Middle English Dictionary Entry
uphōlden v.
Entry Info
Forms | uphōlden v. Also uphold(e, uphald(e(n(e, uppehalde, (K) ophelden, (early) uphelden; p. upheld(e, uphield; pl. uphelde(n, (error) upheden; ppl. uphold(e(n, uphalden. |
Etymology | From hōlden v.(1). |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) To hold (sb. or sth.) up, support physically; also, lift (sb. or sth., one’s hands), raise; also in fig. context;—also without obj. [last quot.];
(b) ?of a person: to hold up or out his or her hands to receive something; ?of money or gifts: continue, last;
(c) to remain standing, stay upright.
Associated quotations
a
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)74/21 : Ancre…mot…ȝeouen strengðe oþre & up halden ham þet ha ne fallen i þe dunge of sunne.
- (c1380) Chaucer CT.SN.(Manly-Rickert)G.189 : Vrban for ioye hise handes gan vp holde.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)1.985 : He hire in hise armes faste Uphield.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)538 : Hijs fete him bers up fra fall, Als þe erth vp haldes [Trin-C: vp holdeþ] all.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)2442 : Þe wyȝe hit yow ȝelde Þat vp-haldez þe heuen & on hyȝ sittez.
- a1450(?c1421) Lydg.ST (Arun 119)2252 : Tydeus…Fyfty knyghtes slogh…But on except…Sworn and assured with his honde vpholde, The kyng tenforme how they wern atteynt.
- (?1440) Palladius (DukeH d.2)4.82 : A lighter vyne is with a lesse Stakyng vpholde.
- c1460 Cursor (LdMisc 416)10765 : Echon with yerd forþe gan step…Alle hir yerdis did vphold.
- a1500(?a1400) Torrent (Chet 8009)2273 : Sir Torent was takyn than…Gret ruth it was to be hold How his sword he did vp-hold To his son.
- a1500(c1400) St.Erk.(Hrl 2250)349 : Þen wos louynge oure Lorde wyt loves vp-halden.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)8760 : Thos maisturs gert make a meruelous ymage…With a noble sword…in his hond, Vp holdand on high as he þat wold stryke.
b
- ?c1450 Chaucer HF (Pep 2006)1309 : A larges, a larges, vp hold well!
c
- ?a1400(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.1 (Petyt 511)4374 : Many on fell, & many vphelde; Many tome sadill & hors ostray.
2.
(a) To provide sustenance or support [quot. a1333]; give material or moral sustenance or support to (sb. or sth., oneself, an animal), sustain, support; also, preserve (sth.); ~ quer, attend to the duties of the choir; ~ thin lif, feed yourself;
(b) to support the ongoing cost of (a bridge, votive candle, etc.), maintain; ppl. upholden, paid for (by sb.), maintained;
(c) to fulfil (an intention, a prophecy), realize;
(d) to endure, hold out; also, endure (sth.), withstand.
Associated quotations
a
- a1250(?c1150) Prov.Alf.(Mdst A.13)90/164 : Nis no yurt [read: wurt]…þat efre muȝe þe feiȝe fere up-helden.
- c1350(a1333) Shoreham Poems (Add 17376)24/665 : Hys honden, men beþ þat wel doþ; Þe fet, þat wel op-heldeþ.
- 1389 Nrf.Gild Ret.110 : For alle the gilde bretherun an sisterun that this gilde furst begonne and lengest sal vp-haldene, says a pater noster.
- c1390 Castle Love(1) (Vrn)609 : A child þer is iboren to vs…Þat schal vpholden his kynedome.
- a1425 MChristi (Arun 286)66/2202,2204 : As oure bodyly flesche ne may no whyle be upholden in his strengþe wiþoute bodyle mete…so þe soule may no whyle be upholden wiþoute gostly mete.
- c1425 Glo.Chron.A (Hrl 201)p.112 : Oure bi leue…in þe hye Godes ys y do Saturnus and Jupiter…þat vp holdeþ þe world.
- c1440 HBk.GDei (Thrn)2/18 : Off thre degrees of grace fynde we…Ane þer es…that God gyffes till all creatours to vp-halde þame with.
- a1450(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.1 (Lamb 131)12886 : Wyþoute los schold þey nought go But ȝyf þey mighte Petron slo…ffor his confort þe Bretons vp held.
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Grail (Corp-C 80)41.360 : Therfore Moste Goddis lawe here Stedfastly ben vp-holden in Ony Manere; and þerfore In þis lond that lawe Roten welen we, and the Rootes of þe fals lawe breken sekerle.
- a1450 Fasc.Mor.(Rwl C.670)Tag 46 [49] 1 : When þou þy lyfe vp-holdyste, Þynke wan þou arte oldyste, And do gode at þe ȝate.
- (a1450) Code Laws in Willmore Hist.Walsall168 : The seid Patrons woll…to be so good Masters to the Towne of Walsall as to admytte such Ps[almis]te or Ps[almis]tes as be able in conyng of pryksonge to maynten, kepe, and uphold the queer.
- c1450 Alph.Tales (Add 25719)299/26 : A man…bewytt vnto iij sonnys…ane ass…at þai sulde vpholde it & giff it meate emang þaim.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)1229/9 : He…moste loved the felyshyp of noble knyghtes, and by hym they all were upholdyn.
- a1500 PNoster R.Hermit (Trin-C O.1.29:Arntz)125/1 : Þou salte worchippe me with sacrificez of louynge & þat es full suete sacrificez vnto God, all þinge in his myghte worthily weldande & godely it vp-holdande.
b
- (?a1417) Mem.Bk.York in Sur.Soc.120221 : The whilk vj s. viij d…sall be keped…to upholde and releve a lyght to be borne…on Corpus Cristy day.
- (1420) Doc.in Sur.Soc.8516 : The executors, heirs, or assignes of William Pountfreyt sall pay for the werkemanshippe of the gutter makyng…and thay sall uppehalde it alleway of thayre coste.
- (1428) Doc.in Sur.Soc.8517 : Yay awarde and deme…that bathe the partyes make and uppehalde the gutter…of thayre bather costages.
- (1428) Mem.Bk.York in Sur.Soc.125180 : Thair accordement was this…that a man of the a crafte and a man of the tother crafte suld…gedyr uppe thair pageant sylver of men of bathe craftes…and uphald thair torches in the procession of Corpus Christi day and all thair lyghtes in the mynster and in other places.
- (1431-2) Will York in Sur.Soc.3020 : If any…defaute in werkemanshyp fall…unto Catryk brigg…or Skete brygg…myne executours to sewe yaim yat be reconysannce er bon for to uphold yaim.
- (1466) in Cox Churches Derb.4.87 : One sepulcur serge upholden by John Hardyng, and after upholden and kepte by Richard Stayngar…And lykewyse of oder sepultr serges sustened of charite by oder of the parishe.
c
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)202/46 : He wyl us werke ryght mekyl shame, his fals purpos if he up-holde.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)111/344 : Isay says…That a vyrgyn…wold Bryng furth…a floure so bold; That vyrgyn now has these wordys vphold.
d
- a1400 NVPsalter (Vsp D.7)129.3 : Ife wicknes, lauerd, þou bihald al, Lauerd, wha ite vphald sal?
- a1500(?c1450) Florence (Cmb Ff.2.38)883 : For mayntene [?read: For to mayntene] and vpholde Agayne Syr Garcy…The towne leuyth all in drede.
3.
To suppose (sth. has happened), ?warrant.
Associated quotations
- a1450 Yk.Pl.(Add 35290)325/150 : I vphalde full euyll has þe happed.
4.
?To place hope (in God’s word); also, ?wait for (sth., God), await;—transl. of L sustinēre.
Associated quotations
- a1400 NVPsalter (Vsp D.7)24.2 : Nene scorne me sal mi faa, For þat þe vphald [L sustinent], noght schent ben þa.
- a1400 NVPsalter (Vsp D.7)129.4 : For þi lagh, lauerd, vpheld i þe.
- a1400 NVPsalter (Vsp D.7)129.5 : Vpheld mi saule in worde hisse; Hoped mi saule in lauerd ofe blisse.
- a1400 NVPsalter (Eg 614)55.7 : Swa als thai vpheden [read: vphelden; Vsp: abade] Saul mine, for noht salt þou Berihed make þam lesse and mare.