With ref. to a concrete or tangible inanimate object or substance and expressing various spatial relationships: (a) with verbs or verb phrases expressing notions of contiguity or contact: next to it or that, by it, near it; comen ~, to touch it, come into contact with it; (b) with verbs expressing motion or placement: toward it or them, to it or them; onto or on that or it; into it; also in fig. context; also, at them [1st quot.]; (c) with verbs expressing notions of attachment: to it or them, onto that; also in fig. context; (d) with verb of sense: smellen ~, to sniff at it; (e) ?with verb expressing the notion of taking or grabbing: fon ~, to seize them, lay hold of them [may belong to sense 1b. if the verb expresses the notion of inheriting]; (f) error for ther-of adv.

With ref. to a concrete or tangible inanimate object or substance and expressing various abstract relationships: (a) with verbs of perception or intellection: toward it, at it; (b) with verbs or verb phrases expressing emotional responses, etc.: on it or them; don (setten) herte ~; haven desir ~, to crave it, long for it; (c) with verb expressing address or invocation: to or before them; (d) with verbs or verb phrases expressing notions of association, pertinence, possession, attribution, etc.: to it or them; also, without verb in quasi-adjectival constructions: associated with it or them, suitable for it; (e) with verb phrase expressing notions of requiring or desiring: haven nede ~, to need it, require that; (f) with ppl. or adj. expressing notions of comparison, agreement, accordance, similitude, etc.: to it or them, with it or them; according (accordaunt) ~.

With ref. to a body, a bodily member, a wound or an injury afflicting a bodily member, etc. and expressing various spatial relationships: (a) with verbs expressing notions of contiguity or contact: near to that, connected with it, adjacent to it; (b) with verbs of motion: into it; also, into itself; (c) with verbs expressing notions of placement: on it or them, against it, to it.

With ref. to a body, a bodily member, a physical condition or property of the body and expressing various abstract relationships: (a) with verb expressing the notion of occurrence: to it; (b) with verbs expressing notions of association, suitability, etc.: for it, to it, with it; (c) with verb expressing the notion of giving: to it; (d) with verb expressing the notion of comparison: in comparison with that, to it.

With ref. to a physical place or setting, a geographical feature, a structure, etc. and expressing various spatial relationships: (a) with verbs and verb phrases expressing notions of contiguity or contact: to that, next to it, by it; ben mani greses ~, to be many steps leading to it; (b) with verbs of motion or placement: to it, to that place, into it; also, in that [quot. c1175]; ~ the, to or in the place where, where; that..~, to which, into which; haunten ~, to go to them often, frequent them; (c) with verb phrases expressing notions of hostile action: against it, upon it, to it; (d) with verbs expressing notions of summoning, inviting, etc.: to that or it.

With ref. to a physical place or setting, a geographical feature, a structure, etc. and expressing various abstract relationships: (a) with verbs expressing notions of occurrence: to it or them; (b) with verb phrase expressing an emotional response: ben muche ~, to be greatly attracted to it; (c) with verbs expressing notions of association, pertinence, possession, etc.: to it, that, or them; lien ~, to be associated with it or them, belong to it or them; (d) with verb phrases expressing notions of comparison or similitude: ben like (iliche) ~, to resemble it or them, compare with it or them.

With ref. to an animate being and expressing various spatial relationships: (a) with verbs of motion: toward him or it, into his presence; (b) with verbs expressing notions of hostile action or attack: to or against it.

With ref. to an animate being or group of people and expressing various abstract relationships: (a) with verbs or verb phrases expressing emotional responses: toward him or them, to him [quot. a1450 could also be construed as sense 9.(b)]; ben muche ~, to be greatly attached to them; (b) with verb expressing the notion of pertinence: to him; (c) with verb phrase expressing the notion of judgment: don execucioun ~, ?to inflict a penalty on her, subject her to correction; (d) with verbs expressing notions of comparison, agreement, accordance, or similitude: ben iliche ~, to resemble it, be like it; conformen ~, refl. model oneself on them, go along with them; (e) as quasi-adj. indicating a familial or legal relationship: heir ~, his heir.

With ref. to an institution, abstract entity, abstraction, etc. and expressing various abstract relationships: (a) with verbs of motion, placement, etc. in nonliteral uses: toward that, to it; that (which that)..~, to which; sechen ~, to seek it or them out; (b) with verb phrases of perception, intellection, or emotional response: haven savour ~, to delight in it; taken gome ~, watch out for it, be solicitous of it; tenten ~, pay attention to it, dwell on it; (c) with verbs expressing notions of belief, reliance, or expectation: in it; also, for it [1st quot.]; (d) with verbs or verb phrase expressing notions of giving, favoring, etc.: to it; beren worthment ~, to accord it respect, honor it; favouren ~, give approval to it; yeven ~, grant (sth.) to it; (e) with verbs expressing notions of association, pertinence, suitability, etc.: to that or it, with it; also without verb [quot. 1340]; bilongen (bihoven, fallen, lien, pertenen) ~; (f) in phrase expressing similitude or comparison: to it.

With ref. to a set of precepts, a command, statute, request, etc.: (a) with verbs or verb phrases expressing notions of observing, disobeying or obeying, acceding, etc.: to that or it; (b) with verb expressing pertinence: fallen ~, to follow from that, be entailed by it; (c) with verbs expressing notions of alteration, addition, etc.: to it, to them.

With ref. to a promise, an oath, a vow, declaration of intent, etc.: (a) with verbs or verb phrases expressing notions of obligation, etc.: to that or it; (b) with verbs or verb phrases expressing notions of pledging, etc.: to that vow, oath, etc., in confirmation of that; also, with referent following: to this [quot. a1425]; also, in elliptical clauses: ~ min treuth (honde), hereby I give my word, I swear this.

With ref. to a plan, a device, a counsel, etc.: (a) with verbs or verb phrases expressing notions of agreement, acceptance, etc.: to that, with that; ben in god wille ~, haven wille ~, to be willing to do that, favor doing that; graunten (stonden) ~, go along with that, be in favor of that; his wille was ~, he favored that, he was set on (doing) that, he was in accord with that; (b) with verb phrase expressing notions of proposing, suggesting, or devising: to do that; yeven counseil ~; (c) with verb expressing the notion of fulfillment or execution: to that.

With ref. to a logical proposition, an assertion, a presentation of fact, doctrine, etc.: (a) with verbs or verb phrases expressing notions of testifying, etc.: to that, to the truth of that, in support of that; (b) with verbs expressing notions of believing, etc.: in that, in the validity of that; trusten ~; (c) with verbs expressing notions of amending or adding: to that.

With ref. to an office, a position, or an honor: (a) with verbs expressing notions of promoting, appointing, etc.: to that position, office, etc., in charge of it, to it; callen (isetten, setten) ~; (b) with verbs expressing notions of accepting, receiving, etc.: comen ~, to achieve it; fon ~, succeed to that position; (c) with verb phrases expressing notions of needing, meriting, etc.: ben unworthi ~, to be unworthy of that honor; haven nede ~, have a need for it, need it.

With ref. to a state, condition, manner of living, etc.: (a) with verbs of motion in nonliteral uses: to that state, condition, etc., to it; (b) with verb expressing the notion of compulsion: to it; (c) with verb expressing the notion of gaining or achieving: winnen ~, to obtain it, achieve it, arrive at it; (d) with verb expressing the notion of comparison or similitude: in comparison with it.

With ref. to an action: (a) with verbs or verb phrases expressing notions of expending effort, exerting oneself, having ability, etc.;—freq. in anticipatory constructions: to do that or it, to doing it; also, to do the following; (b) with verbs or verb phrases expressing notions of helping, desiring, permitting, approving, etc.: to do that or it; (c) with verbs or verb phrases expressing notions of obligation, compulsion, etc.: to do that or it, to do so; (d) with ben;—usu. with pred. adj., ppl., etc.: to do that, for doing that; for that; also with haven [quot. a1475].

With ref. to a procedure, process, technique, etc.: (a) with verbs expressing notions of making, devising, etc.: for use in that, for that purpose; (b) as quasi-adj.: for that undertaking, required for that purpose.

With ref. to a desired end or event, goal, etc.: (a) with verbs or verb phrases expressing notions of suitability, application, etc.: for the purpose of bringing that about, to that end, for that purpose, to accomplish that; (b) with verbs of motion or direction: for that purpose, to do that; also with implied verb of motion [quot. c1330]; (c) with verb expressing the notion of entreating: to that end, for that; (d) with verbs expressing notions of making, devising, designating, etc.: for that purpose, for that, to that end, to realize that plan; (e) with verbs expressing notions of acquiring, obtaining, employing, etc.: for that purpose, for that, to use for that; (f) with referent following: ~ (..) that, to the end that (sth. should occur), in order that.

With ref. to a set of circumstances, situation, matter, problem, concern, etc. and indicating the focus of interest: (a) with verbs or verb phrases expressing notions of mental attitudes or activity: regarding that, about that, to that matter, etc.; also, in that affair [quot. a1425 Arth.& M.]; don ~, ?to concern oneself with that situation; (b) with verbs or verb phrases expressing emotional responses: in response to it or that, at that, to it; (c) with verbs of motion in nonliteral uses: ben brought ~, comen ~, to turn out that way, happen thus; (d) with verbs or verb phrases expressing notions of communication or instruction: regarding that, on that subject, point, question, etc., with reference to that; (e) with verbs or verb phrases expressing notions of association: ben ~, to accompany that, be part of that; putten remedie ~, circumvent that difficulty, get around that.

With ref. to an abstract point of reference: (a) in time: up to that point in time, hitherto, until then; also, to that age [quot. c1350]; er..~, before that; se time com ~ that, ?time came to the point when (sth. occurred), that point in time came when [could also be construed as sense 8c.(b)]; (b) in a calculation or an expression of quantity: to that or it; adden (don, multiplien) ~; (c) in a discourse: to that subject, to that point in the story.

With loose ref. to an abstraction, a concrete object, etc.: in addition to that or these; also, moreover, besides, in addition; ?thus, accordingly [quot. a1225 Trin.Hom.Creed].

Translating L ad prep. or pref., without clear referent and with minimal semantic content.