With ref. to a concrete object or a physical force: (a) against its force, contrary to it; also fig.; (b) in resistance to it, in its way; against it or them, toward them; (c) ?alongside it, right up against it; ?opposite it.

With ref. to something nonconcrete and nonlocative: (a) with ref. to an action: in return for that, in recompense for that; (b) with ref. to a situation, a characteristic, etc.: in contrast to that or those, instead of that or those; (c) with ref. to an utterance: in response to that; also, for her part [quot. a1400]; (d) with ref. to an action or a course of action, an abstraction, a pronouncement, advice, etc.: in opposition to that, against the doing of that, against it; fighten (gon, grucchen, etc.) ~; holden (seien, etc.) ~; stonden ~, ?to oppose us; ?oppose what we do; (e) with ref. to an order, a law, etc.: in violation of that, in defiance of that; (f) in phrase: ben ~, with ref. to an action, a situation, a logical stance or position, etc.: to stand up against that, speak out against that, raise objections to that; be in disagreement with that, counter that, argue against that; be disobedient, rebel against that; ben rebel ~; ben remedie ~, be a remedy for that; never was ~, ?no objections were raised [quot. c1400(?a1387)]; (g) as quasi-adj.: countering that, against that.