Middle English Dictionary Entry
thẹ̄d(e n.(2)
Entry Info
| Forms | thẹ̄d(e n.(2) Also theod(e, ȝede, (infl.) theden & (early) þiod(e, þode, (infl.) þeodæ, -en, -an & (in names) thet-, the-, thid(e)-, thud-, tet-, tet(t)e-, teth-, ted-, te-, tied-, tæd- & (errors) weode, wode; pl. thedes, etc. & (early) þeoden, -an, (infl.) þeode, -a, -æ, -um. |
| Etymology | OE þēod, þīod. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
Note: Cp. are-thede n., itheode n.
1.
(a) People, a body of persons forming some kind of group; also, a group or an order of angels [quot. ?c1200, 1st]; ~ lond; ~ speche; aungel ~; hethen ~; (b) a group of people sharing a national, religious, an ethnic, or a tribal identity; judeish (phariseish, etc.) ~, ir-lond (israel) ~; (c) in ~, among people; in a company.
Associated quotations
a
- a1121 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.654 : He wæs swyðe Godes freond and him luuede al þeode.
- a1150(OE) Vsp.D.Hom.(Vsp D.14)96/27 : Be-healden we Godes Ælmihtiges bisne, swa swa se æðela þeoda larðeaw cwæð, [etc.].
- a1150(OE) Vsp.D.Hom.(Vsp D.14)106/29 : Ales us nu, Drihten, fram his gebeote & mihte, þæt ealle þeodan gecnawen þæt þu ane eart Ælmihtig God.
- a1150(OE) Vsp.D.Hom.(Vsp D.14)66/28 : Hit sæigð on halgen bocan..þæt eall middeneard mid hæðenra þeode geðrynge.
- c1175(OE) Bod.Aelfric OT (Bod 343)42/611 : Ic þe sette þeodæ [OE þeodum] to witegan.
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)28/18 : Ðe moniȝe ilyfæþ of alle londe on Crist of hæðenum ðeodum þurh his halȝum apostlæ.
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)66/27 : His apostoli wrohten fela wyndræ ..heom alle ȝeaf alle þeodæ spæce þe on þissere worulde beoð.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)1050-51 : All enngleþeod todæledd iss O niȝhenn kinne þeode.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)7009 : Herode king..Ne wass nohht off Judisskenn þed Acc off hæþene þede.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)15989 : Þiss illke mahht..Crist ȝaff hise posstless..To spekenn & to spellenn..Wiþþ alle þede spæchess.
- a1225(OE) Lamb.Hom.Pentec.(Lamb 487)97 : Paul, þet hermede cristene men, þe he iches to larðewe alle þeoden.
- a1275 Doomsday (Trin-C B.14.39)7 : Þat fuir sal comen in þis world on one sonen-nist, Firbernen al þis middeherd so crist hit wole disten, Boþen watir & þed-lond, þe flurs þat beit briste.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)4569 : Moni..iþud beoð to hellen, & for swulchere neode he is icumen to þere þeoden.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)2302 : He sulden hem best leden, Quane he comen in vnkinde ðeden.
- a1425 St.Alex.(2) (LdMisc 463)62/416 : Naþeles wiþ hem he ȝeode, þe pope & many of þe theode toward his hous þo.
- a1450(1400) Eche man be war (Dgb 102)158 : Lete not lawe be fauoured ne sold. Suche maken fals men be bold, And false men myghte stroye a thede.
- c1450(?a1400) Siege Milan (Add 31042)1008 : He calde hym selfe..The chefe of hethyn thede.
- a1500(?a1400) Morte Arth.(2) (Hrl 2252)1415 : Lord kynge of All thede! That all the worlde shall Rede and Ryght, launcelot thou saue and hede.
b
- a1121 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.656 : Ða þa kyning heorda þæt gesecgon, þa wærð he swiðe glæd; heot seonden geond al hi þeode æfter alle his þægne, æfter ærcebiscop.
- a1121 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.1117 : Normandig wearð swiðe gedreht..Eac þeos þeode þurh þis ylce þurh manigfealde gyld wearð strange geswenct.
- a1150(OE) Vsp.D.Hom.(Vsp D.14)53/32 : Þa wæs an þyssere gebroðre Philippus gehaten, se gewifode on þæs kinges dohter Arete, Arabiscre þeode, seo hatte Herodias.
- a1150(OE) Vsp.D.Hom.(Vsp D.14)68/18 : Þeod arist ongean þeode, & rice ongean rice.
- a1150(OE) Vsp.D.Hom.(Vsp D.14)68/24 : Witodlice on þyssen neowe dagen arisen þeoden ongean þeodan.
- c1175(OE) Bod.Aelfric OT (Bod 343)33/424 : Æfter ðissum weron witodlice deman on þam ilcan earde on Israele ðeode, þe ðam folce wissoden.
- c1175(OE) Bod.Hom.Nicod.(Bod 343)2/22 : Ðu eart æþele lareow on Israele ðeodæ, & þu ðas þing nast!
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)170 : He shall turrnenn mikell flocc Off þiss Judisskenn þeode Till Godess Sune Jesu Crist.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)1782 : Crisstnedd þed iss i þiss lif Unnderr þe Faderr are.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)18253-4 : Teȝȝ wærenn off Farisewisshe þede, Þatt wass wel swiþe niþfull þed.
- a1225(?OE) Vsp.A.Hom.(Vsp A.22)237 : Eft bine fece and þes lare and lage swiðe acolede þurh manifead fenne [read: senne]..and hur þurh false godes þe ælc þiode ham selfe macede.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)4835 : Þa Rom-leoden sende to þissere þeoden, hæhte heom senden here gauel of þissen londe.
- c1330(?a1300) Arth.& M.(Auch)5514 : We beþ souders of fer lond. Men doþ ous to vnderstond Þat þou to socour haddest hede; Þerfore we com fram our þede.
- c1330(?a1300) Tristrem (Auch)1386 : Þai ferden of þis wise In til yrlond þede.
- c1390 Castle Love(1) (Vrn)20 : Alle we habbeþ to help neode, Þat we ne beþ alle of one þeode, Ne iboren in one londe.
- c1400(?a1300) KAlex.(LdMisc 622)95 : Wel a þritty ygadred beeþ, And bispeken alle his deþ—Kyng Philippe, of grete þede, Maister of þat felawrede, For he was man of miȝtty honde.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)3747 : Be scho lyuir of a lasse, scho lengis in oure burȝe, And is oure thewis of oure thede thryfandly enfourmed.
c
- a1350 Middelerd for mon (Hrl 2253)24 : Ȝef he beþ þryuen ant þowen in þeode, vr soule bone so broerli [?read: broþerli] be as berne best þat bale forbeode.
- c1330(?a1300) Tristrem (Auch)291 : He tauȝt him ich alede Of ich maner of glewe, And euerich playing þede [?read: play in þede], Old lawes and newe.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)15490 : Þou was an es þe traitur mast þat euer was in thede.
- c1440(?a1400) Perceval (Thrn)1203 : He roghte wele þe lesse Awþer of lyfe or of dede, To medis þat he were in a stede Þar he myghte riste hym in thede, A stownde in sekirnes.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)1246 : Thretti thousand in thede of thra men of armes..was..on blonkes.
2.
(a) A land, country, region; a realm, kingdom [some quots. may belong to senses 1.(a) or (b)]; ~ folk, the people of a country; (b) a piece of land or property.
Associated quotations
a
- a1225(?OE) Lamb.Hom.(Lamb 487)81 : Nu kumeð þes helendisse Mon..Mon elelendis he is icleped for he is of unkuþe þode.
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)127/13 : He steah to heouene & leafde his leoue freond in uncuðe þeode.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)248 : Mine þralles i mire þeode me suluen þretiað.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)13223 : Þer me mihte ihere..clupien þusende of þan þeod-folke [Otho: Romleode].
- c1275(?c1250) Owl & N.(Clg A.9)387 : Aȝte men boþ in worre An fareþ boþe ner an forre, An ouer uareþ fele wode [Jes-O: þeode].
- c1275(?c1250) Owl & N.(Clg A.9)905 : Wi nultu singe an oder þeode Þar hit is muchele more neode?
- c1275(?c1250) Owl & N.(Clg A.9)1583 : Þe lauerd in to þare weode [Jes-O: þeode] Fareþ ut on þare beire nede.
- ?a1300(c1250) Prov.Hend.(Dgb 86)st.3 : May no mon þat is in londe..Wonen at hom and spede, Fele þewes for to lere, So he þat haveþ wide were Souht in fele þede: Also fele þedes, Also fele þewes.
- (c1300) Havelok (LdMisc 108)105 : Forto hauen of him þe mede Þat for vs wolde on rode blede, Crist, that al kan wisse and rede, Þat euere woneth in ani þede.
- c1330(?a1300) Guy(2) (Auch)p.490 : Seþþe forþ in his way he ȝede Þurch-out mani vncouþe þede: To Costentyn he is y-fare.
- c1330(?a1300) KAlex.(Auch)438/343 : Þou schalt haue Perce and Mede And Babiloine þat riche þede.
- ?a1350 Guy(3) (Wales 572)439 : In-til Ingland ta we the way..Thou hafis the prys in this lede; Wende we nou in-til our thed.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)1658 : Þan studied þei a gret stounde stifli togadere, bi what wise þei miȝt best buske of þat þede.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)4177 : Þan sagh þai comand..Marchands of an vncuth thede [Göt: lede; Trin-C: londe], O egypte als in boke we rede.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)13760 : A water þar es wit-in þair thede þat es called piscine in þair lede.
- c1400(?c1380) Pearl (Nero A.10)483 : Þou lyfed not two ȝer in oure þede; Þou cowþez neuer God nauþer plese ne pray.
- ?a1425(?a1350) Castleford Chron.(Göt Hist 740)20767 : Kyngs and dukes in fer thedes wons To arthures house þai send þar sons.
- ?a1425(?a1350) Castleford Chron.Lear (Göt Hist 740)507 : Thy systers, aftyr so many good dedys, Landys gyffyne to þame and many thedes..Nowe þai me suffer..Out of ther landys becom exile.
- a1450(?c1350) Pride Life (ChrC-Dub)250 : God þat me forbede þat Deth schold do þe wronge Qwhile I am in þi ȝede.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)1803 : In thorps & in many thede þar ȝe þurȝe ride At ilka cote a kene curre..bremely..baies.
- a1500(?a1400) Morte Arth.(2) (Hrl 2252)61 : For men told in many a thede That launcelot by the quene lay.
- a1500(?a1400) Morte Arth.(2) (Hrl 2252)2305 : I myght be kynge..Off All benwike, that Ryche thede.
b
- c1300 SLeg.Magd.(2) (LdMisc 108)32 : Heore londes and heore leodes huy delden alle a-þreo, Tounes and heore þeodes [Trin-C: londes]..To feoffen heore children..For huy ne scholden nouȝt striue ȝwane huy heom weren at-gon.
3.
Language, speech;—also pl.
Associated quotations
- a1150(OE) Vsp.D.Hom.(Vsp D.14)103/18 : Þu cweðst, 'Cras,' þæt is Leden word & is on ure þeodan 'Tomorgen.'
- ?a1200(OE) Hrl.HApul.(Hrl 6258B)169/5 : Þanne is oðer cyn 'stillatus,' þat on ure þeode 'dropfah.'
- ?a1200(?OE) PDidax.(Hrl 6258b)15/22 : Ad eos, qui non possunt uidere a sole donec ad occasum. Ad nectalopas, þæt ys on ure þeodum þe man, þe ne mæȝe nengi [read: nenig] ȝeseo after sunna upgange, ær sunna eft on setl ga.
- c1175(OE) Bod.Hom.Dom.2 Quadr.(Bod 343)50/31 : 'Penitentiam agite'..þæt is on ure ðeodum, 'Doþ dæþbote.'
- c1175(OE) Bod.Hom.Dom.2 Quadr.(Bod 343)54/13 : Omne ociosum uerbum quod locuti fuerint homines..þæt is on ure þeode—Bi ælc ydele wordum þe men specæð.
4.
In surnames and place names [see Smith PNElem.2.203].
Associated quotations
- (1144) EPNSoc.19 (Cmb.)242 : Liteltædford.
- (1144) EPNSoc.19 (Cmb.)242 : Liteltiedford.
- (c1155) EPNSoc.19 (Cmb.)242 : Thedford.
- (1198) EPNSoc.19 (Cmb.)242 : Tefford.
- c1200(926) EPNSoc.3 (Bedf.& Hnt.)122 : Ðiodweg.
- (1229) EPNSoc.19 (Cmb.)242 : Litletheford.
- (1240) in Sundby Dial.Wor.140 : Thudgivecroft.
- (1251) EPNSoc.19 (Cmb.)242 : Tethford.
- (1251) EPNSoc.19 (Cmb.)242 : Thetford.
- (1252) in Reaney Dict.Br.Surnames345 : Richard Thedware.
- (1275) in Reaney Dict.Br.Surnames344 : Robert Tedbrith.
- (1277) in Sundby Dial.Wor.140 : Thidrit.
- (1298) EPNSoc.19 (Cmb.)242 : Theford.
- (1327) in Reaney Dict.Br.Surnames345 : Gerbaga Thedlef.
- (1327) Name in LuSE 35233 : Teteford.
- (1332) Name in LuSE 35233 : De Tetteford.
- (1379-80) in Sundby Dial.Wor.140 : Thederych.
- (1394) EPNSoc.19 (Cmb.)242 : Tetford.
- (1427) in Sundby Dial.Wor.140 : Thiderick.