Middle English Dictionary Entry
ū̆s-self pron.
Entry Info
Forms | ū̆s-self pron. Also (early) usselvan, usselwen & (error) usseuen. |
Etymology | From ū̆s pron. & self pron.; also cp. LOE ūs sylfum. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
Note: Cp. oure-self(e pron.
1.
Emphatic pl. pron. having the same referent as we pron. used as subj.: ourselves:
(a) as appositive to the subj. of a clause;—occas. with ellipsis of verb;
(b) as direct obj. of a verb or an inf.;
(c) as indirect obj. or dative of interest or reference: to ourselves, for ourselves;
(d) as obj. of a prep.; bi ~ al-one, by ourselves only; bi ~ two, together.
Associated quotations
a
- c1175(OE) Bod.Hom.Dom.2 Quadr.(Bod 343)50/15 : Is us swiðe mycel ðearf þæt we us sylfe weorðe don him to eardungstowe.
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)26/31 : We sceolon tocnawæn hwæt we us sylfe beoð, na hwæt we sylfe habbæð.
- a1225(?OE) Lamb.Hom.(Lamb 487)11 : Nu beoð icumen…þa halie daȝes uppen us ȝif we wullet us seolue.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)7273 : We wulleð makien muchel fæht…oðer we us-seoluen of-slaȝen wulleð liggen.
- c1330 Degare (Auch)104 : Iich haue iloued þe mani a ȝer, And now we beȝ vs selue her.
- c1380 Firumb.(1) (Ashm 33)2810 : We ous self buþ feynt & pal for hungre & for þerst.
- (a1382) WBible(1) Prols.Esd.(Bod 959)61 : Þoo thingis þat wee vsself vnderstonden in oure owne tunge shewyn.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Rom.8.23 : We vs silf sorwen with ynne vs the adopcioun of Goddis sones.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)5.127 : It is þe virtu of þewes for to overcome vices and synne; in þat bataille we beeþ strengere þan we us self.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Cl.(Manly-Rickert)E.108 : Lord, so wel vs liketh yow And al youre werk…that we Ne kouden nat vs self deuysen how We myghte lyuen in moore felicitee.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)9919 : Þogh we vs self ȝaf an hundryd syþe, O poynt of loue ne myȝt we kyþe vn-to þe loue þat he haþ vs doun.
- c1450(c1400) Vices & V.(2) (Hnt HM 147)230/30 : God…wot what vs nedeþ better þan we vsself cunnen.
b
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)124/17 : Þeah þa [read: þe] ða deade ban of þare buriȝnes specon ne maȝon, þeah we maȝen us sylfæn bi þam læren.
- a1200 Trin.Hom.(Trin-C B.14.52)65 : We agen to gabben us seluen forþat we synegeden.
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)157/2 : We wreieð wel her & demeð her us seoluen [Nero: us suluen].
- a1275(?c1150) Prov.Alf.(Trin-C B.14.39)126/526 : Biþeng we þennus us selwen [Jes-O: vs sulue] to leden ure lif.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)2593 : Grei[ð]e we us seoluen [Otho: hus seolue] mid grimme oure ræsen.
- a1300 Ancr.(Cai 234/120)9/2 : Ach fulwel he let of hwen ei seið þat he makede him te sunegin as þach he hefde strencðe, þe naued nan mid-alle buten of us soluen.
- c1380 Firumb.(1) (Ashm 33)4175 : Wan we comeþ in-to oure helue, þan mowe we þar reste ous selue.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pars.(Manly-Rickert)I.349 : If that we seyn that we be with oute synne, we deceyue vs selue.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)1595 : Y rede þat we leue alle oure foule sawys Þat we sle nat vs self gostly.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)23718 : Þat…blindes vs a littel wele, þat we can noght vs seluen [Göt: vs seuen] fele.
- c1400 Bk.Mother (Bod 416)62/10 : He wiste wel þat we hadde blend us self and destried oure gostliche wittis, þat we seie not ne saurede none heueneliche þinges.
- c1400 PLove (Hrl 2254)150/16 : We shul…a-counte we vs-selfe leest & lowest of alle.
- a1425 Wycl.Serm.(Bod 788)2.300 : We shulen se in heven myche betir us silf and al oþir þingis on þe þridde maner of siȝt.
- (c1449) Pecock Repr.(Cmb Kk.4.26)165 : We take to us sum seable rememoratijf or mynding signes and tokenes forto therbi remembre us silf upon the deede.
c
- a1225(?OE) Lamb.Hom.(Lamb 487)123 : Þet wit and þene wisdom þe ure drihten us sende, aspenen we hit on godes willan and on godes wercan, and us seluan to helpe herien we ure drihten.
- a1480(c1450) Barlaam (2) (Peterh 257)91/3347 : He tolde hym how grete harme we do vsself whan we do eny synne.
d
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)26/32 : We sceolon…þa soðan eadmodnesse on us sylfe cyþan.
- a1225(c1200) Vices & V.(1) (Stw 34)87/32 : Godd…wile us finden ðat nied is, ȝif we arst him makieð reste on us seluen.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Bar.1.13 : Fynde we grace in þe siȝte of hem & for vsself preieþ to þe lord oure god.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))2 Cor.1.9 : We silf in vs silf hadden answere of deeth, that we be not tristinge in vs silf, but in God.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.WB.(Manly-Rickert)D.812 : We fille acorded by vs seluen two.
- (a1402) Trev.DCur.(Hrl 1900)89/2 : We wolde ȝeue ȝou ensaumple in vs silf how ȝe schulde folowe us.
- a1425(?c1375) NHom.(3) Leg.(Hrl 4196)9/398 : We sal noght be bi us-self allone.
- a1425(?c1400) Wycl.PN(2) (Hrl 2398)106 : We…makeþ oure synnes more grevous byfore God and axeþ verray vengeaunce to ous self of God.
- a1425 Ben.Rule(1) (Lnsd 378)7/16 : Lauerd, giue us sua at liue þat we may yelde þe resun for us-self at þe day of dome.
- c1425 Mirror LM&W (Hrl 45)84/34 : Noght we haue of vs silf but wikkednesse & synne.
- c1450 From þe tyme (Lamb 853)35 : Praie we for us silf & oþer moo Þat god sende us paciens in oure olde age.
2.
Emphatic pl. pron. having the same referent as us pron. used as the subj. of an inf.: ourselves;—occas. used in an impers. construction:
(a) as direct obj. of an inf.;
(b) as obj. of a prep.
Associated quotations
a
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)12970 : Uss ne birrþ uss sellfenn nohht Þurrh modiȝnesse shæwenn.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)12629 : Graunte vs alle vs self to ȝeme.
- c1400 Bk.Mother (Bod 416)112/25 : Al þis he dide to teche us þe wei and to dispise us-self and þe world.
- ?c1430(c1400) Wycl.FCLife (Corp-C 296)192 : Oure song lettiþ vs fro betre occupacion & stiriþ vs to many grete synnes & to forȝete vs self.
b
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)7526 : Uss birrþ lætenn unnorneliȝ & litell off uss sellfenn.
- (c1449) Pecock Repr.(Cmb Kk.4.26)164 : Sufficient doom of resoun allowith…us forto make…for us silf…ymagis of men and wommen.
3.
Emphatic pl. pron. used independently:
(a) as subj. of an elliptical clause: we ourselves [could also be construed as (d)];
(b) as direct obj. of an inf.: us, ourselves;
(c) as indirect obj. of a verb: to or for us, to or for ourselves;
(d) as obj. of a prep.: us, ourselves; to ~ ward; bitwene ~ two, between the two of us.
Associated quotations
a
- c1450(c1350) Alex.& D.(Bod 264)873 : Ful loþ were oure bestus To ben so simple of [read: as] vs silf and suffre þat tene.
b
- a1425 PPl.A(1) (UC 45)8.114 : Vs selue [Trin-C: Ne soliciti sitis, he seiþ…in his gospel, And shewiþ it vs be ensaumple oureselue to wisse].
- c1475(c1445) Pecock Donet (Bod 916)100/16 : Also vndir entent to gaste vs silf þat we not synne eftsoone, [etc.].
c
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)155/6 : Þis beoð nuðe þreo þring þet hit deð us seoluen.
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)156/1 : Þe þridde þing is þet schrift deð us seoluen þe frut of þes oþre twa & end eð ham baðe, þet is, makeð us godes children.
d
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)126/11 : He is wac þe na strengðe naueð on us bute of us seoluen.
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)154/26 : Schrift haueð monie mihtes…þreo aȝein þe deouel & þreo on us seoluen.
- c1300 SLeg.Becket (LdMisc 108)1636 : We wuten wel al þis; For us-sulf [Hrl: ous silve] nis us nouȝt, bote for þe, i-wis.
- a1325(c1280) SLeg.Pass.(Pep 2344)1380 : Let þe wrecche…of his blod beo ydo, Vpon vs-selue among vs and vp oure children al-so.
- c1330(?c1300) Reinbrun (Auch)p.662 : Þar-to þe treuþe pliȝte me Betwene vs-selue to.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)prol.525 : In him ther is defalte non; So moste it stonde upon ousselve, Nought only upon ten ne twelve, Bot plenerliche upon ous alle.
- a1400 Siege Jerus.(1) (LdMisc 656)872 : Þe loþe of þe layk liȝt on vs-selue.
- ?a1425 Wycl.CGosp.Luke (Cmb Kk.2.9:Hudson)28/300 : Holy men axen pees, not onely þilke pees whiche is among men togidere, but also þat pees whiche is to vssilf, for ful ofte we beren batel in þe herte.
- a1450(1408) Vegetius(1) (Dc 291)149/23 : Þese perelys most be voyded on oure side by wardinge and kepinge of vsselue aȝenst oure enemyes.
- (a1475) Fortescue Gov.E.(LdMisc 593)135 : It shalnot only be goode to owre prince, but also to vs selff, that he be well indowed.
- c1475(c1445) Pecock Donet (Bod 916)50/19 : Þe vertu of honeste…[is] forto kepe and fulfille þe doom of resoun anentis vse of worldly goodis to vs silf ward.
4.
With singular referent, used as a plural of authority: ourself, myself.
Associated quotations
- (1258) Procl.Hen.III in PST (1868)21 : We senden ȝew þis writ open iseined wiþ vre seel…Witnesse vs seluen æt Lunden…In þe Twoandfowertiȝþe ȝeare of vre cruninge.
5.
As reciprocal pron.: each other.
Associated quotations
- a1425 Wycl.Serm.(Bod 788)2.313 : We shulden love us silf togidere.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
- c1425 Leg.Cross BC(2) (Pep 2125)56 : On þat croys þey crucified our lord Ihesu Crist to oure aller saluacion if we vs self wulleþ deseruy hit.
Note: Additional quot., sense 1.(a).