Middle English Dictionary Entry
blessen v.
Entry Info
Forms | blessen v. Also (early) blets(i)en, bledsin, blessi; blissen; (late) blasse. Forms: p. blessede, blissede; ppl. i)blessed, i)blest, i)blissed, blist. |
Etymology | OE ge)blē̆tsian |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) Of God, Christ: to bestow divine favor upon (sb., sth.), confer divine blessing upon (sb.); endow with (sth.); make (a nation, the earth) flourish or prosper, grant well-being or success; bless spiritually; (b) to choose (sb.) for eternal blessedness, grant (someone's soul) bliss of heaven, beatify; theol. endow (God the Son or the Holy Ghost) with divine bliss; (c) as an invocation or greeting: God (Christ) the blesse, God bless you!; blessed mot ȝe be, may you enjoy God's blessing!; God blesse his soule, God rest his soul!; etc.
Associated quotations
a
- a1150(c1125) Vsp.D.Hom.Fest.Virg.(Vsp D.14)21/59 : Hwu heo wæs..gebletsod [L benedicta] ofer ealle wifen.
- a1225(c1200) Vices & V.(1) (Stw 34)13/7 : Godes handiwerc ðe he hafð iblesced.
- c1300(?c1225) Horn (Cmb Gg.4.27)555 : Today, so crist me blesse, Ihc wulle do pruesse.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)163 : God..blisced hem.
- c1350 MPPsalter (Add 17376)113.13 : Our Lord..blisced þe folk of Israel, he blesced þe folk of Aaron.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)637 : Drightin þam blessed [vrr. blesset, blisced] and bad þam brede.
- a1400 Rolle Encom.Jesu (Hrl 1022)188 : Þou sal blys [L benedices] þo ryghtwyse.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)19.173 : Crist carped þanne..'Thomas..Blessed mote þow be..And blessed mote þei alle be in body & in soule That neuere shal se me.'
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)528 : He blessez uch a best.
- a1425(a1382) WBible(1) (Corp-O 4)Gen.39.5 : The Lord blisside to the hows of the Egipcyen for Joseph.
- a1425(c1395) WBible(2) (Roy 1.C.8)Deut.14.24 : Thi Lord God..hath blessid [L benedixerit] thee.
- a1425(c1395) WBible(2) (Roy 1.C.8)Deut.15.14 : Flockis..in whiche thi Lord God hath blessid thee.
- a1425 Primer (Add 36683)17 : Lord..blesse to thin eritage.
- c1450(?a1400) Quatref.Love (Add 31042)297 : Alle he [Christ] blyssed..Þat leuede in his wondis.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)50/212 : He wyll þe blysse both evyn and morn.
- a1500(1413) *Pilgr.Soul (Eg 615)5.11.94b : He hath blissed and sanctified a newe preciows plante [the Virgin].
- a1500(?a1390) Mirk Fest.(GoughETop 4)52/14 : He blessyth þe weddyng þat ys done as þe lawe of holy chyrche ordeyneth.
b
- c1230(?a1200) *Ancr.(Corp-C 402)9b : Ȝef ich nam wurðe forte beon iblisset [Nero: iblesced] in hare ferredden.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.ML.(Manly-Rickert)B.1146 : Now lat vs prayen god his soule blesse!
- a1425(?c1384) Wycl.Church (Bod 788)344 : Bileve of hooli writt þat..þei [the apostles] ben now blessid in hevene.
- a1425 Wycl.Serm.(Bod 788)2.372 : Þanne myȝten þei surely abide þer Savyour..at þe day of dome. For he is..Lord to blisse siche men.
- a1425 Primer (Add 36683)36 : Therfore god blessid thee into withouten ende.
- (c1426) Audelay Poems (Dc 302)19/260 : Ellus med of God get ȝe non, Bot þen ȝe be e-blest.
- (1435) Misyn FL (Corp-O 236)13/13 : Menly goyde wer blyst to come to blistfulnes.
- (c1443) Pecock Rule (Mrg M 519)81 : Þou, fadir ricchist, joiest and blissist þi sone infynitely.
- a1450 Yk.Pl.(Add 35290)395/404 : All þat lelly luffes my lawe, Þai schall be blissid with-owten ende.
- c1450(1410) Walton Boeth.(Lin-C 103)p.3 : Þo þat Crist in heuene blisse [vr. blis] schal.
c
- (c1300) Havelok (LdMisc 108)2873 : Blissed worþe his soule ay!
- a1325(?a1300) Interl.CG (Add 23986)38 : God te blis!
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.NP.(Manly-Rickert)B.4638 : Yblessed be thy breche and euery stoon!
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.WB.(Manly-Rickert)D.525 : My fifthe housbonde, god his soule blesse!
- a1400 Cursor (Göt Theol 107)17889 : Vr lauerd, iesu crist, þe blisse!
- ?a1400(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.1 (Petyt 511)137 : Blissed be he of God of heuene!
- a1450(a1400) Athelston (Cai 175/96)560 : Iblessyd moot þou bee!
- a1450 Yk.Pl.(Add 35290)452/125 : God blisse you, brether, bloode and bone!
- a1475 Siege Troy(1) (Hrl 525)212/1930 : Blessed be ye, And all my good barons fre!
- a1500(?a1400) Firumb.(2) (Fil)290 : By god..Syr Olyuer..y-blesseþ mote ȝe be!
2.
Of a bishop, priest, etc.: (a) to pronounce a solemn blessing on (sb.), confer an ecclesiastical or patriarchal blessing; (b) to ask or desire God's blessing for (sb.); also, wish well to; show favor, do good to (sb.); (c) to ask God's blessing; ~ mete (bred), say grace over one's food.
Associated quotations
a
- a1121 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.675 : Ic, Theodorus, ærcebiscop of Cantwarbyrig..bletsie ealle þa þe hit healden.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)32157 : Þe pape..me and mine wiue he scal bletseiȝen.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)1552 : Blisced he [Jacob] wente his fader fro.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)6946 : Þe bissopes blessede..þe quene.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)5.33 : But þey were i-blessid of a preost.
- c1390 PPl.A(1) (Vrn)8.13 : Busschops þat blessen.
- a1425(a1382) WBible(1) (Corp-O 4)Gen.27.7 : Y shal blisse to thee [WB(2): blesse thee] bifore the Lord or I dye.
- (a1438) MKempe A (Add 61823)128/26 : Þe Erchebischop..blissed hir & let hir go.
- c1425(?c1400) Wycl.Apol.(Dub 245)29 : Þe pope may not bring in to grace ne bles him þat lastiþ in vntrowþ.
b
- a1225(c1200) Vices & V.(1) (Stw 34)13/19 : Gif he ðe wereȝede, ðu hine blesci.
- c1300(?c1225) Horn (Cmb Gg.4.27)584 : Þe kniȝt hire gan kesse & heo him to blesse [vr. blisse].
- c1330(?a1300) Tristrem (Auch)843 : Wheþer þou blis or ban.
- c1330 Le Freine (Auch)179 : Sche..blisced it [child] wiþ al hir miȝt.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mel.(Manly-Rickert)B.2483 : Blesse hym that seith to thee harm.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)1296 : Þe burde hym blessed.
- a1425(a1382) WBible(1) (Corp-O 4)Deut.24.13 : Thow shalt ȝeeld to hym..that he..blesse to thee [WB(2): blesse thee; L benedicat tibi].
- a1425 Ben.Rule(1) (Lnsd 378)8/29 : Ye sal luue yure enemis..ne banne þam noht, bot blisce þam.
- c1450(?a1400) Quatref.Love (Add 31042)509 : Scho blyssede his body, his bone, and his blode.
- ?a1500(a1475) Wright's CW (Lamb 306)273 : By godes myght, That schall I preue thys same nyght, Whether þou blys or banne.
c
- a1325(c1280) SLeg.Pass.(Pep 2344)840 : Ihesus tok bred..and blessede hit anon.
- c1330(?a1300) Arth.& M.(Auch)816 : Þat sche hir laid doun to slape, Ar [sche] hir dore & hir fenester Hadde yblisced.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)5.1238 : Thei made of Ceres a goddesse In whom here tilthe yit thei blesse.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.WB.(Manly-Rickert)D.869 : The grete charitee and prayeres Of lymytours..Blessynge halles, chambres, kichenes, boures.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)13496-8 : Iesus blissed [Frf: blessed] þis bred..He blisced als þe fisches tuin.
- a1425 Ben.Rule(1) (Lnsd 378)21/31 : Nan sal blisse hir mete.
- ?a1425(a1350) SLeg.Edw.(Jul D.9)795 : Þe king wesch..þe wounde..& blesseþe [vr. blessid] hit.
- a1450(?a1390) Mirk Fest.Suppl.(Cld A.2)293/1 : Þe prest..blessuth hure mete and hur drinke.
- a1450 Yk.Pl.(Add 35290)431/157 : Jesus: Nowe blisse I þis brede þat brought is on þe borde.
3.
(a) To make (sb.) fortunate or happy, be a blessing to; regard (sb.) as fortunate; (b) to order (one's conduct) well; (c) ?to bring into agreement.
Associated quotations
a
- a1425(c1395) WBible(2) (Roy 1.C.8)Job 29.11 : An eere herynge blesside me.
- a1425(c1395) WBible(2) (Roy 1.C.8)Ecclus.25.32 : A womman that blessith not [WB(1): maketh not blisful; L beatificat] hir hosebonde.
- ?c1475 *Cath.Angl.(Add 15562)15b : To Blisse: felicitare, felicere, fortunare.
b
- a1425(c1395) WBible(2) (Roy 1.C.8)Jer.7.5 : If ȝe blessen [L bene direxeritis] ȝoure weies and ȝour studies.
c
- a1425 *Medulla (Stnh A.1.10)15b/b : Collineo: to gedre blysse.
4.
(a) To deliver (sb. from evil, etc.); (b) to protect (from sth.), guard (against sth.).
Associated quotations
a
- a1225 Lamb.Hom.Pater N.(Lamb 487)57/64 : From alle uuele he scal blecen us.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mil.(Manly-Rickert)A.3484 : Iesu Crist..Blesse this hous from euery wikked wight.
- a1400 Cursor (Göt Theol 107)12779 : Messias þat þe folk abides sua, To blissen [vrr. frelsen, bringe] þaim vte of þair wa.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)1.436 : The fyr of love, the wherfro God me blesse, Ne him forbar.
b
- c1390 In a Pistel (Vrn)59 : But his grace is so wyde I-sowe, From his wraþþe I rede vs bles.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mcp.(Manly-Rickert)H.321 : A wikked tonge is worse than a feend..from a feend men may hem blesse.
- (c1449) Pecock Repr.(Cmb Kk.4.26)411 : If thilk doctor Henric..hadde blessid him silf fro this now seid perel.
- c1450 Dc.Prov.(Dc 52)p.46 : Kepe þe fro care, And blesse þe fro þe mare.
5.
To bless (sb., oneself) with the sign of the Cross; make the sign of the Cross; cross (oneself); ~ with the left hand, to curse.
Associated quotations
- c1225 Body & S.(2) (Wor F.174)5/13 : Heo wulleþ..Bletsien ham ȝeorne to burewen ham wiþ þe.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Marg.(1) (Bod 34)18/22 : Heo hef up hire hond & blecede al hire bodi wið þe taken of þe holi rode.
- c1300 SLeg.Becket (Hrl 2277)p.53 : Unethe he miȝte mid his hond..Blesci [Ld: blessi] that folc.
- c1300 SLeg.Edm.Abp.(Hrl 2277:Horst.)295 : Seint Edmund..wolde him blesci wiþ þe deuel.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)8385 : Hii blessede hom echon.
- c1380 Firumb.(1) (Ashm 33)256 : He lifte vp ys hond & blessed him þan.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.ML.(Manly-Rickert)B.449 : She blisseth [Elsm: blesseth] hire.
- a1400(?c1300) LFMass Bk.(Roy 17.B.17)58/618 : In mynde of god here I me blesse [Corp-O: blysse].
- a1400 Cursor (Göt Theol 107)7986 : He..blisced [Trin-C: blessed; Vsp: sanid; Frf: sayned] him and fel a-slepe.
- (a1438) MKempe A (Add 61823)177/21 : Sche durst not blissyn hir ne do no worschep to God.
- a1450 St.Editha (Fst B.3)2485 : Þe thombe of my ryȝt honde..With þe whyche y was y-wonde to blesse me.
- a1450(a1425) Mirk IPP (Cld A.2:Peacock)280 : Whenne þe gospelle I-red be schalle, Teche hem þenne to stonde vp alle, And blesse feyre as þey conne.
- c1450 Capgr.St.Kath.(Arun 396)prol.55 : He blysshed [vr. blyssed] it ofte.
- 1475 Stonor1.158 : They wryte on there speres: yf I hytte the, sheryfe the; yf I mysse the, blysse the.
- c1475 Mankind (Folg V.a.354)515 : I blysse yow with my lyfte honde; foull yow be-fall!
- a1500(?a1400) Firumb.(2) (Fil)338 : Thay..blessyd ham in goddys name.
- c1500 Little Child.Bk.(2) (Ashm 61)12 : Blysse þi brest & thi forhede.
6.
(a) To make or pronounce (sth.) holy, hallow; consecrate by a religious rite, dedicate to religious use; (b) to consecrate (sb.) to (religious office), invest with the dignity of (bishop, abbot, king).
Associated quotations
a
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)17193 : Þatt waterr þatt iss att te funnt Blettcedd wiþþ Godess wordess.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)167/22 : Moche þoleþ..þe chalis er ha by yblissed and y-zet ope þane weued.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)251b/b : Thus þat is yblissed schal be take vpon þe autier..thus wiþouten blissynge schal be do in þe Censer.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)1445 : Þe gay coroun of golde..Þat hade ben blessed bifore wyth bischopes hondes.
- ?a1425 Mandev.(2) (Eg 1982)85/10 : With grete reuerence he..rubbez it on his visage..in þat entent..þat he be blissed [Tit: made holy] with þat haly thing.
- (a1464) Capgr.Chron.(Cmb Gg.4.12)129 : The Pope gave him a ryng and a superaltarie..whech he had hallowid and blessid.
- (1464) Acc.Yatton in Som.RS 4103 : To ryde to Woke to blesse the chals.
- c1475(c1445) Pecock Donet (Bod 916)128/22 : He blissid þilk daie and maad it holy from al servile werk.
b
- a1121 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.1114 : Se cyng þa bebead þone arcb. þat he sceolde..blætson him [Abbot Ernulf] to b[iscop].
- ?a1160 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.1154 : Þa was he..to king bletcæd in Lundene.
- a1450 St.Editha (Fst B.3)4673 : Þen was Alfyne y-blessud abbas of þat plase.
7.
(a) To worship (a deity); glorify, extol; (b) to render thanks to (God), praise gratefully; (c) to give thanks to (sb.), salute, be grateful; say thanks for (sth.), express gratitude; (d) to curse (sb.).
Associated quotations
a
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)30/8 : I bledsod [L benedictus] is þe Drihten Israele!
- a1225(c1200) Vices & V.(1) (Stw 34)151/19 : Hit is riht ðat we heriȝen and þankin and bledscin fader and sune and hali gast.
- a1225 Lamb.Hom.Pater N.(Lamb 487)57/57 : Þi nome beo iblecced [L sanctificetur].
- c1250 Vre fader in heuene (Pavia 69)236 : Fader þat hart in heuene, blessed be þi name!
- c1350 Ayenb.App.(Arun 57)271/8 : Hayl, godes moder..y-blyssed by þou ouer alle wyfmen!
- c1350 MPPsalter (Add 17376)36.23 : Þe blissand [L benedicentes] our Lord shul en-herit þe heuen.
- c1350 MPPsalter (Add 17376)102.22 : Ȝe, alle werke of our Lord blisceþ our Lord.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mcp.(Manly-Rickert)H.99 : O Bacus, yblessed by thy name!
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)2389 : He blissed [vrr. blessed, worsheped] godd, þat king o blisse.
- c1400 In a Chirche (Sim)25 : To þonke and blesse hym we be bounde.
- a1425 Primer (Add 36683)21 : Blesse ye to the lord.
- c1440 PLAlex.(Thrn)59/12 : Þe perseyenes..by-gan to prayse Alexander..and blysse hym as he had bene a godd.
- a1450 St.Editha (Fst B.3)3037 : Euer amonge þey blessedone seynt Woltrude.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)360/137 : Blessyd be my god in his myhtys!
b
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)897 : Habram..bliscede dor godes migt, ðat bargt abram wel of ðat figt.
- 1372 At þe time (Adv 18.7.21)5 : We onuren þe, crist, & blissen þe with voys, For þu boutest þis werd with þin holi croys.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.WB.(Manly-Rickert)D.44 : Blessed be god, that I haue wedded fyue!
- a1425(a1382) WBible(1) (Corp-O 4)Deut.8.10 : Whanne thow eetist..thow blesse to [WB(2): blesse; L benedicas] the Lord, thi God, for the best loond that he hath ȝeue to thee.
- c1450 Ponthus (Dgb 185)111/35 : Blessed be our Lorde Ihesu Crist, that I thurgh his grete grace may see you.
- c1450 Capgr.St.Kath.(Arun 396)prol.112 : Of his dreem he blyssed god ofte-sythe.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)360/140 : Lord, thy swete holy name wyth lovnesse I blysse..that it lykyth youre mercy me to you to wysse.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)37/467 : Now blissid be he That thus for vs can ordand!
c
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)7181 : Hise lede lufenn himm & blettcenn himm wiþþ herrte.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Juliana (Bod 34)33/332 : Iuliene, þe eadie, iblescet beo þe time þet tu ibore were.
- c1300(?c1225) Horn (Cmb Gg.4.27)1364 : Iblessed beo þe time I com to Suddenne.
- c1330(?c1300) Guy(1) (Auch)2840 : Mi frende fre, For ȝour tidinges blisced ȝe be!
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)196 : Alle ledes him louede..& blesseden þat him bare.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mil.(Manly-Rickert)A.3218 : Ful often blessed was his murye throte.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)8.3104 : The poeple schal nought ben oppressid, Wherof his name schal be blessid For evere.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Mch.(Manly-Rickert)E.1916 : For that word hym blessed euery man.
- a1400 PPl.B (Trin-C B.15.17)7798 [12.187] : Wel may the barn blesse that man That hym to book sette.
- ?a1400(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.2 (Petyt 511)p.97 : Þus gate was þat werre pesed..I blisse Anselme þerfore.
- a1425(?c1350) Ywain (Glb E.9)3344 : Folk of þe toun..blissed þe time þat he was born.
- a1425(a1382) WBible(1) (Corp-O 4)1 Kings 25.14 : Thei wolden blesse to oure lord [WB(2): blesse oure lord].
- (c1426) Audelay Poems (Dc 302)19/250 : Þai blessun her burþ and þe bodys þat ham bare.
- c1450 Dc.Prov.(Dc 52)45 : Blessyd be þe peny þat bryngyth too home.
- a1500(?a1400) Firumb.(2) (Fil)1708 : Ȝe schulle blasse the tyme that euer ȝe were bore!
- a1500(?a1390) Mirk Fest.(GoughETop 4)41/6 : Ȝe mowe blesse þe tyme þat ȝe wer borne, forto haue suche vysitacion.
d
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Dc 369(1))Job 2.5 : Thou shalt see that in to the face he blisse to thee [WB(2): he schal curse thee; L benedicat].
Supplemental Materials (draft)
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2)) Dan.3.57 : Blesse ȝe, alle the werkis of the Lord, to the Lord.
Note: Sense 7.(a)
Note: 'alle..Lord' is direct address, not a d. ob. of blesse--per MJW