Middle English Dictionary Entry
bihọ̄ven v.
Entry Info
Forms | bihọ̄ven v. Forms: sg. 3 bihọ̄veth, -họ̄feð, biọ̄ueð, (rare) bihẹ̄veð; p. bihọ̄vede, -họ̄fede, -họ̄de. Northern (& NM): pr. bọ̄s(e, būs(e; p. bọ̄d(e, būd(e, (rare) būst(e. |
Etymology | OE sg. 3 behōfaþ, -hōfode; cp. OE behēfe adj. 'useful, necessary'. Northern bọ̄s, bọ̄de, etc., are derived from bihọ̄ves, bihọ̄vede in phrases such as me bos (bod) télle 'I must (had to) tell'. N p. būst(e was formed on pr. būs, which was taken as an uninflected sg. 3, like can, mai. The 'impersonal' constructions (it) bihoveth, me bihoveth, etc., predominate in ME; however, nouns & pronouns function as subjects from OE onward, and increasingly so in later ME. Hence, after the loss of -e in the dative sg., a noun may be taken as subj. or obj. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1a.
Of things: to be needed, required, requisite, or necessary; -- (a) alone or with inf. phrase; (b) with personal obj. (dat.) or to phrase; hem bihoveth water, they need water; lothe childe bihoveth lore, a bad child needs training; etc.; (c) with to or upon phrase.
Associated quotations
a
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)657 : I þon castle weoren monie men, & muchel mete þer bihofede.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)945 : Alle þa..scipen..& alle þat bi-houeð [Otho: bi-houeþ] þa scipen to driuen.
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Merlin (Corp-C 80)21529 : Hit behoueth bothe tyme & leysere, To techen ȝow þe lest pley.
- c1450 Dc.Prov.(Dc 52)p.52 : Lytyll may helpe, þere myche be-houeth.
b
- 1131 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.1131 : Nu hem behofeð Cristes helpe.
- a1225 Lamb.Hom.Pater N.(Lamb 487)63/153 : Swa bi-houeð þe saule fode.
- a1225 Lamb.Hom.Pater N.(Lamb 487)65/170 : He us ȝeue..þet us bihoueð ulche dei.
- c1225(?c1200) HMaid.(Bod 34)24/376 : Me bihoueð [vr. biheoueð] his help.
- c1225(?c1200) HMaid.(Bod 34)32/529 : H was help þe bihoueð, ne beo hit neauer se uncumelich [etc.].
- c1230(?a1200) *Ancr.(Corp-C 402)107a : Child þet hefde swuch uuel, þet him bihofde [Nero: bihouede; L oporteret eum] beað of blod.
- ?a1300(c1250) Prov.Hend.(Dgb 86)st.4 : Lef child bihoveþ lore, And evere þe levere þe more.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)16 : What behoued to þe barn.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)2509 : Neuer he ne fayleþ, þat he ne bringeþ..þat to vs bi-houes.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)3.237 : Þe oost dryed vp þe ryueres, for hem byhoued so moche water.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)7.1711 : To every man behoveth lore, Bot to noman belongeth more Than to a king.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)5.38 : Þe leuere childe, þe more lore bihoueth.
- a1425 Ben.Rule(1) (Lnsd 378)28/27 : Yef þam by-houid mare, ouþir for trauaile ouþir for hete.
- c1425(c1400) Ld.Troy (LdMisc 595)312 : Ȝe wil me fynde That nedeful is..A strong schippe, and vitayles good, And other thynges that me by-hood.
- a1450-1509 Rich.(Brunner)2262 : Yet the behoueth my counsayle.
- c1450 Dc.Prov.(Dc 52)p.53 : Lefe chylde lore be-houeth.
c
- a1121 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.656 : Land & ahte, & all þet þær to behofeð.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)2349 : Horse & alle harneys þat be-houes to werre.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mel.(Manly-Rickert)B.2415 : Vp on thynges that newely bitideth bihoueth newe conseil.
1b.
Of things: to be requisite, required, or necessary (as by destiny, convention, social status, doctrine, morals, reasoning, or a specific task); be appropriate, fitting, suitable, proper, or due; also, belong properly (to sth.) [constr. (c)]; -- (a) alone, or with inf. phrase; (b) with personal obj. (dat.); wisdom behoves the, you must be wise; deth the ~, you must die; etc; (c) with to phrase.
Associated quotations
a
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)1.67 : Ouþer vnderstondynge bihoueþ of þe ryueres of Paradys, þan auctours writeþ.
- a1425(?a1350) Nicod.(1) (Glb E.9)456 : His dedes sall euermore last, and þaires bud [vr. bot] nedely dy.
- a1425(?c1375) NHom.(3) Dom.III Adv.f.iv (Hrl 4196)292 : All thinges..bus buwe..vnto goddes will.
- ?a1425 Mandev.(2) (Eg 1982)122/9 : Þat place..bose be halowed, or elles dare na man entre in to it.
- c1440 PLAlex.(Thrn)32/10 : Beez noȝte angry to me..for all þis buse be fulfilled.
- c1450(a1425) MOTest.(SeldSup 52)6 : The grace of the holy gast, In whom all gudnes behoues to be gyn.
- c1450(a1425) MOTest.(SeldSup 52)1143 : The trewth bus heyr be told.
- c1450(a1425) MOTest M.7 Boys (SeldSup 52)st.26 : What so þe lyst..þat bus be done euer-ylk day.
- ?c1450 St.Cuth.(Eg 3309)1150 : Þe happe bude fall on cuthbert cutte.
b
- a1225(OE) Lamb.Hom.VA (Lamb 487)109 : Þan alden bihouað duȝende þewas.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)3276 : Me vnder-feng þene king mid mochele feirnusse..mid al þet him bi-heovede.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)1209 : He yald him [God] al þat him be-houed.
- a1425 Ordin.Nuns(1) (Lnsd 378)142/5 : At þe begining of þis spiritual life, thre thyngis þar ar þat þe behuvis: to forsake þine awne propir will [etc.].
- ?a1425(c1390) Chaucer Truth (Benson-Robinson)5 : Savour no more than thee bihove shal.
- c1450 Dc.Prov.(Dc 52)p.56 : The better that thi state be, The better wysdom be-houys the.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)878/27 : Thys shelde behovith unto no man but unto sir Galahad.
- 1607(?a1425) Chester Pl.(Hrl 2124)25/122 : What tyme thou eats of this tree, death thee behoves.
c
- a1225(c1200) Vices & V.(1) (Stw 34)39/25 : Al swo behoueþ to charite..michel embeþanc of þohtes..and of werkes.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pars.(Manly-Rickert)I.83 : Whiche thynges apertenen and bihouen to penitence and whiche thynges destourben penitence.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)8.356 : Thi will is good ynowh; Bot mor behoveth to the plowh, Wherof the lacketh.
1c.
Of persons: (a) to need; have need (of sth.); (b) to be constrained, compelled, or obliged (to do sth.); men bihove to wrestil, people must or ought to struggle; bihoveth to have, should have by right.
Associated quotations
a
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)82/26 : Ne he nanes þinges ne bihofæð.
- a1400(?c1300) LFMass Bk.(Roy 17.B.17)174 : Clerkes heren on a manere, bot lewed men bos [vr. be-howus] anoþer lere.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)5168 : Mykyll is the mete so mony bus haue.
- c1450 Alph.Tales (Add 25719)139/2 : We er flesshlie men & bus nedelyngis eatt.
- a1500(1413) *Pilgr.Soul (Eg 615)1.15.12b : I that am pore and gretly behove, Of helpe I pray you.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)53/48 : If thou gif me mete..as I behoued [rime: foode].
b
- ?a1425(?c1350) NHom.(3) Pass.(RwlPoet 175)77 : A man bus vn-to ded be broght, So þat all folk perysch noght.
- ?a1425(?c1350) NHom.(3) Pass.(RwlPoet 175)1566 : He thoght..þat he to þe Iewes bud say som-what.
- c1390 I wolde witen (Vrn)51 : Alle o deþ hos [read: bos] boþe drye.
- c1400(?c1380) Pearl (Nero A.10)323 : Þurȝ drwry deth boz vch ma [read: man] dreue, Er ouer þys dam hym Dryȝtyn deme.
- c1400 St.Anne(1) (Min-U Z.822.N.81)1174 : With Iosep frendes bus ihesus fare.
- c1400 St.Anne(1) (Min-U Z.822.N.81)2861 : Scho spake & sayd þe way þat þai bud take, To seke ihesus.
- a1425 Ben.Rule(1) (Lnsd 378)43/25 : Thayre awne saules bus nedly be in perel in þat dissensione.
- a1425 NHom.(3) Leg.Suppl.Hrl.(Hrl 4196)47/130 : My saul bus be clensid right so.
- ?a1425(?a1350) Castleford Chron.(Göt Hist 740)19989 : He behofed lefe ostes thrin To hald þe gret cite within.
- (1432) Will York in Sur.Soc.3021 : Unto William Revetor, preest, for hys gude labor yat he has done and bus do aboute me.
- a1450 Yk.Pl.(Add 35290)391/338 : Bellamy, þou bus be smytte.
- c1450(?a1400) Quatref.Love (Add 31042)446 : Barounes and all bus habyde.
- ?c1450 St.Cuth.(Eg 3309)274 : Þe damysele, nyne moneths past, Both be lyuerd..A faire knaue childe scho bare.
- (1451-2) *Plea & Mem.R.Lond.GildhA.77.m.9v : The said Geffrey behoveth for to have lasse.
- c1425(?c1400) Wycl.Apol.(Dub 245)99 : Aȝen þeis þingis bihoue men to wrestil in þo maner.
- a1500(?c1450) Merlin (Cmb Ff.3.11)661 : He be-houed to lete Bedyuer ly stille.
2a.
(it) bihoveth, etc.: (a) it is necessary or inescapable (with respect to circumstances, destiny, logic, etc.); it bihoveth nedes (nedfulli, nedli, bi necessite), etc.; it bihoveth to be, it must be; etc.; (b) it is requisite or proper (with respect to custom, morals, duty, doctrine, etc.).
Associated quotations
a
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)1815 : Better be-houis it to be, or baleful were þi happes.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mel.(Manly-Rickert)B.2360 : Som tyme bihoueth it to be conseiled by manye.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mel.(Manly-Rickert)B.2725 : It bihoueth that a man putte swich attemperance in his defense, that [etc.].
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)1221 : Þe sister giuen was to þe broþer..Sua wald drightin, and behoued nede To do þair kin al for to sprede.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)4.1004-7 : For nedfully byhoveth it nat to bee, That thilke thynges fallen in certayn That ben purveyed; but nedly..Byhoveth it, that thynges whiche that falle..ben purveyed alle.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)5.pr.3.86 : Natheles byhoveth it by necessite that eyther the thinges to comen ben ipurveied of God, or elles [etc.].
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)5.pr.6.200 : It byhovith by necessite that alle men ben mortal.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)5.pr.6.253 : It byhovide by necessite that it was idoon.
- ?c1425 *Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)33a/b : Þe whiche it byhoueþ [L oportet] to declyne to hete and to dryenesse.
- c1440 PLAlex.(Thrn)84/4 : It byhoues nedis be, þat..many tourmentez ȝe suffere.
- (1442) Doc.Ireland in RS 69273 : It behovethe that he..be a mighti..and laborous man.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)2309 : Tene ȝow noȝt, for treuly þus tide bose [vr. bus] it nede.
- ?c1475 *Cath.Angl.(Add 15562)68a : It behoves: oportet, restat.
b
- c1225(?c1200) SWard (Bod 34)4/29 : Ah ne bihoueð [Tit: biheueð] hit nawt, þet tis hus beo irobbet.
- a1250 Wooing Lord (Tit D.18)275 : Þre fan fihten aȝaines me..& bihoues, þurh þi grace ȝapliche to wite me.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)203 : Hit behoueþ þet he him loki uram zuyche wordes.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pars.(Manly-Rickert)I.634 : Seint Paul seith: 'O ye wommen, be ye subgetes to youre housbondes, as bihoueth in god.'
- a1400 Rolle Encom.Jesu (Hrl 1022)190 : Þo name of Ihesu es helpful, & nedus behoues be lufed of alle.
- a1400 Cursor (Vsp A.3)986/61*, 68* : Þus þen bode it nede be..For-þi þat day, bi reson, bode man agayn be boght.
- a1425(?a1350) Nicod.(1) (Glb E.9)48/398 : So bus be done alwise.
- (1434) Misyn ML (Corp-O 236)107/3 : & ȝit it bus be brokynne & despisyd.
- a1450(1408) *Vegetius(1) (Dc 291)11a : Wiþ grete diligence..hit byhoued [vr. bihoueth] to chese couenable ȝong men to kniȝthode.
- ?c1475 *Cath.Angl.(Add 15562)11b : To Behove: oportet, conuenit.
2b.
him (etc.) bihoveth: (a) with respect to circumstances or destiny: he is constrained or compelled (to do sth., suffer, etc.); him (etc.) bihoveth nede (nedes, of force), he must of necessity (do sth., etc.); her bihoveth dien, she must die; (b) with respect to custom, morals, doctrine, office, etc.: it is incumbent upon him (to do sth., etc.); it is his duty or his business; it is proper or fitting for him; him (etc.) bihoveth knele doun, he must kneel down; them bud nede, they had to; etc.
Associated quotations
a
- 1131 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.1131 : Nu him be hofed þæt he crape in his mycele codde in ælc hyrne.
- c1330(?c1300) Amis (Auch)1808 : Ous bihoueþ selle our asse oway.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)2721 : Sayle hem bihoued holliche al a niȝt.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mel.(Manly-Rickert)B.2406 : Lest that the charge oppresse thee so soore, that thee bihoueth to weyue thyng that thow hast bigonne.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Rv.(Manly-Rickert)A.4027 : Hym bihoues [vrr. boes, bus, bud] serue hym self that has na swayn.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)3.640 : A man, to beie him pes, Behoveth soffre, as Socrates Ensample lefte.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Fkl.(Manly-Rickert)F.1359 : Deeth or dishonour; Oon of thise two bihoueth me to chese.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)5512 : Lok..we þan o drei, Her vs be-houes to be slei.
- a1400 Cursor (Göt Theol 107)6911 : Of þis mater ȝit bos [Vsp: be-houis me; Trin-C: mot I] me ses.
- a1400 Cursor (Vsp A.3)990/377* : Crist nede be-hode suffer..for his.
- c1400(?c1380) Patience (Nero A.10)46 : Suffer me byhoues.
- c1400(?c1380) Pearl (Nero A.10)928 : A gret cete, for ȝe arn fele, Yow by-hod haue.
- c1400 SLeg.Geo.(2) (Min-U Z.822.N.81)24 : Of þe folke bud þam nede vnto þis dragone send..ylke a day one.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.6314 : Hem behoveth hom ageyn resorte Of verray nede and necessite.
- a1425(c1300) NHom.(1) Abp.& N.(Ashm 42)p.80 : Allgate buse me with hir playe, Or elles..Dede mon I be.
- a1425(c1333-52) Minot Poems (Glb E.9)16/52 : Fer might þai noght fle, bot þare bud þam bide.
- a1425(c1333-52) Minot Poems (Glb E.9)31/28 : Schent war þo schrewes..nedes bud þam knele.
- a1425(?a1350) Nicod.(1) (Glb E.9)309 : Þan bus him dy [vrr. hym byhoues dye, he mon dye], I se wele by ȝowre saws.
- a1425(?c1350) Ywain (Glb E.9)1184 : Me bus nedely have a lord, My landes forto..ȝewe.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)2.pr.1.121 : It byhoveth the to ben obeisaunt to the maneris of thi lady [i.e. Fortune].
- ?a1425 Mandev.(2) (Eg 1982)29/26 : Men behoues [Tit: He moste] passe thurgh þe desertes.
- c1425(c1400) Ld.Troy (LdMisc 595)7896 : The[i] leue ffyghtyng, as hem be-hode [rime: gode].
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)1715 : Fayfully, of force, feghte us byhowys.
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)2576 : Vs bus haue a blode-bande.
- c1440 When adam delf (Thrn)38 : When bemes sall blawe..To rekkenynge buse vs ryse.
- a1450(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.1 (Lamb 131)4442 : Myghte þey neuere haue medecyne, Bot to þe deþ by-houed hem pyne.
- a1450(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.1 (Lamb 131)13009 : Quik or ded, vs bos [vr. bus] hym haue.
- a1450 Yk.Pl.(Add 35290)113/36 : Þan behoves vs bide here..al þis nyght.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)13549 : Me bus..my bred for to thigge.
- c1450(?a1400) Siege Milan (Add 31042)44 : Hym buse it [þe cyte] ȝelde Or laye his lyfe in wede.
- c1450(?a1400) Quatref.Love (Add 31042)379 : In buse vs glyde.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)3298 : For die þe bose, quen all is done.
- c1450(a1425) MOTest.(SeldSup 52)374 : Noe persauyd by knawyng clere, That day was comyn that hym bod dy.
- c1450 *Bonav.Medit.(4) (MSU 1)74 : In þies days..of wedowhede, hyre bust [L oportebit] be restede undur anoþer mans rofe.
- ?c1450 St.Cuth.(Eg 3309)5179 : Þaim bude nede þe ebbe abyde, Or þai to Eland ȝode.
- a1500(?c1400) Gowther (Adv 19.3.1)293 : Þis [sword] bous me nedus with mee beyr.
- 1532(?a1400) RRose (Thynne)1479 : She him tolde That, if he her loven nolde, That he behoved nedes dye.
b
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)16706 : All swa bihofeþþ..Þe manness Sune onn erþe To wurrþenn hofenn upp.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)25398 : Feouwer hundred þusende cnihtes..mid wepnen and mid horsen swa bihoueð [Otho: bi-oueþ] to cnihten.
- a1225(c1200) Vices & V.(1) (Stw 34)39/13 : Ðanne behoueð ðe ðat ðu bie wel warr þat tu luuiȝe ðine nexte.
- a1225 Lamb.Hom.Creed (Lamb 487)75 : He nis nawiht alse leful alse him bi-houede.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Juliana (Bod 34)43/472 : Se feole ich habbe ifulet of þeo þe neren iblescet nawt se wel as ham bihofde [vr. bihouede].
- a1275(?c1150) Prov.Alf.(Trin-C B.14.39)83 : Þe cnith bi-ouit [vr. bi-houeþ], kenliche to cnouen forto weriin þe lon[d].
- a1300 Bestiary (Arun 292)252 : Ðanne we ðus brennen, bihoueð us to rennen to cristes quike welle.
- a1325(c1280) SLeg.Pass.(Pep 2344)650 : Þanne byhouede þe ȝeolde my katel þat is myn owe.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)128 : Alhuet him behouede to loki zuyn.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)729 : Mi hauteyn hert bi-houes me to chast.
- ?a1425(?c1350) NHom.(3) Pass.(RwlPoet 175)1875 : To do þi will I am redy, Bot yhe bus teche to me þe way.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)7.141 : It behoved hem þat were i-comen be punsched.
- c1390 Fadur and sone (Vrn)64 : Help me, lady..Me bi-houeþ þou beo my counseilour.
- c1390 Ihesu þi swetnes (Vrn)49 : Afftur his loue bihoueþ me longe.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)7.2025 : A king behoveth ek to fle The vice of Prodegalite.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)1665 : A schippe be-houes þe to dight.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)8.34 : So hym bihoueth.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)687 : Me bos telle to þat tolk þe tene of my wylle.
- a1425(?a1350) 7 Sages(2) (Glb E.9)1146 : Madame..What has getin þis child of þe? On al manere wit bus me.
- a1425(?c1350) Ywain (Glb E.9)1087 : Nedes bus ȝow have sum nobil knyght.
- a1425(a1400) PConsc.(Glb E.9 & Hrl 4196)148 : Hym byhoves knaw him-self with-inne, Elles may he haf na knawing to come In-til þe..way of wysdome.
- a1425(a1400) PConsc.(Glb E.9 & Hrl 4196)2628 : Ar þai com to blis, payne byhoves have In purgatori.
- a1425(?a1400) Cloud (Hrl 674)61/2 : Him behouiþ streyne up his spirite in þis werk goostly.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)1792 : But it bihovede nedes me, To don right as myn herte bad.
- a1425 Ben.Rule(1) (Lnsd 378)4/20 : Kenning bi-hus þam haue for to feȝte..a-gain þe deuil.
- a1425 Ben.Rule(1) (Lnsd 378)9/27 : [M]eke bi-houis yu be for þe luue of god.
- ?a1425 Mandev.(2) (Eg 1982)20/23 : Him behoues knele doune and kisse þe erthe.
- ?c1425 *Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)43a/b : Hym byhoueþ to vse noght narcotyke..medecynes.
- c1440(a1350) Isumb.(Thrn)47 : Werldes wele the bus for-goo.
- a1450(?1348) Rolle FLiving (Cmb Dd.5.64)106/47 : Þan þe bihoves syng þe psalmes.
- a1450 Yk.Pl.(Add 35290)202/48 : Vs bus it do to hym by skyll.
- c1450 *Bonav.Medit.(4) (MSU 1)16 : Hym bus [L debet] be lenger bydyng þer in.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)263/921 : Ȝyf it be-hove, fadyr, for me To save mannys sowle..I am redy [etc.].
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)253/295 : The sothe behowys me nede to say.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
- a1225(?OE) Lamb.Hom.(Lamb 487)85 : We habbeð imaked þene licome to þer saule bihoue.
Note: Per MJW: Used imaken v. 4.(b) to cause (sb.) to be (glad, guilty, etc.) [no ~ to constr. noted], make (a door shut, oil thick, etc.] if bihove is adj., this is the construction.; if it is the infinitive, the pattern is closer to the 1st gloss.
Note: Per MJW: ?bihoven = to be subject (to sth). Editor's translation: 'we have made the body subject to the soul.' MED has no bihove adj. entry. No noun sense fits. Must be imaken + infinitive construction, but no sense of bihoven v. fits & no construction with imaken v. cited.
- ?a1425(?a1350) Castleford Chron.(Göt Hist 740)22455 : Rictor..bad him [Arthur] als in comandement..Fla his berd with deligens And send it flane to his presens..And if þat Arthur wald noght swa At his bidyng his berd sone fla, Nedelinges him and him biod fight.
Note: New form: sg. 3 biod.
Note: Quot. belongs to sense 3.(a). (him and him bihoveth, they [Rictor and Arthur] are constrained or compelled (to do sth.).)--per MLL