Middle English Dictionary Entry
tīnen v.(2)
Entry Info
Forms | tīnen v.(2) Also tin(e, tinnen, tene & (error) tyme; sg.3 tineth, etc. & tinitz, tinnit; pl. tine, etc. & tinun; p. tined, tint(e, (errors) stint, tymed; ppl. i)tint(e, tinde, tenid, itent, tente. |
Etymology | ON: cp. OI tȳna; some exx. in -e- could also be construed as ME tẹ̄nen v. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1a.
(a) To suffer material loss; ppl. tint, deprived (of goods); (b) to lose (goods, a prisoner, land, etc.), be dispossessed of, be deprived of; also in fig. context; also, lose (one's horse), fall off; (c) ~ stiropes, to lose footing in the stirrups while riding.
Associated quotations
a
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)2083 : Ȝyf þou make any man falsly tyne, As for þeft, þou shalt haue pyne.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)9448 : Þe parsone wynneþ; þe cosyne tynes.
- a1425(a1400) PConsc.(Glb E.9 & Hrl 4196)1457 : Now we wyn, now we tyn; Now er we ryche, now er we pur.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)13417 : He light in a hauyn..With his shippes alto-shent..tynt of hor godes.
b
- (c1300) Havelok (LdMisc 108)2023 : He ne tinte no catel.
- a1350 Opon a somer (LdMisc 108)114 : Tynt was his tresor.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)3530 : Hauk es eth..To reclaym þat has tint his pray.
- c1400(a1376) PPl.A(1) (Trin-C R.3.14)10.196 : Þat bacoun þei tyne [vr. tynun].
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)19.338 : Surquydous..And..spille-loue..tolde hem..þat tyne þei shulde þe sedes That Pieres þere hadde ysowen, þe cardynal vertues.
- a1425(?a1350) 7 Sages(2) (Glb E.9)2954 : He hopid to tyne his landes.
- c1450(?a1400) Roland & O.(Add 31042)1383 : When þat þay to-gedir mett, A sekere stroke was there sett, Þat bothe þay tynte þaire stedys.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)903 : Þai..telles him how his trouage is tynt.
- c1475(c1399) Mum & S.(1) (Cmb Ll.4.14)3.81 : Þe leder..tymed [read: tyned] no twynte but tolled her cornes.
- a1500 Tundale (Adv 19.3.1)336 : Ȝyf we hym [Tundale] tyne, þat [read: þan] haue we wronge.
c
- c1330(?a1300) Tristrem (Auch)3261 : His stiropo [read: stirops] he made him tine, To grounde he him wrong.
- c1440 Degrev.(Thrn)1287 : He gafe þe Duk suylke a dynt Þat bathe his steraps he tynt.
1b.
(a) To suffer loss of (a part, function, or faculty of the body, bodily strength, etc.); (b) of a plant: to lose (leaves, color, etc.); (c) ~ daies (terme), to suffer the end of one's lifespan, die; ~ hed, suffer decapitation; ~ lif (swete), lose one's life (lifeblood), die.
Associated quotations
a
- ?a1300 Maximian (Dgb 86)163 : I-tint is al mi fiȝt.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)11.35 : Þow hast wel fer til elde; A man may stoupe tymes ynow whan he shal tyne þe croune.
- a1425(?a1350) 7 Sages(2) (Glb E.9)2573 : Herod..tynt his sight for euil kownsail.
- c1450(a1425) MOTest.(SeldSup 52)5202 : All..sall chese on of þo twa to take or tyne: Auder the ryght Eye forto lese or suffer ded.
- c1450(a1375) Octav.(2) (Clg A.2)1147 : Both hys armes were y-tent.
- a1500(a1400) Libeaus (Lamb 306)2020 : Thorough the swerdis dynt My honde Y haue j-tynte.
- c1600(?c1395) PPl.Creed (Trin-C R.3.15)537 : Haue y tynt all my tast touche and assaie!
b
- a1400 Cursor (Frf 14)23695 : Þe erþ..sal be filled wiþ.. flouris..& neuer-mare þe colour tine.
- a1425(a1400) PConsc.(Glb E.9 & Hrl 4196)697 : A flour þat semes..bright Thurgh stormes fades and tynes þe myght.
- c1450 NPass.(Add 31042)154/*200 : Neuir more the redis grewe Ne..tynte þaire grene hewe.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)12467 : Trees, thurgh tempestes, tynde hade þere leues.
c
- c1330(?a1300) Tristrem (Auch)2904 : His frende schip wil y fle; Our on schal tine swete.
- c1330(?c1300) Bevis (Auch)206/4386 : Treitour! now is þe lif itint.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)1365 : Þe..lordes he garte here liif tine.
- c1400(a1376) PPl.A(1) (Trin-C R.3.14)11.238 : Þat arn vncristene..may cristene an heþene, And for his lele beleue whanne he his lif tyneþ [vrr. tynytz, tynnit, tenyth], Haue eritage in heuene.
- a1425 KAlex.(LinI 150)3227 : He moste nedis his lif tyne.
- a1450(a1387) PPl.A(2) (RwlPoet 137)12.86 : We han letteres of lyf; he shal his lyf tyme [read: tyne].
- c1450(c1350) Alex.& D.(Bod 264)589 : God demeþ ȝou deie, ȝour daies to tine.
- a1500(?a1325) Otuel & R (Fil)2318 : He seye..hys body with speres thoruȝ bore, hys lyf in poynt to tyne.
- a1500(?a1475) Guy(4) (Cmb Ff.2.38)2864 : He smote there a sarazyn; Hys hedde he made hyt [read: hym] to tyne.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)7573 : He shold be done to þe dethe..To be hangit in hast, or his hede tyne.
- c1600(c1350) Alex.Maced.(Grv 60)30 : His term was tint or it tyme were.
2.
(a) To fail to maintain (a desirable attribute, condition, quality); be unable to retain (God's grace, a reputation, etc.); (b) to forfeit (an earthly or spiritual reward or condition); yield (sth.); (c) ~ of, ?to relinquish (a prerogative), forgo.
Associated quotations
a
- c1330(?a1300) Tristrem (Auch)1911 : Þou hast y tent þi pride.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)2299 : Þe sunne, hys feyrnes neuer he tynes.
- a1425(?a1350) 7 Sages(2) (Glb E.9)557 : I tine mi wit..And I lenger opon him se.
- c1440 HBk.GDei (Thrn)13/3 : Resceyue noghte grace in vayne..if þou..it tyne, þou sall neuer after þer-till wyne.
- a1450(?a1349) ?Rolle Luf es lyf (Cmb Dd.5.64)52 : Of lufe sal he na thyng tyne.
- a1450 PNoster R.Hermit (Westm-S 3)23/34 : He tyned þe name of goodnes.
- a1500(?a1425) Lambeth SSecr.(Lamb 501)93/28 : He tynys þe frendschipe of god.
b
- a1275 Louerd asse þu ard (Trin-C B.14.39)48 : Heo..het of þe frut, & adam..for hire loue dode [read: dede] so heo hine bisoute; þe was huore blisse al itint te noute.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)3518 : If ðu it gernes..Ðu tines vn-ended blisce.
- c1390 NHom.Narrat.(Vrn)17.273/27 : As wel may I go lyue in play..as tyne Mi Joye and aftur go to pyne.
- a1425 Ben.Rule(1) (Lnsd 378)4/27 : Bi-fore þe werld.. þai..fals-like liues and tines þaire mede.
- c1440(?c1350) Mirror St.Edm.(4) (Thrn)40/20 : If..thi herte thynke of wrechidnes..þou tynes þe mede of þi seruyce.
- c1450(c1350) Alex.& D.(Bod 264)36 : Þat we happili her haven of kynde May no man but God maken us tine.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)339/72 : That mawdleyn witnes beres that ihesus rose from ded; Alas..I my lord ihesu forsoke..A rightwys dome I will me loke that I tyne not that semely sight.
c
- a1425 NHom.(3) Leg.Suppl.Hrl.(Hrl 4196)18/99 : Þou of þi right wil noght tyne.
3.
(a) To lose track of (sb., an animal); also, mislay (sth.); also, lose (sight of sb.); (b) to be separated from (sb., an animal, the soul), esp. by estrangement or death; also, escape (sb.); ppl. tined, separated (from sb.).
Associated quotations
a
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)18769 : Quen þai þe sight of him had tint, Yeit þai be-heild wit-vten stint.
- a1425 Ben.Rule(1) (Lnsd 378)22/13 : On alle maner sal þabbes entirmete hir..at muster til hir sep, þat nan be tint.
- a1425 Ben.Rule(1) (Lnsd 378)31/36 : And sho trespasse, Tinis þingis ouþir brekis, yef sho misdo, o þis maner sal sho amende.
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)1917 : Sir Alidoyke..Emange þe Turkys was tynte and in tym fonden.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)101/39 : My shepe heue I tynde.
b
- c1330(?a1300) Tristrem (Auch)1914 : Wiþ þine harp þou wonne hir..Þou tint hir wiþ mi rote.
- c1330(?a1300) Tristrem (Auch)3315 : Y gete hir neuer mare, Ȝif y tine hir þis tide.
- a1400(c1300) NHom.(1) Gosp.(Phys-E)p.159 : Yef þe turtel tin hir mak, Neuer mar wil scho other thac.
- a1425(a1400) Titus & V.(Pep 2014)1186 : Jesu me reweþ..þat I schal þe so sone tyne.
- c1440(?a1400) Perceval (Thrn)911 : Theis children..For ferde or i solde þam tyne, Þerfore fledd i.
- c1440 HBk.GDei (Thrn)18/21 : Als fantome he fra hyme glyddys, & tynys hym for ay.
- a1475 *Sidrak & B.(Lnsd 793)10648 : Þe body haþ the sorwe..For þat it shal þe soule tyne.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)1208 : Þe Troiens were torne, tynte of þere folkes.
4.
(a) To suffer loss in battle, be defeated; (b) to be forced to withdraw from (a battle, the field of battle, gains made in battle); (c) ~ doun, ?to strike (sb., a horse) down.
Associated quotations
a
- a1450(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.1 (Lamb 131)1010 : Þe parties gonne assaille..atte þe laste þe Gregeys tynt.
- a1450(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.1 (Lamb 131)12516 : Foure haþ he agayns on of þyne..þu most tyne.
b
- ?a1425(?a1350) Castleford Chron.(Göt Hist 740)25274 : Lang was or þai of fight wald stint, Kyng cadwalon þe felde he stint [read: tint].
- a1450(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.1 (Lamb 131)7423 : Þer wenyng þat day þey tynt ffor þe Saxons did þem bakward stynt.
- c1475 Guy(4) (Cai 107/176)8806 : A grete bateyle there they tynte.
c
- a1500(?a1475) Guy(4) (Cmb Ff.2.38)6666 : Gye smote at hym a nodur dynte: Hys hors and hym downe he tynte.
5.
(a) To go to waste; (b) to waste (labor, time, etc.), spend unwisely; (c) to consume (food), use up.
Associated quotations
a
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)13511 : Quen þai had eten, þat drightin Bad þam late na crummes tin.
b
- c1330(?a1300) Tristrem (Auch)1717 : Mark had tint his swink.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)3015 : I wol ȝou reward..so þat..ȝour travail nouȝt shul ȝe tine.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)21623 : Þis cros..a licure þar-of ran..A wessel þat it war noght tint Sett vnder.
- c1400(?a1387) PPl.C (Hnt HM 137)6.93 : Ich haue tynt tyme and tyme mysspended.
- c1400(?a1387) PPl.C (Hnt HM 137)15.8 (1st occurrence) : Ich haue..counsailede þe..And no tyme to tene, ne trywe þyng to teenen.
- a1425(?c1350) Ywain (Glb E.9)2599 : In þat time nothing tint he, For his an strake was worth þaires thre.
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)1954 : Thow dosse bot tynnez þi tyme, and turmenttez þi pople.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)2683 : My trauaill I tint, for tuke I no gudes.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)91/196 : That word had thou to tyne, ffor..thou has done..Thise ill dedys.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)9775 : Þis trauell is tynt..Me to preve with your praier..to feld.
c
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)6085 : Þis lamb..Þai sal it ete..And if oght leue ar it be tint, Þai do it in þe fire be brint.
6.
(a) To perish, be destroyed; (b) to destroy (sb., a town, etc.); cause (sb., oneself, a soul, one's soul) to perish spiritually; damn (sb.); ~ to the pit of helle; ppl. tint as adj.: damned.
Associated quotations
a
- c1330(?c1300) Bevis (Auch)31/652 : Tiding com to king Ermyn Þat Beues hadde mad is men tyn.
- ?a1425(?a1350) Castleford Chron.(Göt Hist 740)26542 : Þou..hade stabliste in þi purpos Alle þe englisse folk to tine and los.
- c1440 Thrn.Med.Bk.(Thrn)34/33 : Tak henbayne sedis..& helle it in his mouthe & he sal not tyne.
- ?c1450 St.Cuth.(Eg 3309)7158 : Þe grete mynster..With a..fire was brynt, And mykil gude þar in tynt.
b
- c1390 Ilke a wys (Vrn)64 : Þou saue us þat we ben not his Þat wolde þat we weore tynt.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)812 : Þe find..said..þat heritage..i haf tint wit min vttrage.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)2911 : Tin þai þam wit-outen end þat wil noght þam in time mend.
- c1400 God þat al þis myhtes (Plim Addenda 3)3 : God..I haue ben tynt many a day, eerly & late haue y ben þi foo.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)907 : We schal tyne þis toun & trayþely disstrye.
- a1425 Ben.Rule(1) (Lnsd 378)22/27 : He..com in-til erþe at laite þe man þat was tint.
- c1440(?c1350) Mirror St.Edm.(4) (Thrn)34/14 : He..gaffe Hym selfe till vs þat tynte was for syn.
- a1450 Castle Persev.(Folg V.a.354)3197 : He schal hys sowle tyne To þe pytte of hell.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)2901 : Þis reuere..qua so tuke it..tint ware for euire.
- c1425(?c1400) Wycl.Apol.(Dub 245)43 : God schal tyne alle þoo þat spek lesyng.
- a1500(c1340) Rolle Psalter (UC 64)17.18 : Bot if ȝe lefe ȝoure syn..ȝe be tynt men.
- c1500 NPass.(Ashm 61)88/865 : Is tente [Cmb Ii: Hys wanhope, hys sowle schente, Wyth owten ende to peyne he wente].
7.
(a) To perish spiritually; (b) to permit (a soul) to perish spiritually; also, be excluded from (heaven) [last quot.].
Associated quotations
a
- c1425 Castle Love(2) (Eg 927)1062 : That ȝe did for my loue to the lest of myne, That same ȝe did to myself, theron sal ȝe noȝt tyne.
- a1450 PNoster R.Hermit (Westm-S 3)29/2 : Be þow no chinche of þi goodis þat God þee haþ lente..boldly myȝt þou þi good þus spende, siþ þou schalt not tyne.
b
- a1325(?c1300) NPass.(Cmb Gg.1.1)5 : Iesus..our soweles nold noth tine.
- a1500 Tundale (Adv 19.3.1)37 : Ther was no man lyued worse lyfe; Ȝet wolde not God hys sowle tyne.
- a1475 *Sidrak & B.(Lnsd 793)11974 : Of heuene þanne þe ordres nyne..neuere more shal heuen tyne.
8.
To take (joy from sb.); remove (sb. from torment).
Associated quotations
- a1425(a1400) PConsc.(Glb E.9 & Hrl 4196)1631 : When þair lyfe sall stynt, Þan sall all ioy be fra þam tynt.
- ?a1500 Lychefelde Comp.G.(Lamb 306)421 : In hell..when þou were pynyd..owte of thy teene for to be tenyd [Lamb 853: twynned], Mercy and love þe holpe.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
- a1500 Mantic Alph.(3) (AS 81)488 : R betokynis gude to tinne.
Note: Additional quot., ?sense 1a.(b).