Middle English Dictionary Entry
throu n.(1)
Entry Info
Forms | throu n.(1) Also throwe, thro, thrau(e, thrawe, thral, threwe, trowe, trau, trawe, drowe, drawe, thorowe, tharu & (early) þroȝe, þraȝe, (Orm.) þraȝhe & (error) prowe. |
Etymology | OE þrāg, þrāh. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
Note: Cp. athroue adv.
1a.
A relatively short period of time, a while; in (a) ~, in (a) litel ~, in lite ~, in on ~, upon a ~, within a (litel) ~, in (within) a short space of time, in a little while, quickly.
Associated quotations
- c1300 SLeg.Mich.(LdMisc 108)652 : Heo [sea] flowez and ebbez and wexet In a þrowe, þat is þoruȝ kuynde of þe mone.
- (c1300) Havelok (LdMisc 108)276 : Soþlike, in a lite þrawe, Al engelonde of him stod [in] awe.
- c1330(?a1300) Arth.& M.(Auch)6713 : In on þrawe, Fiftene þousand þer were yslawe.
- c1330(?a1300) Arth.& M.(Auch)9681 : Ten..in litel þrawe þer he brouȝt o liue-dawe.
- c1330(?a1300) Guy(2) (Auch)p.436 : Ichim graunt in þat þrawe To bring hem out of bende.
- c1390(?c1350) Jos.Arim.(Vrn)6 : Me þinkeþ but þreo niȝt al þis ilke þrowe.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)1.3065 : Pride eschuie..the gloire is fals..thogh it mounte for a throwe, It schal doun falle.
- ?a1400(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.2 (Petyt 511)p.23 : Discomfite was Alfride within a litelle throwe.
- c1400(?a1300) KAlex.(LdMisc 622)3832 : Þere was quyk in litel þrawe Many gentil kniȝth yslawe.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)4.2553 : Now here, now þere—in a lytel þrowe..he gan aboute hym leyn.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)3867 : She gan to speke withynne a throwe.
- c1425(c1400) Ld.Troy (LdMisc 595)15609 : Thei scholde wynne hit In a throwe.
- c1440(?a1400) Perceval (Thrn)1049 : Now hase Percyuell in throo, Spoken with his emes twoo.
- a1450 7 Sages(3) (Cmb Dd.1.17)2794 : Hym thout withine a prowe [read: þrowe]..he couth hir knowe.
- ?a1450 MLChrist (Add 39996)2092 : Þou schalt..forsake me..þries in a þrowe, Er þat þe cokke þries crowe.
- a1500(?a1325) Otuel & R (Fil)1072 : Ther schulle a þousand..of hem haue here enþyng with-Inne a lytel þrawe.
- c1450(?a1400) Chestre Launfal (Clg A.2)609 : Syr Launfal brayde out hys fachon, And as lyȝt as dew he leyde hem doune, In a lytyll drawe.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)216/380 : Peter, thou shall thryse apon a thraw fforsake me, or the cok craw.
- a1475 *Sidrak & B.(Lnsd 793)8070 : Þe flour vpon a tree, If a winde þeron do blowe..falleþ lightly on a þrowe.
1b.
In adverbial usage: (a) a (on) ~, for a short time, for a while [some exx. may be construed as athroue adv.]; (b) a) litel ~, som ~, for a little while; a lite ~, in a little while, soon; (c) god ~, a) gret ~, a) long ~, etc., for a long space of time; (d) ani ~, for any length of time, at all; no ~, for no length of time, not at all; no longer ~, for no greater length of time, no more; (e) al this ~, during this period of time; that ~, for that particular space of time.
Associated quotations
a
- c1275(?c1250) Owl & N.(Clg A.9)1455 : Ich singe mid heom one þroȝe.
- a1325(?c1300) NPass.(Cmb Gg.1.1)58 : He þoth bileue þer a throwe.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)3.1637 : Betre is to soffre a throwe Than be to wilde and overthrowe.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Cl.(Manly-Rickert)E.450 : Whan that this child had souked but a throwe, This markys..longeth so To tempte his wyf.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)757 : Quen he was fra his wijf a tharu [Göt: trawe], Þe nedder nerhand hir gun draw.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)22431 : If yee o þaim will list a thrau [Göt: trau] I sal yow tell o þaim soth-sau.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)2219 : He rusched on þat rurde rapely a þrowe.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.4261 : Þei gan her goddis herie..No þing aduerting þe turnyng of þe whele Of hir þat lastiþ stable but a throwe.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)2.687 : Lat us stynte of Troilus a throwe [vr. trowe].
- a1450 Yk.Pl.(Add 35290)137/309 : I rede we rest a thrawe.
- c1450 Mandev.(4) (CovCRO Acc.325/1)2256 : Yif ye wille abide a throwe, I shal telle alle howe it doth growe.
- c1450 Mannyng HS (Yale Osborn a.2)12235 : Thorowe [Hrl: Þys ermyte..preyd hym a stounde to dwelle].
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)10/30 : Yit, shrew, yit, pull on a thraw!
- a1500 And a woman (RwlPoet 34)20 : Be styl, clerk..And let gabbyng a throwe!
b
- c1275(?c1250) Owl & N.(Clg A.9)478 : Ech god man his frond icnowe An blisse mid hom sume þrowe [Jes-O: þrou].
- a1300 Þo ihu crist (Jes-O 29)35 : Þe þat þu nuþe hauest and heuedest summe þrowe, He is an oþer wyues were more þan þin owe.
- c1300(?c1225) Horn (Cmb Gg.4.27)21/336 : Liþe me a litel þroȝe.
- 1372 ME Verse in Grimestone PB (Adv 18.7.21)p.31 : Lust..lestet but litel þrowe.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Sum.(Manly-Rickert)D.1815 : I wol with Thomas speke a litel throwe.
- a1400 Cursor (Göt Theol 107)p.387 head. : Listens nou a litel thraue.
- a1425(?c1350) Ywain (Glb E.9)2361 : Syr, dwells a litel thraw For luf of Gawayn þat ȝe knaw.
- a1450(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.1 (Lamb 131)12528 : He leyde in his harneys..To rest hem þere a litel þrawe.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)325/1577 : Now jentyl serys, I pray ȝow All, A-byde stylle a lytyl thrall.
- a1500(?a1325) Otuel & R (Fil)598 : To me thou vndyrstonde nowe a lyte throwe, thou schalt be weddyd to thys knyȝt.
- c1500(?a1437) ?Jas.I KQ (SeldArch B.24)st.45 : I a lytill thrawe had maid my moone.
c
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)3475 : Wass mikell weȝȝe till þatt land..& forrþi wass hemm ned to don God þraȝhe to þatt weȝȝe.
- c1330(?a1300) Arth.& M.(Auch)6976 : Þe bet ferd gret þrawe.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)679 : After he was awaked a ful long þrowe, he wende ful witerly sche were in is armes.
- c1400 St.Anne(1) (Min-U Z.822.N.81)3087 : With anne..Dwelled mary..In naȝareth a gret thraw.
- ?a1425(?a1350) Castleford Chron.in EStudies 22 (Göt Hist 740)p.50 : Þe speche I haf of þar langage Als noriste amanges þar linage, Noriste amanges þam lang thrau.
- a1450(1412) Hoccl.RP (Hrl 4866)444 : A man schal stody, and musen a long throw Whiche is whiche.
- a1450 Castle Persev.(Folg V.a.354)421 : I may Make mery a ful gret throwe.
- a1475 *Sidrak & B.(Lnsd 793)3737 : An eerne lyueþ lengest þrowe Of alle þe beestis þat I knowe.
- 1532-1897(c1385) Usk TL (Thynne:Skeat)59/63 : In hem hath ben, a gret throw, mannes trust of selinesse in love.
d
- c1300 SLeg.Edm.Abp.(Hrl 2277)295 : Þe deuel nemiȝte þo bileue vpe him none þrowe.
- c1330 KTars (Auch)39/271 : For þi y wil suffre no lenger þrawe Þat cristen folk be for me slawe.
- (c1375) Chaucer CT.Mk.(Manly-Rickert)B.3326 : Who may truste on fortune any throwe?
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)4.6231 : In worldly blis is noon affiaunce, So diuers is his vnhappi chaunce..And selde in oon abidinge eny þrowe.
- a1450(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.1 (Lamb 131)12495 : No þrowe wolde he [Arthur] þare lye, But passed sone al Normandie.
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Merlin (Corp-C 80)1295 : Whiles that thou lyvest here ony threwe..mo Skiles j schal the Schewe.
- c1450(c1375) Chaucer Anel.(Benson-Robinson)93 : When he was absent any throwe..her thoghte her herte brast a-two.
e
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Merlin (Corp-C 80)1250 : Ȝe ful wel knowe the lyveng of my modir al this throwe.
- c1450 PPl.B (RwlPoet 38)18.76 : Throwe [Ld: Kynde forȝaf þat tyme Þat non harlot were so hardy to leyne hande vppon hym].
2.
(a) A moment in time, an instant; in (on, upon) a ~, in litel ~, within a ~, in (within) a moment, instantly; in that ~, at that same moment; on on onlepi ~, in a single moment; (b) in adverbial usage: a (on, onlepi) ~, for a moment, briefly; that (this) ~, at that (this) instant, with no delay, at once.
Associated quotations
a
- a1225(?OE) Lamb.Hom.(Lamb 487)33 : Þeos weorld..aȝeð on ane alpi þraȝe.
- ?c1335 Þe king of heuen (Hrl 913)p.120 : Þis wrecche lif nis bot a þrow.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)7313 : He deide in an þrowe.
- c1330(?c1300) Amis (Auch)1901 : Serued þai were opon a þrowe.
- c1330(?c1300) Bevis (Auch)90/1777 : Þe dede kors in þat þrowe Fel out ouer þe sadel bowe.
- ?a1350 Guy(3) (Wales 572)275 : In a thrawe My gret dul I sal hir shawe.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)2.917 : The hihe makere of nature Hire hath visited in a throwe.
- a1400 Cursor (Trin-C R.3.8)792 : Þei eet hit boþe in litil þrawe.
- a1425(c1300) Assump.Virg.(1) (Add 10036)125/533 : He wille on his last þrowe Schryue him.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)1771 : Loue hadde gete hym, in a throwe, Another arowe into his bowe.
- c1430(c1386) Chaucer LGW (Benson-Robinson)1286 : This Eneas..Is wery of his craft withinne a throwe.
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Grail (Corp-C 80)14.711 : This Eualach with-Inne A throwe With An horn he gan to blowe.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)3843 : And þai all bare..Þan thringis in on a throw thretty & seuyn.
- c1475-c1500 Looke well (Skeat)37 : The light..that passeth in a throw.
- a1475 *Sidrak & B.(Lnsd 793)9218 : Þan shal þis world lowe Sinke in-to helle in a þrowe.
b
- a1225(?OE) Lamb.Hom.(Lamb 487)35 : Me were leofere þenne al world..an alpi þraȝe summe lisse and summe leðe.
- ?a1300 Sayings St.Bede (Dgb 86)209 : Nowþer mey, ne mowe..doren a [vr. one] þrowe Bi hem sitten.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)462 : Þanne þouȝt che þat þrowe in þis selve wise.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)prol.566 : Ther lasteth nothing but a throwe.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.7021 : Þe rage of folis..last but a þrowe.
- a1450 Castle Persev.(Folg V.a.354)1236 : Con [read: Com] up þis þrowe.
- c1450(a1400) Libeaus (Clg A.2)1005 : Þe dwerke seyde þat drowe [Lamb: in a thorowe], 'For-to telle soþ my tale, [etc.].'
- c1450(a1400) Libeaus (Clg A.2)1048 : He seyde to hem þat þrowe, 'Syr, þat rach was myn owe.'
3.
(a) An occasion, a circumstance, an occurrence; bi ani ~, under any circumstance, at any time; in a ~, umbe ~, on occasion, at times; in that (this) ~, on that (this) occasion, in that (this) case; (b) in adverbial usage: everi ~, on each occasion, every time; hou) mani a ~, how) often, on (how) many occasions; on ~, one time; som ~, on occasion, sometimes; that (this) ~, at that (this) time; that ilke ~, the same ~, on the same occasion, at the same time.
Associated quotations
a
- c1300 SLeg.Fran.(1) (LdMisc 108)116 : In a þrowe From dore to dore he bad is mete.
- a1350 Middelerd for mon (Hrl 2253)72 : Fon vs fallen vmbe þrowe.
- c1330(?a1300) Arth.& M.(Auch)7124 : A kniȝt..bad him wende anon riȝt Toward Camalot..and so he dede in þat þrawe.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)5.2652 : Upon a throwe This lord fell into gret seknesse.
- c1400 St.Anne(1) (Min-U Z.822.N.81)1428 : Þis was a sory thrawe.
- c1425(c1400) Ld.Troy (LdMisc 595)17727 : He sayde also, 'In that throwe..I rede that Eueas with me wende.'
- a1450(a1400) Titus & V.(Add 36523)1940 : But nowe I wot, þat I him knowe, Wel I holde bysott þis throwe.
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Merlin (Corp-C 80)9949 : Ȝoure Ryng to taken me jn this threwe, To ȝoure cosin le-ownces that j myhte it schewe, [etc.].
- a1475 *Sidrak & B.(Lnsd 793)1101 : May a man oght by any þrowe [Trin-C: vmbithrowe] Þe good men fro þe wikked knowe?
b
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)322 : He tæh hine aȝein ane þrowe.
- c1330(?a1300) Arth.& M.(Auch)2669 : Biȝeten it was þat ich þrawe Þat mi lord was yslawe.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)622 : Me þinkes everich þrowe þat barn is þat oþer.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)6.1027 : This riche man the same throwe With soudein deth was overthrowe.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.CY.(Manly-Rickert)G.941 : The mullok..was..in a syve ythrowe And sifted and ypiked many a throwe.
- (c1422) Hoccl.Dial.(Dur-U Cosin V.3.9)649 : Many a throwe Smertith the fool for lak of good auys.
- ?a1430 ?Hoccl.Poems PS Compl.Virg.(Hnt HM 111)73 : Thynke how many a throwe Thow in myn armes lay.
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Merlin (Corp-C 80)112 : This ilke schrewe jnto erthe scholde gon anon that threwe.
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Merlin (Corp-C 80)11856 : The kynrede of kyng Augwys this throwe jnto oure londes entred they ben.
- a1450 Castle Persev.(Folg V.a.354)1474 : I haue synnyd many a þrowe.
- a1475 *Sidrak & B.(Lnsd 793)3462 : Sacrifice þei make to hem somme þrowe.
- a1475 *Sidrak & B.(Lnsd 793)10163 : Dremes..of þe deuel..come some þrowe.
4.
A turn; bi throues, by turns, alternately; in (on) a ~, in turn, consecutively.
Associated quotations
- c1275(?c1250) Owl & N.(Clg A.9)260 : Lat me nu habbe mine þroȝe.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)1.410 : Be throwes ech of hem it hadde.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)1476 : Thre dais on a throwe be threpild to-gedire.
- c1450(a1425) MOTest.(SeldSup 52)18038 : Ylkon thrett hym in þer thraw.
- a1500 Wars Alex.(Dub 213)2046 : Þus iij dayes in a thraw þai threpyd euerelike.