Middle English Dictionary Entry
thrūgh n.
Entry Info
| Forms | thrūgh n. Also thrughe, thrught, throu(gh, throught, throuȝ, throuwe, throgh(e, throh, throwe, trou(ȝ, trowe, (N) trouh & thurgh, thurwhe, thorou, thoru & (early) þruge, þruh, thruthe, þruwe, þurch & (in place names) thru-, thro(g)-, tru(ch)-, trug-, truwe-, tro(g)-, drou-, thurg-, thorowe-; pl. thrughes, etc. & thurwis, (N) throuhwes, throihes, troghes & (error) prouȝes. |
| Etymology | OE þrūh, ðūrh, (infl.) þūrg-. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) A tomb above ground, mausoleum; the tomb of Jesus; also, a grave; (b) a coffin, esp. a coffin of stone, sarcophagus; also, a flat slab of stone laid upon a tomb, a flat gravestone; ~ ston; marble ~, a marble cover for a sarcophagus; (c) a type of hewn stone having two parallel smooth faces; (d) in place names [see Smith PNElem.2.217].
Associated quotations
a
- a1150(OE) Vsp.D.Hom.Nicod.(Vsp D.14)78/19 : Soð hit is þæt ic..hine on minen þruge geleigde, & ætforen þan scræfe mycelne stan ahwylfde.
- a1150(c1125) Vsp.D.Hom.Elucid.(Vsp D.14)144/20 : Æt þan feorðan siðe, he com to þan twam Marian, þær þær hi ȝecerden fram þan þruwe, swa swa Matheus us sæiȝð.
- a1225(c1200) Vices & V.(1) (Stw 34)15/23 : We beoð wiðuten al swa ðe deade manes þruh, þe is wiðuten ihtwited, and wið-inne stinkende and full of wermes.
- c1225(OE) Wor.Aelfric Gloss.(Wor F.174)551/42 : Mausoleum: þruh.
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)192/3 : He in a nearow cader, i-neilet o rode, i stanene þruh bicluset hete feste.
- a1275 Stod ho (Tan 169*)36 : Þi luue sone uprisinge was selli liik to his birdinge..of þi bodi born he was, and þurt þe hoale þurch he gload.
- a1300 I-hereþ nv one (Jes-O 29)511 : Ioseph..hyne leyde in one þruh of stone.
- a1325 SLeg.(Corp-C 145)116/215 : In is þrou seint Edward lay on & twenti ȝer.
- a1350 Earth(1) (Hrl 2253)1/3 : Erþe leyde erþe in erþene þroh, Þo heuede erþe of erþe erþe ynoh.
- c1350(a1333) Shoreham Poems (Add 17376)3/74 : Þe þridde day he aros aȝeyn Of þe þrouȝ þer men hine leyde.
- c1350 NPass.(Rwl C.655)147/1896 : Iosep..laide it [body of Jesus] in trowe.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)17390 : Þai badd be-for ham call þat gett þe thoru [Göt: graue], þe knightes all; 'Quat war þaa wimmen, wat yee, or queþen?'
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)17410 : Ioseph..in his thrugh [Göt: tumb] him [Jesus] laid.
- a1400 NVPsalter (Vsp D.7)87.5 : I am wened in ilka land To þas þat ere in flosche falland..Als wounded, slepand þat are In troghes.
- a1400 NVPsalter (Vsp D.7)87.12 : Wher ani in thrughes [vr. þroyhes] sal telle þi milthnes, Ore in tinsel þi sothnes?
- a1425 *Medulla (Stnh A.1.10)40a/b : Mausoleum: a graue or a þrouȝ [Hrl 1738: trow; Hrl 2257: throgh; Hrl 2270: trouh; StJ-C: thorow].
- a1425 NPass.(Cmb Gg.5.31)235/1973 : Ihesus þat in thrught þare lay, ffro ded he rase þe thyrd day.
- a1450-1509 Rich.(Brunner)2671 : Beffore þe trouȝ þer stood on, Al in blood he was begon.
- c1450 NPass.(Add 31042)224/1892 : Ioseph tuke þe body þare anone and bare it in tyll a thrughe of stone.
- (a1460) Bokenham Sts. (Adv Abbotsford B3)11.952 (v.1:p.131) : Thei .. buried hym hastely in a thurgh graven oute of a stoone.
- ?c1475 *Cath.Angl.(Add 15562)128a : Throghe [Monson: Thrughe]: Mausorium..grave..Cippus..Aluus..Aluiolus.
- a1500(c1400) St.Erk.(Hrl 2250)47 : A ferly faire toumbe..was a throghe of thykke ston thryuandly hewen.
b
- c1175(?OE) HRood (Bod 343)28/32 : Þa ferde heo to mid alle þam folce..& þone licamæ nedyngæ æt heom nam &..innon hire aȝene huse on stænene ðruh arwurðlice biburiȝen het.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Juliana (Bod 34)69/755 : Þer lette sophie..setten a chirche & duden hire bodi þrin in a stanene þruh.
- ?a1300 StJ.List Trees (StJ-C E.17)286/37 : Vn cerku: aythruthe [?read: a thruthe].
- c1300 SLeg.11000 Virg.(LdMisc 108)166 : Huy wenden forthþ to þulke stude þare heo was i-leid inne er And heuen up þe þrouwes lid, and founden hire ligge þer.
- c1300 SLeg.Jas.(LdMisc 108)138 : Þe ston bi-gan to wexe a-brod and holuȝ bi-cam..Ne scholde no man so euene as þrovȝ in lengþe and i brede To him ase þat ston bi-cam.
- a1325(c1280) SLeg.Pass.(Pep 2344)1594,1596 : Dede mennes þrowes [Hrl:C.Brown: þrouȝes] to-borste ek..O Ihesu, hard was þi deþ, whanne harde treos & stones To-borste..and þrowes [Hrl:C. Brown: prouȝes] of mannes bones.
- c1330(?a1300) Guy(2) (Auch)p.624 : Þay tok a þrouȝ of marbel ston, & leyd his bodi þer-in anon..þai hadde birid his bodi, anon.
- ?1316 SMChron.(Roy 12.C.12)747 : Ase me wolde him nymen up, Ant leggen in a throh [vrr. þrouwe, þrought] of ston, He founden him bothe fleys ant bon Al so hol.
- c1390(c1350) NHom.(2) PSanct.(Vrn)85/179 : On domus-day, Al vre þrouhwes þen schul ouerþrowe, vr kun schal comen out of þe clay.
- (c1400) Higd.(1) (Hrl 1900)535 : Ȝe mowe kepe my body ȝif hit is sewide in hertes lether, lay hit in a thorow of stoon and heleth hit with a lidde of lede, faste y-bounde and barrede with iren, and byndeth hit faste with thre iren cheynes.
- a1425(?c1375) NHom.(3) Leg.(Hrl 4196)16/384 : Nicholas..Enterd..was in toumbe of stone, And a marble-thrugh laid him opon.
- c1436 Ipswich Domesday(2) (Add 25011)189 : Off every pece of ston entayle or marble, as of thurwys [F sarcutz], coverclys, crossys, stonys, or funtys..ob.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)493 : Thurwhestone [KC: throwe or thorw ston], of a grave: Sarcofagus.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)4452 : Oþir werkis of wast is wroȝt in ȝoure landis..Thurghis to thrawyn in quen ȝe þraa worthe, Sum of siluir, sum of sipirs, sum of sere gemmes.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)349/281 : The cors that dyed on tre was berid in a stone, The thurgh beside fande we and in that graue cors was none.
- a1500 SLeg.Pass.(Vsp A.3)959/94 : Throgh stones in sunder brast, And ded bodyes gon rise.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)11820 : Than passid the pepull to the pure þrugh.
c
- (1420) in Salzman Building in Engl.104 : [Carriage of 6 stones called] thurghes [from the quarry of Bramham to York].
d
- (1190) EPNSoc.38 (Glo.)120 : Truham.
- (1200) EPNSoc.38 (Glo.)120 : Troham.
- (1236) EPNSoc.9 (Dev.)453 : Trowlegha.
- (1238) EPNSoc.9 (Dev.)453 : Truwelegh.
- (1255-90) EPNSoc.38 (Glo.)120 : Throham.
- (1263) EPNSoc.9 (Dev.)453 : Thrulegh.
- (1287) EPNSoc.38 (Glo.)120 : Trugham; Trogham; Truchham.
- (1313) EPNSoc.38 (Glo.)120 : Thurgham.
- (1335) EPNSoc.9 (Dev.)453 : Troulegh.
- (1377-99) EPNSoc.38 (Glo.)120 : Drowham.
- (1378) EPNSoc.38 (Glo.)120 : Throgham.
- (1448) EPNSoc.38 (Glo.)120 : Thoroweham.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
- (1419) Mem.Ripon in Sur.Soc.81146 : In sal. unius hominis elevantis unam petram vocatam a[nglic]e Truke in cimiterio, 2 1/2 d.
Note: New spelling: Also..truke/
Note: Belongs to sense (b).--per MLL