & W.(Add 31042)64 : Then were thre [read: ther] wordes in þe webbe werped of he[u].
- c1450 Pilgr.LM (Cmb Ff.5.30)121 : This mantelle…is furred with fox skynnes…maad and worpen of the wulle of white sheep.
- ?c1475 *Cath.Angl.(Add 15562)136a : To warpe A webe: protelare.
- a1500 *Medulla (Hrl 1738)72a/a : Stamino: to warpyn.
b
- ?c1335 Lollai lollai (Hrl 913)29 : Lollai…litil child, so wo þe worþ [read: worp] adam, in þe lond of paradis þroȝ wikidnes of satan.
- c1350 MPPsalter (Add 17376)p.180 : My lif is coruen as of þe woniand [read: weuand]; [he] by-share me þer-whiles þat ich werped [vr. warped; L Dum adhuc ordirer].
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)5.365 : He answerde…þat he wolde warpe suche a webbe to the emperise þat sche schulde nevere have it of here lyves ende.
- c1450 Pilgr.LM (Cmb Ff.5.30)179 : Alwey he werpeth temptaciouns and breideth hem and weueth hem.
11.
In surnames.
Associated quotations
- (1271) Doc.in Bateson Rec.B.Leic.1 ()134 : Werpeloc.
- (1300-1301) Nickname in LuSE 55184 : Rob. Warpelou.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
- c1475(1392) *MS Wel.564 (Wel 564)37b/b : It makiþ þe stomakis mouþ and also al þe selue stomak, þe schappe of whom is not fully round but sumdel long wrappid [L: fere rotunda aliquantulum]; neþeles on þe oon half Jt is gibbouse or bowynge out.
Note: Belongs to werpen v., sense 9.(b).--per REL