Middle English Dictionary Entry
wer n.(1)
Entry Info
Forms | wer n.(1) Also were, (N) weir, wier & (early) wær; pl. wer(e)s & (early) weræs, were(n, wæras, wæræs, (gen.) wera, weore, (dat.) weran. |
Etymology | OE wer, weor, wær man. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) The masculine member of a pair in sexually differentiated species, a biological male; a man in contrast to a woman; ~ and wif; ~ and wif and wenchel, every man, woman, and child, everybody;
(b) a person who happens to be male, a man, fellow; ?also, a male companion or attendant [quot. a1400]; ~ geld, q.v.; burgh-were(n, townsmen, citizens [cp. ware n.pl.];
(c) a husband, mate; a male sexual partner; also fig. of Christ as the spouse of a virgin;
(d) weres imennesse (imone), conjugal relations, sexual intercourse.
Associated quotations
a
- a1150(OE) Vsp.D.Hom.VA (Vsp D.14)13/2 : Wisedom gerist weren & wifen sydefullnysse.
- ?a1200(OE) Hrl.HApul.(Hrl 6258B)99/5 : Þeos sylue wyrt deð þæt æȝþer ȝe wifa ȝe wera feax wexeð.
- ?a1200(OE) Hrl.HApul.(Hrl 6258B)137/19 : Ðanne hys þeos wyrt tweȝra cunna, þæt his wer & wyf: þe were [L masculus] hafað hwite blostman.
- ?a1200(OE) Hrl.MQuad.(Hrl 6258B)251/9 : Ȝyf þæt wif ane hit drinceð, þanne cenþ heo androȝinem; ne byð þæt to nahte, naþer ne wer ne wif.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)320 : Daviþ kingess kinness menn Off weress oþþr off wifess Wiþþ Aaroness kinnes men Off siþre wærenn sammnedd.
- a1225(OE) Lamb.Hom.VA (Lamb 487)111 : Wisdom biriseð weran, and clenesse birisað wifan.
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)171/6 : He bisencte sodome & gommorre, were & wif & wenchel.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)367 : Wif sal under were wunen.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)532 : Wimmen welten weres mester.
b
- a1150(OE) Vsp.D.Hom.(Vsp D.14)55/21 : Dauid swor þurh God þæt he wolde þone stunte were Nabal ofslean.
- a1150(OE) Vsp.D.Hom.(Vsp D.14)105/3 : Eadig byð se were se þe him God ondræt.
- a1150(OE) Vsp.D.Hom.(Vsp D.14)128/35 : Gyf ure ænigen sum ungelimp becume, þonne scule we beon gemyndige þysses mæren weres.
- a1150(OE) Vsp.D.Hom.Nicod.(Vsp D.14)79/36 : Þa comen þære þreo mære weres of Galilea to Jerusalem.
- c1175(OE) Bod.Hom.Evang.(Bod 343)16/6 : Hit soðlice iwearð þurh ænne haliȝne wær.
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)38/33 : Þa halȝa weræs ðe weron iu lareowæs beoð nu iherode ðurh heoræ liðnysse.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)5382 : He talde hemm alle spell Off ædiȝnessess seoffne Þatt hallȝhe weress follȝhenn her.
- a1250 Ancr.(Tit D.18)147/10 : Nam i weore [Corp-C: weolie] wisest?
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)14159 : Modred swa vorð com þat he wes at Lundene; Iherden þa burh-weren [Otho: borh-men] hu hit was il ifaren and warnden him inȝeong.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)14171 : He bi-hehte þere burȝe-were auer-mare freo laȝe.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)3977 : So was ðis were to wunder brogt, Ðhog ðe asse spac, frigtede he nogt.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)22115 : Of all falshed þai sal him fill, þe wicked gastes his wiers [Frf: wers; Göt: weirs; Phys-E: wieris] Him foluand in al his afers.
- c1450(?a1400) Parl.3 Ages (Add 31042)581 : Now hafe I neuened ȝow the names of ix…of þe beste Þat euer were in this werlde wiste appon erthe.
c
- a1150(OE) Vsp.D.Hom.(Vsp D.14)57/13 : Seo swicola Dalila þone strange Sanson, hire agene were, mid olæcunge bepæhte.
- a1150(OE) Vsp.D.Hom.(Vsp D.14)90/37 : On þan twelften dæige eorneð mænn geon[d] eall middeneard byfigende & drædende Cristes tocyme…swa þæt se were ne gret his wif, ne þæt wif hire were, þeh heo heom gemeten, ac byð swaswa wittlease & unspecende.
- a1150(c1125) Vsp.D.Hom.Fest.Virg.(Vsp D.14)40/229-30 : Þaþa hire were Joachim wæs forðfaren, þa genam Anna æfter Moyses æ oðerne were.
- c1175(?OE) HRood (Bod 343)18/8 : Ða clypoden heo ðus & cwædon, ‘Hwæt beo ȝe oððe hwanon cume ȝe?’ Þa andswarden hearæ aȝene wæras heom & ðus cwædon, ‘Humeta ne icnawe ȝit hwæt wit beoð?’
- c1175(?OE) HRood (Bod 343)18/18 : Ða þe ða wif ðæt iseȝen, þa cwædon heo to heoræ wæræs, ‘Hwi ne swutele ȝe us nu þa wundræ ðe eowre anwliten to þullican ihwyrfdon?’
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)2086 : Sannte Marȝe…wass æfre maȝȝdennmann Fra were þwerrt ut clene.
- a1225(OE) Vsp.A.Hom.Init.Creat.(Vsp A.22)223 : Warþ þa þat wif for-spannen þurh þe deofles lare and ȝenam of þes trowes westm and æat and ȝiaf hire were and he æt.
- a1225(c1200) Vices & V.(1) (Stw 34)131/24 : Ich ȝew habbe bewedded ane were clane maiden, þat is, to Criste.
- c1225(?c1200) HMaid.(Bod 34)36/609 : Hwen þi were al wealdent þet tu þe to weddest sið & understont tis…he forheccheð þe anan.
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)32/8 : Þer ha lei i prisun fowr þusent ȝer & mare, heo & hire were [Nero: louerd; Pep: spouse; Ancr.TSenses: husband] ba.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)8651 : Ich wulle in his londe…maken him weste paðes & wildernes monie, widewen i-noȝe, heore weres scullen deȝe.
- c1275(?c1250) Owl & N.(Clg A.9)1523 : Hit itit ofte & ilome Þat wif & were beoþ unisome.
- a1300 Þo ihu crist (Jes-O 29)30 : Go and clepe þine were.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)1587 : Quad rebecca to hire were, ‘Esau wifuede us to dere.’
d
- a1150(c1125) Vsp.D.Hom.Fest.Virg.(Vsp D.14)19/47 : Ic ne cann naht of weres gemane [L virum non cognosco].
- a1150(c1125) Vsp.D.Hom.Fest.Virg.(Vsp D.14)20/54 : Þeh heo Josepe gehandfæst wære, þehhweðere he hæfde anrædlice on hire gemynte, þæt heo næfre weres gemænnysse nolde cunnen.
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)78/6 : Heo ane is mæden & moder buton wæres imane.
- a1225(OE) Vsp.A.Hom.Init.Creat.(Vsp A.22)227 : Þa com se ængel…and cydde hyre þat godes sune sceolde beon acenned of hire buton weres ȝemanan.