Middle English Dictionary Entry
veil n.(1)
Entry Info
Forms | veil n.(1) Also veil(l)e, vele, vail, vail(l)e, vale, weile, wele, wail(e, wal(e, (SW) feil & (?error) viele, (error) bayle. |
Etymology | OF vel(le, AF veil, veil(l)e, vail(e, vile, vars. of OF voil, voile; also cp. L vēlum. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) A fabric headdress, usually covering the forehead and the sides and back of the head and hanging down to the shoulders or below;—worn chiefly by women; also, a cloth worn to conceal the face or head; also fig.; holi ~ (of veronica, the veil of St. Veronica, supposed to be miraculously imprinted with the image of Jesus’ face;
(b) the veil as worn by nuns and female religious, considered symbolic of fidelity to Christ and in some instances conferred by a bishop in a solemn ritual of consecration; taken the ~, to become a nun.
Associated quotations
a
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)3616 : Oðere tables he [Moses] broghte eft, writen, And sunne-bem-brigt son is wliten, Ðat folc on him ne migte sen, But a veil wore hem bi-twen.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))2 Cor.3.13-15 : We, hauynge such hope, vsen moche trist, and not as Moyses puttide a veyl on his face, that the children of Israel schulde not byholde in to his face, the which veyl [vr. veyle, that is, dercnesse of scripturis] is auoydid; But the wittis of hem ben astoneyed, sothli til in to this day the same veyl in redinge of the oolde testament dwellith not schweid, for in Crist it is auoydid, but til in to this day, Whanne Moyses is radd, the veyl is putt vpon her hertis.
- (c1387-95) Chaucer CT.Prol.(Manly-Rickert)A.695 : He hadde a pilwe beer Which that he seyde was oure lady veyl.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)958 : Þat oþer wyth a gorger watz gered ouer þe swyre, Chymbled ouer hir blake chyn with mylk-quyte vayles.
- (c1422) Hoccl.JWife (Dur-U Cosin V.3.9)758 : With hir veil hir face hid had shee.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)3864 : Shame came forth full symply…Humble of hir port…Weryng a bayle [read: vayle] in stide of wymple.
- c1425 Mirror LM&W (Hrl 45)181/35 : Seint Poule…counsaileþ hem þat…þei couere her hedes with clene veyles.
- a1400 Siege Jerus.(1) (LdMisc 656)231 : Veronyk & þe vail Waspasian þey broȝt…Was neuer odour…swetter; Þe kerchef…so cler wexed.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)2300 : He…fand a pure prophetas aparaild in vailes [Dub: wales].
- c1470 Bible F.(Cleve-W q091.92-C468)74/12 : The princis and the barons & the senatours beyng there wurshipt the holy veil.
- c1470 Bible F.(Cleve-W q091.92-C468)74/25 : Therwithall…was Vaspasian made hole…bi the miracle of that holi veile of Veronica.
- a1475 Asneth (Hnt EL 26.A.13)447 : Lai don þi wail; discouere þi hed.
- c1479(1424) Lydg.Flemings (Lamb 84)31 : Thou madist an oothe…shewyng there a face ful benyg[n]e, Vndyr a veyle of fals decepcioun.
- a1500 Add.37075 Gloss (Add 37075)44/183a : Suparus…supari sunt plite [?read: plice] in velis: the foldyng in weylys.
- ?a1525(?a1475) Play Sacr.(Dub 652)304 : Good shyffte may ye make, And, for a vaylle, to walkyn on a nyght.
b
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)215/19 : Beoð bi warme cappen & þer uppon hwite oðer blake veiles [Cleo: ueilles].
- c1230 Ancr.(Corp-C 402)34/16 : Draheð ow wel inward & te ueil adun toward ower breoste.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)5.33 : A nonne…schal bere a veile [vr. feyl] on hire heed.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)7.459 : Sche bare þe vayle of holy avow…sche took þe vayle for to putte of wowers.
- c1390 NHom.Narrat.(Vrn)41.307/17 : A Bisschop spoused hem to crist…And ȝaf hem veil and Nonne wede.
- a1425(c1300) NHom.(1) Abp.& N.(Ashm 42)p.78 : Thir maydens ware sent thaire uayles to take Of that bisschope.
- a1425 Ordin.Nuns(1) (Lnsd 378)144/9,11 : When þe preste hase halowid it, thre or fowre of hir sistirs…sall…stand a-bowte hir, qwil hir vales ar in doyng on…Þan, when sho is arayid vp in hir valis, þe chantir sall be-ginne solemply þis hym: ‘Veni, creator.’
- (1442-3) Visit.Alnwick131a : We enioyne yowe…that your vayles come downe nyghe to your yene or your browes.
- a1450 Rev.HWoman (Lngl 29)74/497,499 : Þe deuelles kest veillys of fyr vp-on har hedes and þat came doun to har brewes, and…seid…‘Take her þese veillys for þe grete shewynge þat ȝe shewed ȝour face in ȝour lyf, agayne ȝour ordyr.’
- c1460 My fayr lady (Hrl 2255)p.200 : Hire wombe is…Rympled liche a nunnys veylle.
- c1475 Why Nun (Vsp D.9)350 : Your wymppylle and your vayle…Maketh men…To wene ȝe be holy in levyng.
- a1500 Add.37075 Gloss (Add 37075)45/185b : Instrumentum monialis: weyle.
2.
(a) A cloth used to cover or conceal something or as a decoration; a hanging; also, a section of fabric as a component of a curtain; also fig.;
(b) a liturgical veil used to conceal the altar or to cover the crucifix, statuary, etc., esp. during Lent; ~ rop, ?a rope for the Lenten veil;
(c) the curtain concealing the Holy of Holies and separating it from the other parts of the Hebrew temple, which according to Matt.27.51 was torn and parted at the moment of Christ’s death; ~ of the temple, temple ~;
(d) pathol. a morbid web or film caused by swollen veins on the surface of the eye.
Associated quotations
a
- a1325 Gloss.Bibbesw.(Cmb Gg.1.1)1035 : E mettez la teille [glossed:] wele al ydol de lith [vr. the cloth at the beddes heved].
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Ex.26.6 : Þou schalt make fyfty golden ceerclis, with þe wich þe veylis [L vela] of þe corteins ben to be Ioynyd.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Dc 369(1))Wisd.17.3 : Bi the derc veil [L velamento] of forȝeting thei ben scatered.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Heb.10.20 : He halowide to vs a new wey…lyuyng bi a veyl, or keuering, that is to seye, his fleisch.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)1.1899 : Vnder curteyn and veil of honeste Is closed chaunge.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)4.4542 : Daunz Anthenor and Pollydamas…han contreued amonge hem outterly, And vnder veil concelyd secrely, Ȝiffe it falle þat Grekis Troye haue…how þei may her owne lyves save.
- a1425(a1382) WBible(1) (Corp-O 4)Ex.26.33 : The veyle…be it sett yn bi cercles, with ynne the whiche thou shalt put the arke of testymonye.
- a1425 *Medulla (Stnh A.1.10)49a/a : Peripetasma: a veyle or a couertour of pauilon.
- (a1425) Stonor1.40 : Payd…For a vele, iij s. iiij d.
- ?a1425 Orch.Syon (Hrl 3432)138/34 : I haue hid…my dyuyn nature by þe veil of ȝoure humanyte.
- ?a1450 Sel.Rosarium Theol.(Cai 354/581)100/25,31 : ‘I fande…a vaile hyngyng in þe dorez of þe chirche, died & peynted wiþ þe ymage of þe crucifixe’…‘Comand þou…siche maner vailez þat comeþ agayne our religion noȝt for to honngen vp.’
- a1500(c1410) Dives & P.(Htrn 270)1.269 : Whan þo þyngis wern fulfyllyd be þe passion of Crist, þat veyl & mystyhed of figuris schuldyn…cesyn.
- a1500(a1450) Ashmole SSecr.(Ashm 396)75/1 : Ther ryseth out of the rote of the brayn sotell skynnes and light…and they ben as a vaill or a curteyn to this kyng.
b
- (1399-1400) Mem.Ripon in Sur.Soc.81129 : In salario Johannis Payntour pictantis j magnum vale ad cooperiendum crucem stantem infra corpus ecclesiæ.
- (1424-5) Mem.Ripon in Sur.Soc.81151 : Item, Roberto Raper pro ij wellerapis…et j veylrape.
- (1429) Acc.St.Michael Oxf.in OAST 7822 : For a Lent cloth i-called the veylle, ii s. iiii d.
- (1447) Acc.St.Mary Thame in BBOAJ 11117 : Item, a white weyle for the croce in lent tyme And a noyr white weyle to be hongyng in the Chauncell be for the hye autr in lentyn tyme.
- c1450 Dives & P.(Lchf 35)1.26 : On Palme Sonday…þe veille is drawen up before þe rode.
- (1455) Acc.St.Ewen in BGAS 15150 : Item, the veyl, other wyse called the lent cloth of whyte lynen cloth with a cross of blue, and the lyne thereto.
- (1472) Acc.St.Edm.Sarum7 : Item, j veyle to be drawen in lenton tyme to fore the hye auter.
- a1500(?a1390) Mirk Fest.PP (GoughETop 4)126/7 : Þe vayle þat haþe be drawen all þe Lenton bytwene þe auter and þe qwere…bytokenyþe…Cristis passion.
c
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Luke 23.45 : The veyl of the temple was kitt the myddel.
- a1400 Comp.Our Lady (Pep 2498)106/6 : Þe vaile in þe temple tocleue in two parties.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)1.1747 : In þe temple þe veil was kut on two.
- a1425(?a1350) Nicod.(1) (Glb E.9)693 : What raf þe vayl [vr. wayle] þat in ȝowre temple hang?
- a1425(?a1400) Cloud (Hrl 674)127/9 : Aaron had in his power…for to se it in þe temple with-inne þe veyle.
- c1429 Mirror Salv.(Beeleigh)2956 : The vaille of the Temple was rent to make the Pharisens haf rewth.
- a1450(a1400) SChart.Chr.(Add 37049)25 : Witness þe vayle [vrr. wale, viele] þat þan did ryfe, And men þat rose fro ded to lyfe.
- a1500(?c1425) Spec.Sacer.(Add 36791)109/36 : The vayle of the temple this day is cutte.
- a1500 SLeg.Pass.(Vsp A.3)959/85 : Dede men risen out of þer graue, þe temple vayl clef in twoo.
d
- ?a1425 *MS Htrn.95 (Htrn 95)113a/b : Sebel is cleped when þe veines…of þe white of þe yȝe & of þe blak…be replete of blode & engrossed, of þe whiche vngula is caused oþer while, þat is to seie, a litil ueile.
3.
A ship’s sail.
Associated quotations
- a1425 *Medulla (Stnh A.1.10)14a/a : Cherucus: cop of mast or veyle [Cnt: veyll; Hrl 2257: wayll; Add 33534: wal].
- a1425 *Medulla (Stnh A.1.10)68b/a : Velum: a veyle [Hrl 1738: seyl].
- ?a1425(?a1350) Castleford Chron.(Göt Hist 740)20158 : Þar vailes on ce againe þai turned.
- ?a1425(?a1350) Castleford Chron.(Göt Hist 740)25441 : Þar schippes þai…drest; Þai sette þar vailes…Towardes amorik britaine.
- c1450 Pilgr.LM (Cmb Ff.5.30)191 : Aboue was the mast…dressed wher upon heeng the seyl…whiche oother weys is cleped veyle.
- c1475 Chartier Quad.(1) (UC 85)155/3 : The ship that is cast to and fro…goth with lowe veile.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
- a1500 Dc.45 Artist.Recipes (Dc 45) 149/18 : Poyntes of cloþyng: lappys, voldys, gocetes, plyys, poyntes, valys, rumpys, plytes.
Note: Additional quot. sense 1.(a). New spelling (pl.) = valis.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
Note: Med., etc., see further J.Norri, Dictionary of Medical Vocabulary, s.v. veil.