Middle English Dictionary Entry
wel adj.
Entry Info
Forms | wel adj. Also quelle. |
Etymology | From wel adv.; many exx. in senses 1a., 1b., and 1c. could also be construed as wēle n.(1). |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1a.
Used predicatively with dat. pers. pronouns: happy, glad; blessed, fortunate; prosperous; in sound health: (a) in generalizing expressions of the type: ~ is hem (him, her), ~ mai him ben, ~ were him, etc., fortunate or blessed are they (who act in such and such a way or enjoy such and such a circumstance), he shall prosper (that does sth.), happy he (who experiences sth.), etc.;—sometimes in proverbs;
(b) in generalizing phrase expressing the singularity or difficulty of the action: ~ was him, lucky was he (who could do sth.);
(c) in conditional expressions of the type: ~ were me (him), ~ is me, etc., I (he) would be glad (if sth. were the case, etc.); also, it would have been well for him (if sth. had not occurred) [last quot.];
(d) in statements of circumstance or fact: ~ is me (us), ~ me, ~ was hire (him), etc., I am (we are, she was) pleased or fortunate; I am (he was, etc.) pleased, glad, or fortunate (because of sth., that sth. was the case, etc.); ~ worthe the, it will be well with you (that you have done sth.), you are fortunate; ~ hem worthe, they were restored to health; hem was wel, they were happy; that him was ~, what was good for him [quot. a1450, 1st];
(e) in blessings, salutations, and expressions of good will; ~ him, blessed be he (for whom sb. would do sth.); ~ is (be) the, blessed art thou; ~ the (you) be, ~ worthe the, etc., may it be well with you.
Associated quotations
a
- c1225(?c1200) HMaid.(Bod 34)18/277 : Wel is ham þet swa ham mahen halden.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Juliana (Bod 34)67/720 : Wel him [Roy: wel is him] þe wakeð wel.
- a1275 *Body & S.(4) (Trin-C B.14.39)72 : Euer aten ende wel is him þat haist iben treu.
- a1325 Prov.Hend.(Cmb Gg 1.1)st.1 (1st occurrence) : Wel is him þat wel ende mai.
- a1350 Suete ihu king (Hrl 2253)49 : Suete Iesu, wel may him be þat þe may in blisse se.
- c1330 Why werre (Auch)69/76 : Wel is hire þat first may swich a persoun kacche In londe.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)3.840 : Wel is him that nevere chidde.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)5741 : Weyl ys hem þat pore are here.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)1.350 : Lord, wel is hym that may ben of yow oon!
- (c1426) Audelay Poems (Dc 302)155/176 : Wel ys hym þat wil and may Say þis prayere eueryday.
- c1475 Rwl.Prov.(Rwl D.328)p.125 : Well were hym þat wyst to wam he myst tryst.
- a1500 With wooful hert & gret (Hrl 541)24 : Wel wer hym þat wynne her mouth.
- c1500(?a1437) ?Jas.I KQ (SeldArch B.24)st.53 : A! wele were him that now were in thy plyte.
b
- c1430(c1386) Chaucer LGW (Benson-Robinson)1011 : Wel was hym that myghte hire ones se.
- c1460(?c1400) Beryn (Nthld 55)1562 : Wele was hym þat had þere þe blessing of his modir.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)662/1 : Well was hym that myght reche hym a buffet.
- c1475 Gregory's Chron.(Eg 1995)231 : Welle was hym that myght have a copy of hyt.
c
- a1350 Most i ryden (Hrl 2253)57 : Myhte ich hire haue ant holde, in world wel were me.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)162/13 : Wel ham hit were ynoȝ yef hi miȝte ate ende bo [read: be] zuo moche by y-borȝe.
- a1450 Castle Persev.(Folg V.a.354)2775 : If I myth alwey dwellyn in prosperyte, Lord God, þane wel were me.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)607/16 : Well were me and I knew what knyght he were with the rede shylde.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)772/25 : A, well ys me…and he be on lyve.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)324/590 : Myght I do so, so well me were, ffor thou art swete.
- 1591(?a1425) Chester Pl.(Hnt HM 2)273/125 : Well were him had hee binne unborne.
d
- c1225(?c1200) St.Kath.(1) (Bod 34)98/692 : Wel is me þet ich mot, ba mi flesch ant mi blod, offrin him to lake þe offrede to his feader.
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)98/3 : Letati sumus…þet is, wel is us for þe dahes.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)6528 : Wel wurðe þe, Vortiger, þat þu ært icumen her.
- c1300(?c1225) Horn (Cmb Gg.4.27)21/356 : Heo makede hire wel bliþe, Wel was hire þat siþe.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)2387 : Wel me…Wel is me wel Ðat ic aue a-biden ðus swil[c] sel.
- a1325(c1280) SLeg.Pass.(Pep 2344)2339 : Vp þe syke hi shulleþ hond legge, and wel ham worþ anon.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.NP.(Manly-Rickert)B.4066 : He loued hire so that wel was hym ther with.
- a1450 PNoster R.Hermit (Westm-S 3)13/30 : Man ne wolde þole þat hym was wel.
- a1450 PNoster R.Hermit (Westm-S 3)25/31 : Þei…hym wolde not knowe whiles hem was wel.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)769/31 : Well ys me that I have mette wyth you.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)37/459 : Now wanys the see; lord, well is vs.
- 1591(?a1425) Chester Pl.(Hnt HM 2)252/21 : Well is me that I may see thy face.
e
- a1300 Bestiary (Arun 292)634 : Wel him dat he it wulde ðolen.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)5751 : Wel is þe, wel is þe.
- 1372 Heil marie an (Adv 18.7.21)p.7 : Heil Marie, an wel þe be.
- c1390 NHom.Theoph.(Vrn)313 : Wel worþ…þe, ffor treweliche haue ȝe holpon me.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)2.1513 : Mi lord, mi fader, wel you be!
- a1425(a1400) Titus & V.(Pep 2014)476 : Felawe…wel þe be!
- a1425 Wycl.Serm.(Bod 788)1.259 : Wel be þee, goode servaunte.
- ?c1450 St.Cuth.(Eg 3309)657 : Dere sonn, wele is þe, Cytesyn of heuen salt þou be.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)292/404 : Well worth you all thre…doughty in dede.
- ?a1525(?a1475) Play Sacr.(Dub 652)249 : All hayll, master, and wel mot yow be!
1b.
Used predicatively with names or nouns denoting persons, which in some instances may have been perceived as in the dative, as in sense 1a.: fortunate, blessed, well-off: (a) in generalizing expressions: ~ is, fortunate is (the person who may do sth., etc.); ~ were, bith…~, well would (will) it be for (the person who might do sth., etc.);
(b) in statements of fact or expressions of good will: ~ worthe, blessed be (sb.), well may it be with (sb.); blessed be (sb. who does sth.).
Associated quotations
a
- a1150(OE) Vsp.D.Hom.(Vsp D.14)104/13 : Þa mænn þe heom God ondrædeð byð on þan ytemesten dæige swyðe wel.
- c1300(c1250) Floris (Cmb Gg.4.27)251 : Wel were þat ilke mon þat miȝte wunie wiþ þat on!
- c1350 How GWife(1) (Em 106)170/168 : Wel is þe child þat þriue mai.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)3304 : Wel is þat womman þat he wold have!
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.7082 : Wel is þat kyng þat doþe be þin avys.
- a1450 SLeg.Suppl.Bod.(Bod 779)331/6 : Wel is þe child þat may I-þe.
- a1500(?c1450) Merlin (Cmb Ff.3.11)225 : Well were that maiden that so feire a knyght wolde requere hire of love.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)477 : Well were that woman might weld hym for euer.
b
- c1390 NHom.Theoph.(Vrn)313 : Wel worþ þe kyng.
- c1400(?a1387) PPl.C (Hnt HM 137)14.1 : Wel worth pouerte! for he may walke vnrobbede.
- c1400(?a1387) PPl.C (Hnt HM 137)22.432 : Wel worthe peers plouhman, þat porsueþ god in doynge.
1c.
Used predicatively with to phrase: ~ be to you, you may prosper; ~ it was (shal be) to, it shal be ~ to, it will go well for (sb.).
Associated quotations
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Deut.5.33 : By þe wey þat þe lord ȝoure god haþ comaunded ȝe shole go, þat ȝe lyue & weel be to ȝow.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Hos.2.7 : Wele it was to me thanne more than now.
- c1400 Wycl.LAChurch (Dub 244)p.xxv : Wel schal be to þat man of holy Chirche þat þanne schal noȝt be on lyue.
- a1425(c1395) WBible(2) (Roy 1.C.8)Is.3.10 : Seie ȝe to the iust man that it schal be to hym wel.
2.
Used predicatively of a person, an animal, etc.: (a) in a good or happy state, well-off, prosperous, blessed, fortunate; also, good, true; ~ in, well furnished with (sth.); also, advanced in (age) [quot. a1450 Castle Persev.];
(b) in sound health, not or no longer ill; ~ of wittes, in one’s right mind;
(c) well groomed, well turned out;
(d) pleased, content; ~ of, pleased with (sth., oneself);
(e) in blessings: ~ be thou, ~ ye be, etc., good luck to you; blessed be you; farewell; also as greeting;
(f) ben ~ with, to be in favor with (sb., God).
Associated quotations
a
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)5765 : He wende to heuene & was wel ynou.
- c1390(?c1350) Jos.Arim.(Vrn)33 : Þei founden hit newely—so wel weore þei neuere.
- a1400 Cursor (Trin-C R.3.8)8883 : Salomon þo was ful wele And vmbeset wiþ hap & sele.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)4.1825 : So many prince…han…I-lost her lyf…Whiche myȝt haue ben ful wel at home in pes.
- a1450(1391) Chaucer Astr.(Benson-Robinson)2.4.56 : The lord of the ascendent, sey thei that he is fortunat…sey thei that he is well.
- a1450 Castle Persev.(Folg V.a.354)2701 : Þou art a-party wele in age.
- c1450(1369) Chaucer BD (Benson-Robinson)643 : She ys th’envyouse charite That ys ay fals, and semeth wel.
- c1450(c1400) Rev.Jul.Norwich (Add 37790)42/3 : Me thouȝt þan that y was welle.
- (1461) Paston2.247 : He was well in acqueyntaunce and be-louyd with jentilmen aboute the Kyng.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)100/1 : Thay are weyll that hens ar past.
- a1500 Þe most worthye (BodPoet e.1)p.95 : Well is he that may hyre rech.
- c1500(1463) Ashby Pris.(Trin-C R.3.19)78 : I…was gretly sad To be in pouert and of goodes bad, That before was well in goodes.
b
- a1300 Bestiary (Arun 292)233 : He drinkeð water gredilike til he is ful wel sikerlike.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)2411 : Pharaon bad him wurðen wel.
- (1450) Complaint in War.AM 4182 : She was mony dayes after distracte, and nat long after so well of her wittes as she was to fore.
c
- c1450 Ponthus (Dgb 185)15/8 : Yeve me my myrrour and se that I be wele.
d
- c1390(?c1350) Jos.Arim.(Vrn)659 : And a wynt and a sauor whappede vs vmbe, we weore so wel of vr-self we nuste what we duden.
- a1450(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.1 (Lamb 131)1797 : Corineus was wel of þat graunt.
- a1450(1412) Hoccl.RP (Hrl 4866)3891 : Non of hem two can be wel from othir.
- a1450 Castle Persev.(Folg V.a.354)1163 : I am no day wel…Tyl I haue…fyllyd my mawe.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)78/192 : Fadyr knew I here namys, wele were I.
- a1500(a1450) Parton.(1) (Add 35288)5281 : When wymmen be well, they can not cese.
e
- ?a1300(a1250) Harrow.H.(Dgb 86)147 : Welcome louerd, wel þou be!
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Mat.25.21 : Wel be thou, good seruaunt.
- c1400(?a1387) PPl.C (Hnt HM 137)9.300 : Wend now wenne þou wolt and wel be þow euere.
- a1475 Siege Troy(1) (Hrl 525)176/431 : Parys, will þou be, ffor grete nede I com to the.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)233/91 : Fare wel, sere, and wel ȝe be.
- a1500(?a1400) KEdw.& S.(Cmb Ff.5.48)662 : Ioly Robyn…wel mot þou be!
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)91/179 : Hayll, mary, and well ye be!
f
- c1225(?c1200) St.Juliana (Bod 34)5/30 : Þes ȝunge mon eleusius…þus wes wel wið þe king.
- c1300 SLeg.(LdMisc 108)451/79 : Seint Martin fond a ȝong man ded, þat swiþe wel with him was.
- (c1300) Havelok (LdMisc 108)2878 : She is fayr, and she is fre…Þertekene she is wel with me.
- (c1390) Chart.Abbey HG (LdMisc 210)340 : Satanas…hadde gret envie…þat þei weren so wel wiþ god.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)2096 : Þys yche abbot…wel he was with god almyght.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)3095 : Ȝyf þou art wel wyþ þe kyng, Or with anoþer lordyng, Bere þe nat ouer prout þerfore.
- c1400(a1376) PPl.A(1) (Trin-C R.3.14)3.142 : Þere she [Meed] is wel wiþ þe king, wo is þe reaume.
- c1450(1369) Chaucer BD (Benson-Robinson)845 : Hit were beter serve hir for noght Than with another to be wel.
- a1475 Godstow Reg.(Rwl B.408)26/8 : She was fayre…and well was with the kyng almyhty.
- a1500(?a1400) Torrent (Chet 8009)1948 : Seynt Antony…was well with god all-myȝt.
3.
(a) Of a material thing: in good or sound condition; of fine quality; also, safe, secure [1st quot.]; of a part of the body: healing well;
(b) of a state, circumstance, etc.: satisfactory; appropriate;
(c) of behavior, an action, etc.: praiseworthy, good; also, successful;
(d) of a planet: beneficially situated;
(e) desirable; worthy;—used with inf.;
(f) in phrases: ~ be it, so be it; ~ be (worthe), blessed be (sth.);—as expression of praise or gratitude; as ~ as, equivalent to (sth.), tantamount to.
Associated quotations
a
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)3378 : He let bi-aften de more del To kepen here ðing al wel.
- a1350 Welle was hire (Rwl D.913)7 : Welle wat [read: was] hire mete.
- ?a1425 *MS Htrn.95 (Htrn 95)125a/a : Considere þe place ȝif þat it be wele, & ȝif þat it be wele bynde it aȝeine.
- ?c1450 St.Cuth.(Eg 3309)475 : For þe childes hye desert God shewed meruaile in apert: Þe bell was wele al swythe.
- a1475 Limn.Bks.(Brog 2.1)89 : Whenne ȝe seme that hit is welle, take hit uppe.
b
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)7264 : Tatt wass baþe rihht & wel Þatt Crist wass borenn þære.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)1.1605 : If thou myht so finde reste, Wel is, for thanne is ther nomore.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)1.2543 : I schal it so ordeyne Þoruȝ my crafte, only atwixe vs tweyn Þat or we parte I hope al schal be wel.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)3.1982 : Fortune…wil nat bide whan a þing is wele.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)2.313 : For whethir it be wel or be amys, Say on, lat me nat in this feere dwelle.
- a1450 Aelred Inst.(2) (Bod 423)22/894 : Lette not therfore but abide awhile, and it shal be right wel.
- c1450(a1400) Lavynham Treat.7 Dead.Sins (Hrl 211)24/20 : Ȝif sche wil be weddid a ȝen, wel is.
- c1450(a1425) MOTest.(SeldSup 52)14448 : Man, knaw þi self ryȝt sone! els wyll yt not be wele.
- a1500 Knighton Chron.Contin.(Cld E.3)139 : If the ende be wele, than is alle wele.
- a1500 Now ys wele (BodPoet e.1)p.9 : Now ys well and all ys wele.
c
- ?c1350 Bozon Contes in SATF (GrI 12)20 : Wel wurth suffraunce yat abatez strif.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)3370 : Hys frendys departed hys katel Among þe pore men, and þat was wel.
- ?a1400(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.2 (Petyt 511)p.2 : Werre withouten hede is not wele.
- (a1438) MKempe A (Add 61823)165/17 : Þow þis maner of werkyng may seme boþe good & ylle…I dowt it not it is ryth wel.
- c1450(c1400) Rev.Jul.Norwich (Add 37790)57/35 : This dede and this werke abowte oure saluacyon was als wele as he myght ordayne it.
- c1450(a1425) MOTest.(SeldSup 52)11278 : Þe Ebrews went at wyll and toyȝt þer werkyng wele.
- c1475 Chartier Quad.(1) (UC 85)215/4 : The deedes of this seigneurie be nat so well as yche good hert aught to desire.
d
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.ML.(Manly-Rickert)B.308 : Thow knyttest thee ther thou art nat receyued, Ther thow were wel fro thennes artow weyued.
e
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)ded.71 : Upponn all þiss boc ne be…Nan word tatt swiþe wel ne be To trowwenn & to follȝhenn.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)10379 : Sannt Johan cnew himm full wel & tatt iss wel to trowwenn.
- a1325 SLeg.Cross (Corp-C 145)393/112 : Þou crois…Þou ert to honure to þis men & a wel to louie treo [Ld: a suyþe louelich treo].
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)12013 : Þe fourþe grace ys weyl to telle how shryfte shendeþ þe fende of helle.
- a1450 Treat.Horses (Sln 2584)87/27 : Gret eyen & oute stepe is wel for to preise.
- c1450(c1350) Alex.& D.(Bod 264)926 : When wedur waxeþ al bryht þat wel is to like, Mirie ben men of mod in minde and in herte.
- c1450 Form Excom.(3) (Dc 60)107/86 : Oþer poyntes ben many and fele, That ben not welle for to hele.
- c1475(?c1451) Worcester Bk.Noblesse (Roy 18.B.22)82 : It is welle to undrestonde that ye have no protectoure, kepar, ne defendour but it come of God.
f
- c1300 Assump.Virg.(1) (Cmb Gg.4.27)114/99 : Wel beo þe time þat þu were ibore, For al þis wordle were forlore.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)115 : Handlyng yn speche ys as weyl As handlyng yn dede euery deyl.
- a1425(c1333-52) Minot Poems (Glb E.9)4/5 : It es wrokin, I wene, wele wurth þe while.
- a1425(c1333-52) Minot Poems (Glb E.9)5/29 : Fune betes his bale, wele wurth þe while.
- a1425 Dial.Reason & A.(Cmb Ii.6.39)9/10 : Wel worth þe wand þat makiþ wilde childer tame.
- (1431-6) Let.Bekynton in RS 56.1110 : And syth ye be juge of þe hyghest court…if þe hafe done me laghe to cite me…wele be hit.
- c1450 Dc.Prov.(Dc 52)p.47 : Welle worth alle-moost done.
4.
Used attributively in combs.: ~ dede, q.v.; ~ fare, q.v.; ~ lote, good opinion, high regard [cp. leten v. 15.(c)]; ~ man, a sane man; ~ shape, attractive appearance or figure; ~ spede (wele), prosperity, good fortune.
Associated quotations
- c1300 Horn (LdMisc 108)26/479 : Horn, god lene þe wel spede Þi herdne forto bede.
- a1400 Ancr.(Pep 2498)63/32 : Þe first pylyng of al þis nys bot a litel likynge of pride þat is a wellate of hym seluen.
- a1400 Ancr.(Pep 2498)107/23 : He wolde haue putt hire in to pride forto haue hadde a litel wel late of her seluen.
- ?c1430(c1383) Wycl.Leaven Pharisees (Corp-C 296)4 : Ȝif þei bynden hem self…to …mekenesse…and ȝit ben most proude of worldly goodes, of beaute, of welschap, of strengþe of body…þan ben þei moost cursed…ypocritis.
- a1450 Serm.Pater N.(Cmb Dd.11.89)307 : To do penaunce men asketh anon, ȝif þou art a quelle man.
- c1450 Jacob's W.(Sal 103)69/28 : Þou art prowd…of þin herytage, & of þi bewte, & of þi welschapp.
- c1475 3 Consid.(UC 85)186 : The Prince shuld have aboute him to mynystre him true counseyl…for the well weele of his peeple.