Middle English Dictionary Entry
werk-man n.
Entry Info
Forms | werk-man n. Pl. werkmen, etc. & (N) wurkemen, (SW) vorcmen & (error) yerkmen. |
Etymology | OE weorc-mann, werc-monn, (Nhb.) woerc-monn. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
Note: For other forms see werk n.(1) & man n.
1.
(a) A laborer, hired worker; also fig. and in fig. context; also, one who performs servile or menial tasks, a servant; commune ~;
(b) a practitioner of a skilled trade, craft, or occupation, a craftsman, an artisan [occas. difficult to distinguish from (a)]; one who produces crafted objects or works with raw materials; crafti (queinte) ~; gret ~ aboven, God as the creator of the world;
(c) a customary tenant, one who holds land in exchange for customary work services;
(d) ?a warrior, soldier;—?error for *werre-man [cp. wer(re n.];
(e) as surname.
Associated quotations
a
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)206/25 : Ah i þe ende of his lif, þet wes as i þe euentid hwen me ȝelt wercmen hare deies hure.
- c1275 Ken.Serm.(LdMisc 471)220/214 : Se sergant dede þes lordes commandement, so paide þo werkmen and yaf euerich ane peny.
- c1330(?c1300) Bevis (Auch)3230 : A morwe þe barouns gonne arise, Sum to honten and sum to cherche, And werk men gonne for to werche.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Mat.9.38 : Preye ȝe the lord of the rijpe corn, that he sende workmen into his rijp corn.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Sum.(Manly-Rickert)D.1973 : The hye god that al this world hath wroght Seith that the werkman worthy is his hire.
- c1400(a1376) PPl.A(1) (Trin-C R.3.14)7.302 : I warne ȝow werkmen [B vr. yerkmen], wynneþ while ȝe mowe.
- c1400(?c1380) Pearl (Nero A.10)507 : Þe lorde ful erly vp he ros, To hyre werkmen to hys vyne.
- c1400 Bible SNT(1) (Selw 108 L.1)2 Tim.2.15 : Be bysy to ȝefe þi-selfen y-prefed to God, & a werk-man wiþ-outen schenschyp, tretynge ryȝtlyche þe word of trewþe.
- a1425(a1400) Paul.Epist.(Corp-C 32)1 Cor.9.13 : Þei þat wyrken in þe temple as werkmen, þoo thyngys that ben of þe temple þey etyn.
- (1432-3) Doc.Merchant York in Sur.Soc.12939 : Item, to iij wurkemen be a day and a halfe, xviij d.
- a1450 PNoster R.Hermit (Westm-S 3)16/35 : If he do bodily werkis, as tiliand men don, or wastiþ hemself wiþ swynk, as werkmen don, or goostly werkis deliten hem to don…but þei in loue be don & in charite, to þe pyne of helle dampned may he be.
- ?c1450(?a1400) Wycl.Clergy HP (Lamb 551)394 : If eny bayly hiryd a werkeman wiþ his lordis goode and putt hym to his owne seruyce, he must nede be vntrue to his lorde.
- a1500(c1477) Norton OAlch.(Add 10302)29 : Comon workmen wil not be owt lafte, For as wel as lordis þei loue þis noble craft.
b
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)11423 : Þat wæs a crafti weorc-man.
- c1300 SLeg.Swithin (Hrl 2277)54 : He let þe stronge brugge wiþoute þe est ȝate arere And fond þerto lym and ston to worcmen þat þer were.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)2707 : Of quoynte vorcmen let bringe monion.
- (1348) Doc.in Welch Hist.Pewterers Lond.3 : Also that non entermete of the Crafte aforsaide but if he…hathe ben aprentice or othir wise treu workeman known and asaid among hem.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)1.1091 : An Hors of Bras thei let do forge…The crafti werkman Epius It made.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Mch.(Manly-Rickert)E.1832 : Ther nys no werkman what so euere he be That may bothe werke wel and hastily.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)4.pr.6.83 : A werkman…aperceyveth in his thought the forme of the thing that he wol make.
- ?a1425 Chauliac(1) (NY 12:Wallner)prol.16/28 : Haly abbas was a grete maister, &…Auicen, the noble prince, folowed hym, & ful ordinately…he treted of Cirurgie in his 4a boke…Bot afterward, oþer for wantonesse or for ouermych ocupacioun of cures…Cirurgie was parted, i. separate, & lefte in handes of werkemen, ffirst of which was Rogeryn.
- ?a1425 Chauliac(1) (NY 12:Wallner)1.56/6-8 : Euery crafty werkman is holden for to knowe þe subiecte in which he wirkeþ, ellez he erreþ in wirchyng, Bot a Cirurgien is a crafty werkman of helþ of mannes body, ergo he is holden for to knowe…þe anathomie.
- (1440) Capgr.St.Norb.(Hnt HM 55)838 : The grete werkman aboue he ded race Alle þis werk.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)523 : Werkmanne: Artifex…opifex.
- c1450(c1440) Scrope Othea (StJ-C H.5)34/1 : Pymalion was a ful subtil werkman in makyng of ymages.
- a1450 St.Editha (Fst B.3)3643 : Mony werkemen he sette to amende þat chirche, & masonus & carpenters & blemmeres also.
- a1475(?a1430) Lydg.Pilgr.(Vit C.13)328 : God…was the masown…ffor werkman was ther noon so wys yt to conceyve.
- c1475 Body Pol.(Cmb Kk.1.5)133/6 : He that will be mastir of a crafte, it is necessarie that he sewe and haunte the mastir werke man of that crafte that he will medle in.
- a1500(c1410) Dives & P.(Htrn 270)1.141 : Þe cours of kende and of þe planetys staant al in þe wyl of God to doon þerwyt qhat he wele, as þe instrument staant in þe werkmannys wyl.
- 1532-1897(c1385) Usk TL (Thynne:Skeat)3/69 : The crafte of a werkman is shewed in the werke.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)1581 : There were stallis…Werkmen into won, and þaire wares shewe.
- a1550(c1477) Norton OAlch.(Sln 1873)2965 : The virtew of ye mover of ye orbe ys formall…The virtew of Elementis is here Materiall…The firste is like to a werkman his mynde, The ijde like to his hande.
c
- (1291) Doc.in Vinogradoff Villainage186 : Liberi tenentes qui vocantur fresokemen; Sokemanni qui vocantur molmen; Custumarii qui vocantur werkmen.
- (1294) Close R.Edw.I399 : [The rents, works, and customs of the following bondmen, who are called] werkmen.
d
- a1425(c1333-52) Minot Poems (Glb E.9)33/9 : I wald noght spare for to speke…Of wight men with wapin…Þai sailed furth in þe Swin…With trompes and taburns…Þe word of þo werkmen walked full wide…þai sailed westward, þo wight men in were.
e
- (1214) in Reaney Dict.Br.Surnames392 : Adwordus Wercman.
- (1236) Feet Fines Sus.in Sus.RS 286 : Willi. le Werkman.
- (1250) Bk.of Fees2.1212 : Radulfus Werkman.
- (1268) Pat.R.Hen.III268 : William le Werkeman.
- (1299) in Sundby Dial.Wor.127 : For. Werkmon.
- (1313) Sub.R.Bristol(1) in BGAS 19240 : Laurentius le Workman.
- (1328) in Fransson Surn.182 : Will Werkeman, Mazon.
- (1332) Name in LuSE 356 : Werkman.
- (1396) in Rec.B.Nottingham 1296 : Rachinald Werkeman.
- c1444(1381) Cart.Lewes in Sus.RS 38 (Vsp F.15)106 : Henry Werkeman.