Middle English Dictionary Entry
wel-neigh adv.
Entry Info
Forms | wel-neigh adv. Also welneȝgh, welniegh(e, (early) welnech & (?errors) welnehg, welnehic, (errors) welneght, welneyght, welnyght, whelnyghg, whelnygh, welenythe, wolnyght. |
Etymology | OE wel nēah, wel nēh phr.; cp. ME neigh adv. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
Note: For other forms see wel adv. & neigh adv.
1.
Near in space, close; wenden ~ to, to go close to (sb.), approach.
Associated quotations
- c1450 Pilgr.LM (Cmb Ff.5.30)41 : J hardied me and went wel nyh to hire.
2.
Nearly, almost; just about, all but, virtually:
(a) with verbs and participles; also, in apparently pleonastic collocation: ~…al-most;
(b) with adjectives and adj. constructions; also, in apparently pleonastic collocation: ~…ner;
(c) with adjectives or pronouns expressive of quantity, inclusiveness, or exclusiveness: ~ al, almost all; ~ al-maner, of nearly every kind; ~ ech (everi), nearly every; ~ no (non, no-thing), almost no (none, nothing); also, immediately preceding a prep. phrase which contains an inclusive adj. or pron.: ~ in (of, over, thurgh, to), in (of, over, through, to) almost (all, each, etc.);
(d) with numbers: ~ a fourti knightes (a seven daies, a thre mile english), nearly forty knights (seven days, three English miles); ~ an eighte busshels, almost eight bushels; ~ these two yeres, for nearly these two years; ~ thre finger dep, about three fingers deep; also, with numerical adv.: ~ halven-dele lesse, less by almost half;
(e) with adverbs and adv. constructions; ~ al, almost entirely; ~ al at ones, almost simultaneously; ~ al-wei, almost always; ~ nou, just now; ~ over-al, nearly everywhere;
(f) as an introductory element modifying a clause;
(g) with adv. expressions of comparison: ~ also…so, ~ as…as, almost as (bright, fast, much) as.
Associated quotations
a
- ?a1160 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.1132 : Te king was wel neh bepaht.
- a1225(?OE) Lamb.Hom.(Lamb 487)141 : Þet folc wes welnech for-faren.
- c1275(?c1250) Owl & N.(Clg A.9)44 : Hire horte was so gret Þat welneȝ hire fnast at schet.
- c1275(?c1250) Owl & N.(Clg A.9)1604 : Min heorte is wel neh [Jes-O: neyh] alamed.
- c1300 Lay.Brut (Otho C.13)6288 : Wile were Bruttus icnowe gode cnihtes ac nou hii beoþ wel neh a-falle to þan grunde.
- c1330 Otuel (Auch)1496 : Poidras…hadde wel neiȝ þe kniȝt slain.
- (c1375) Chaucer CT.Mk.(Manly-Rickert)B.3230 : So thursted hym that he Was wel ny [vrr. wel nye, wel ney, wol nygh] lorn.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)1.61 : Occean…in many places wel nyh [Higd.(2): alle moste; L pene] toucheþ þe ynner sees.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Sq.(Manly-Rickert)F.438 : Wel neigh for the routhe almoost she deyde.
- a1400 Primer (StJ-C G.24)99 : Wel neiȝ they hadden maad ende of me in eerthe.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)2.449 : Criseyde…wel neigh [vr. wel neght] starf for feere.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)5.182 : Wel neigh [vr. whel nyghg] down of hire hors she gan to sye.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)5.532 : Wel neigh [vr. whel nygh] for sorwe adoun he gan to falle.
- ?a1450 Chaucer TC (StJ-C L.1)1.582 : This pandar…wel neyght [read: wel neygh] malt for wo and routhe.
- c1450(c1385) Chaucer Mars (Benson-Robinson)253 : Wel nygh [vr. welnegh] for the fere he shulde madde.
- c1450(c1390) Chaucer Ven.(Benson-Robinson)78 : Elde…Hath of endyting al the subtilte Wel nygh [vr. Welnyeghe] bereft out of my remembraunce.
- c1450(?a1400) Parl.3 Ages (Add 31042)193 : Wele-neghe þou spilles.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)539 : Of werke well ne I wede.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)751/22 : Well-nyghe there she sowned.
- a1475 Liber Cocorum (Sln 1986)p.34 : Bake hom harde, wel neȝe brende.
- a1500 Orfeo (Hrl 3810)18/195 : Wel nye he hed hym-self y-schent.
b
- c1300 SLeg.Lucy (Hrl 2277)127 : Þo Iustice…for wraþþe was wel neȝ wod.
- c1330(?c1300) Guy(1) (Auch)5958 : Wel neye he was for sorwe wode.
- (c1385) Chaucer CT.Kn.(Manly-Rickert)A.2342 : She was wel neigh [vrr. wol ny; almost, neer] mad.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)6.1685 : Thelogonus Was sore hurt and welnyh ded.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)14.113 : Briddes and bestes…þow…makest hem welnyegh [vr. wel neiȝ] meke.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)1.108 : Wel neigh [vrr. Wol nyh, wel neȝgh] out of hir wit for sorwe and fere…On knees she fil…adown.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)1.499 : He was wel neigh [vrr. wele ney, wol nyght] wood.
- (?1440) Palladius (DukeH d.2)1.64 : A roten swerd and welnygh blak…good lond wol signifie.
- (1449) RParl.5.148a : Callyng to youre mynde the…well nygh infinite cost…that this land hath borne.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)171/30 : Well-nyghe she was nere oute of hir mynde.
- a1475 *Sidrak & B.(Lnsd 793)147 : Thanne þe king was welny wood.
c
- a1200(?OE) Trin.Hom.(Trin-C B.14.52)157 : Welnehg ech man ȝifeð his almesse…for hauende hereword.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)6370 : Mis [read: Nis] þer bileued wel neh nan þat auere beo æi tale on.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)3.281 : Wel nyh alle his lyf tyme he lyvede in hele.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)3.367 : Þe Achademici þat were left after Plato mevede doutes wel nygh of all þinges.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)5.99 : He hadde i-pesed wel ny alle.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)5.336 : Er gold was smite In Coign…Ther was welnyh noman untrewe.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Cl.(Manly-Rickert)E.82 : Wel neigh [vrr. Wele nyeȝ, Welenygh, Welnyght] alle oothere cures leet he slyde.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)25a/a : Welnyh [L fere] he heriþ noþing.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)127b/b : It…is I-seide wel nyghe in alle þe houres [L in singulis fere horis].
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)145a/b : Rowfoted dowfes brediþ wel nygh euery moneþ.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)188b/a : Þe glebe bereþ wel-nyȝe al-maner corne.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)200b/a : Wel neih non handwerk is y-wrought wiþouten yren.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)7 : Ennias…and his…kynde…patrounes bicome Welneȝe of al þe wele.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)867 : Þe ver…hit semed Wel neȝ to vche haþel.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)2.1149 : Thus ye faren, wel neigh [vr. wele neygh] alle and some.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)3.679 : Wel neigh [vr. Wel neighe] no man heren other koude.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)6309 : Wel nygh none Wote of my gile.
- a1425 Wycl.Serm.(Bod 788)1.316 : Þat was wel nyȝ al þis world.
- (c1449) Pecock Repr.(Cmb Kk.4.26)7 : ie Cor. ie c[hapiter] weelnyȝ thoruȝ al the chapiter.
- a1450(1412) Hoccl.RP (Hrl 4866)2792 : Wel ny in euery shire, Partye is made to venge her cruel ire.
- a1450 Castle Persev.(Folg V.a.354)1285 : Haue I now maystrye Welny ouyr al mankynde.
- ?c1450(a1388) Wallingford Exafrenon (Dgb 67)233 : A wynter…sal kill up wele nythe all the bestis [L magnam partem animalium] of the lande.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)561/17 : Well-nye every stroke he strake downe a knyghte.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)882/35 : Well-nyghe all was wyckednesse.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)987/9 : There encresed nother corne ne grasse nother well-nye no fruyte.
- c1475(c1445) Pecock Donet (Bod 916)11/32 : Not oonli man haþ alle þese…wittis…but also…wel nyȝe alle parfit beestis.
- a1500(c1400) St.Erk.(Hrl 2250)119 : Ser Erkenwolde…welneghe al þe nyȝt hade nattyd his houres.
- a1500 *Lanfranc CP (Wel 397)27a/19 : In this maner bene made bledders, formikes…and wildfyr of whiche is welnygh all one maner cur.
d
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)1.45 : Þe brede of þe erþe…is…wel nyh [L pene] haluendel lasse þan þe lengþe.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pard.(Manly-Rickert)C.771 : They founde Of floryns…Wel ny [vrr. Well nyȝ, Well nyȝe, Well ny, Wele nyghe, Wil nygh] an eighte busshels.
- (?1440) Palladius (DukeH d.2)3.356 : A wegge of boon or yron putte bytwene The bark & tre, welnygh iij finger depe.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)162/18 : They…rode…well-nye a seven dayes or they founde ony aventure.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)316/3 : This Rede Knyght…hath layne…at that seege well-nye this two yerys.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)586/1 : They…ran…well-nye a three myle Englyshe.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)740/26 : Sir Launcelot…smote downe well-nye a fourty knyghtes.
e
- a1200 Trin.Hom.(Trin-C B.14.52)33 : Hie forwundeden him welneih to deaðe.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)12450 : We beoð…wel neh al a-swunden.
- c1300 Lay.Brut (Otho C.13)2492 : Ȝeo nam hire an on cuertel þat was al to-tore, Þane hem ȝeo vp teh to hire cneon wel neh.
- (c1385) Chaucer CT.Kn.(Manly-Rickert)A.1407 : He myghte…seen his lady wel ny day by day.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)1.217 : In Rome was an hous i-made wel nyh al of gold.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mel.(Manly-Rickert)B.2233 : Wel neigh [vr. welnyhe] alle atones bigonne they to rise.
- c1400(?c1380) Pearl (Nero A.10)581 : Welnygh now I con bygynne.
- ?c1425(c1412) Hoccl.RP (Roy 17.D.6)p.1 : He to the deth welnyghe hath me feynted.
- c1450(1410) Walton Boeth.(Lin-C 103)p.2 : Sum…This book translated haue suffyshauntlye Into Englisshe tonge, word for word wel neye.
- a1450 Agnus Castus (Roy 18.A.6)150/5 : Houndystoþ…haþ a ȝelow flour and he growyþ wel-ny ouyr-al.
- a1450 7 Sages(3) (Cmb Dd.1.17)1003 : Welne al to longe he bode.
- c1450(c1415) Roy.Serm.(Roy 18.B.23)53/11 : A man ȝeueþ hym in is occupacion velnyȝ all to þe world.
- a1475 Siege Troy(1) (Hrl 525)197/1440 : His sheld to pecis fleye…And his thygh well nygh in too.
- 1532(?a1400) RRose (Thynne)7485 : Wel nyght [read: Wel nygh] on fote alway [F Presque tous jors] we go.
f
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Sq.(Manly-Rickert)F.346 : This Cambyuskan his lordes festeyynge Til wel neigh [vr. wele nyhe] the day bigan to sprynge.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)704 : Wel nyȝe pure paradys moȝt preve no better.
- c1400(?c1380) Pearl (Nero A.10)528 : Nw men to hys vyne he broȝte Welneȝ wyl day watz passed date.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)665/33 : Well-nyghe there was no pyse of harneyse wolde holde them.
g
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)8913 : Þe mone gon to scine wel neh al swa brihte swa þe sunne-lihte.
- c1400 Wycl.Blasph.(Bod 647)416 : Þei gyven nowe to þo ordiris wel nyhe als myche as þei did to hor lordes.
- a1450 St.Editha (Fst B.3)4237 : Þey shokon welle-neyȝe as fast as þey duden byfore.
3.
Closely; folwen ~, to follow the example or teaching of (sb.) closely; holden ~, hold fast (one’s original language), retain firmly.
Associated quotations
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)261/15 : Hi uolȝeþ al hare uader wel nier þanne eni oþer.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)2.157 : Walsche men and Scottes, þat beeþ nouȝt i-medled wiþ oþer naciouns, holdeþ wel nyh hir firste longage and speche [Higd.(2): kepe theire propre langage; L ad purum pæne pristinum retinent idioma].
4.
As quasi-prep.:
(a) in space or position: close to (sb.), near to;
(b) in time: close to (midday);
(c) in fig. phrase: gon ~ simonie, to go almost to the point of simony, virtually commit simony.
Associated quotations
a
- a1275 Louerd asse þu ard (Trin-C B.14.39)314 : Þeo of gallilee stoden him wel nehic.
b
- a1300 I-hereþ nv one (Jes-O 29)477 : Hit wes welneyh mydday þo þusternesse com.
c
- a1500(c1410) Dives & P.(Htrn 270)2.186 : Þei þat syngyn þe gyldene trental gon wol nyhȝ symonye, for þei makyn wondirful comenant of her syngynge.