Middle English Dictionary Entry
talent n.
Entry Info
Forms | talent n. Also talent(t)e, talant, taland(e; pl. talent(e)s, etc. & talentus & talens. |
Etymology | OE talent(e & OF talent, talant (pl. talens) & talente & L talentum. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
Note: Cp. maltalent n.
1.
(a) An ancient unit of weight of varying value, ranging from about 55 pounds to over 130 pounds; a talent weight of gold, silver, or brass; ~ of led, a talent weight of lead used as a lid; as a ~, of the size or weight of a talent; (b) an ancient monetary unit of varying value; a coin representing the value of a talent, sometimes equated with the Byzantine bezant; the gospel talent [see Mat.25.14-30 and Luke 19.12-27]; also, her. a coin-shaped heraldic charge [quot. 1486]; (c) coll. & pl. treasure, riches; (d) fig. that which God has granted to one; accounten for ~, bringen answere of ~, to render an account at the Last Judgment of what one has been given; quiten ~, give (sb. his) reward, pay (sb. his) due.
Associated quotations
a
- c1350 MPPsalter (Add 17376)118.72 : Gode þyng ys to me þe lawe of þy mouþe vp a þousand talens of seluer & gold.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Ex.25.39 : All þe weyȝt of þe candilstyke with all his vessels schall haue a talent [L talentum] of most clene gold.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Ex.38.29 : Of brasse forsoþ þer weren offerd talentis seuenty.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)3 Esd.1.36 : He pilede þe folc of an hundred talentis [vr. talentus] of siluer.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Zech.5.7 : This is an amfer..And lo! a talent of lede was born; and loo! a woman, syttynge in mydil of the amfer.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)3.5 : A talent is agrete wiȝte, and þere beeþ þre manere talentes: þe leste is of fifty pound, þe myddel of þre score pound and twelue, þe moste of an hondred pounde and twenty.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)332b/b : 'Lanx' is euene hongyng for to weye grete weiȝtes, as hundred and talentus [L talenta].
- c1400 Apoc.(2) (Hrl 171)83/7 : Greet haile as a talent came doun fro heuene into men.
- c1450(a1425) MOTest.(SeldSup 52)15330 : Toby toke..ten talentes of gold fayr and fyne: vii c and xx libras weyd þei forto be wayred in wax and wyne.
b
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Mat.18.24 : A man..wolde putte resoun with his seruauntis, And whanne he began..oon was offrid to hym that owȝte to hym ten thousand talentis.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Mat.25.15 : A man..clepide his seruauntis..and to oon he ȝaue fyue talentis, or besauntis, forsothe to an other two, but to an other oon, to eche after his owne vertu.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)4.83 : Hircanus..ȝaf þe kyng an hondred children, and everiche of hem bare a talent in honde.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)72b/a : Þe slowe seruaunt hidde his lordes talent in þe erþe & wente his wey.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)3154 : Tulkis..egirly cries On Alexander eftir help & he þam all liuers..And ilkane of his talentis he takis ten thousand.
- 1486 ?Berners Bk.St.Albans (Blades 1881)her.leaf e iii/a : It is not necessari here to expres the colowre of the talentis or besantis for thay be euer of golde.
- a1500 Add.37075 Gloss (Add 37075)76/313a : Solidus: schelyng..talentum: talent.
c
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)1666 : He [Alexander]..Geues..Besands to þe bischop..Tas him to his tresory, talent [Dub: talentes] him to shewe.
- 1448 *Glo.Chron.C (Arms 58:Kooper)f.182v : The deth of which .. he dude amende thurgh gret yiftes of talenz yiue to Egfrid, and so they acordid.
- c1450 Bk.GGrace (Eg 2006)267/10 : Þe prelatez in holye cherche whiche..travayles..to kepe þe offyce whiche es commytted to þaym for wynnynge of mennys sawlles and..þat þaye mowe dowble the talentys whiche be takyne to þame..schalle haffe the blysse of heuene.
d
- a1450 Castle Persev.(Folg V.a.354)3621 : Þe count of here conscience schal putten hem in pres And ȝeld a reknynge Of here space whou þey han spent, And of here trew talent, At my gret jugement An answere schal me brynge.
- c1475(a1449) Lydg.Test.(Hrl 218)220 : Allas, who shall me saue Fro fendes daunger tacounte for my talent?
- c1500 NPass.(Ashm 61)98/974 : I schall quyte hym hys talente.
2.
(a) Desire, will; inclination, habit, bent; ~ of (to), desire for (sth.); ~ of a mannes thought, the tenor of a man's thought; leien ~, to set (one's) heart (on sth.); (b) that which is desired, (one's) wish or wishes; the ~ of here hertes, their hearts' desire; ful-fillen ~, to fulfill (someone's) desire; graunten ~, grant (someone's) wish; heren min ~, hear my wish, hear what I want; seien ~, argue for (one's own) wishes; (c) in phrases with inf.: cacchen a ~, to take an inclination (to do sth.); haven (setten) ~, have an inclination (to do sth.), desire (to do sth.); losen ~, lose (one's) desire (to do sth.); (d) at ~, at (someone's) pleasure, at (someone's) service; with (god, gret) ~, willingly, with good will.
Associated quotations
a
- c1330(?a1300) Arth.& M.(Auch)1225 : Hast þai haue me to slen; Ac bi þat þai me wiþ eiȝen sen, Þerto worþ hem no talent.
- c1330(?a1300) Arth.& M.(Auch)1580 : Do wiþ ous al þi talent.
- c1330(?c1300) Guy(1) (Auch)4698 : A gode stede..was to a bouȝ y-teyd; Gij þeron his talent leyd.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mel.(Manly-Rickert)B.2441 : They han espied by youre wordes to what thyng ye ben enclyned, And ther fore han they counseilled yow rather to youre talent than to youre profit.
- (c1422) Hoccl.JWife (Dur-U Cosin V.3.9)202 : Come on now, my lady deere, With me in-to this priuee foreste heere, That y of yow may haue my talent!
- a1425(a1400) PConsc.(Glb E.9 & Hrl 4196)8459 : To what thyng þe saule has talent, To þat þe body salle ay assent.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)2.pr.1.11 : Thow languyssest and art desfeted for desir and talent [L affectu desiderioque; F par l'entalentement et par le desirier] of thi rather fortune.
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Grail (Corp-C 80)28.305 : It was on of þe thinges most In his talent [F talent] that Swerd owt to drawen.
- a1450(1412) Hoccl.RP (Hrl 4866)1404 : Of holy chirche..hast þou non a-vancement; Ye courteours..deceyue Youre soules, for þe desirous talent Ye han to good.
- a1450 Yk.Pl.(Add 35290)6/144 : Mankynde of moulde will I make; But fyrste wille I fourme..All thyng that sall hym restore To whilke þat his talents will take.
- c1450 Dice(1) (Frf 16)297 : That ye ne had moo bokes is gret skathe, ffor your talent ys gretely set to rede.
- c1450 Trin-C.Accedence (Trin-C O.5.4)43/531 : How knowyste an interieccion? A party of reson that bytokenyth talente of a mannys thouȝte and is not declinyd, as 'fy', 'hay'.
- a1500(?c1450) Merlin (Cmb Ff.3.11)30 : He knewe well that thei hadde ther-to no talant.
b
- c1330(?c1300) Guy(1) (Auch)5577 : So he glosed þe douk..& so ȝernne he haþ him bede, Þat he him graunted his talent.
- c1350 MPPsalter (Add 17376)72.7 : Her wickednes ȝede forþe as of grees; hij shul be born in-to þe talent of her hertes.
- c1400(?a1300) KAlex.(LdMisc 622)1557 : Þe bisshop graunted þe kynges talent.
- a1450(?c1350) Pride Life (ChrC-Dub)271 : Com and her my talente.
- a1475 Siege Troy(1) (Hrl 525)175/420 : That appul..with gold begraue..may not be..at our Juggement, ffor ilkone seyth his owne talent.
- c1450(a1375) Octav.(2) (Clg A.2)998 : Lord, her my talent!
- a1500(c1400) St.Erk.(Hrl 2250)176 : He is Lord myȝty, And fayne ȝour talent to fulfille, if ȝe Hym frende leues.
c
- c1330(?a1300) Arth.& M.(Auch)1965 : Þai hadden wille and talent fin To sen and speke wiþ Merlin.
- c1390 NHom.Narrat.(Vrn)16.263/130 : Hedde he no talent to chase.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pars.(Manly-Rickert)I.228 : Who so thanne wolde..bithynke hym wel that he hath deserued thilke peynes for his synnes, certes he sholde haue moore talent to siken and to wepe than for to syngen and to pleye.
- (?c1410) Hoccl.Chancellor (Hnt HM 111)19 : Now, cacche a lust and a talent Me to haue in your fauour.
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Merlin (Corp-C 80)11409 : So discomfyt weren they..that they hadden j-lost clene here talent.
- a1450 Mandev.(3) (BodeMus 116)109/3 : No man may come into that yle but he be sone..fordon with sweche forshapynne bestis, and therfore I hadde no talent [L voluntatem] for to comyn amongis hem.
- c1460(?c1400) Beryn (Nthld 55)367 : I have no talent to ete in yeur absence.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)604/16 : I woll nat abyde, for I have suche a talente to se sir Trystram that I may nat abyde longe from hym.
- a1500(?c1450) Merlin (Cmb Ff.3.11)61 : Sir, we haue no talent to remeve fro hens..for we be entred as brethern and therfore..will neuer departe till deth vs departe.
- a1525 Conq.Irel.(Dub 592)6/25 : For the grete talent [Rwl: affeccion] þat Macmorogh had to ben neer his lond..he went hym thennes in-to south walys..þat he myght in fayr weder haue somdell syght of his lond.
d
- c1300 SLeg.Inf.Chr.(LdMisc 108)293 : Jesus is..So ful of loue.. þat he fur ȝiuez is wrathþing To heom þat mis doth ani þing, And huy wollen with hore talent Comen to amendement.
- a1450 Yk.Pl.(Add 35290)462/217 : So wille we all, with grete talent..lady, giffe þe noght ill.
- c1450(a1400) Libeaus (Clg A.2)612 : Elene..ladde her..Jn-to þat logge of leues Wyth well good talent.
- a1500(1422) Yonge SSecr.(Rwl B.490)132/25 : Sum Pryncis..by coloure of har Pryncehode and coloured defense of the commyn Pepill, takyn atte har talent trew men goodis.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)83/157 : Lord, I am at youre talent.
3.
(a) An inherent physical urge or drive; ~ of being, the drive for existence, survival instinct; (b) a desire for food or drink, an appetite; ~ in tonge to, a craving of the tongue for (certain foods), a taste for; ~ o (of, to), appetite for (food, drink); ben served to here ~ of, to be served their fill of (meat, fish); drinken at here ~, drink their fill of (sth.); (c) sexual desire, sexual appetite, lust.
Associated quotations
a
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)3.pr.11.78 : Is ther any thing..in as moche as it lyveth naturely, that forletith the talent or the appetyt of his beynge and desireth to come to deth?
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)4.pr.4.189 : Whan men loke nat the ordre of thinges, but hir lustes and talentz, they wene that either the leve or the mowynge to don wikkidnesse, or elles the scapynge withouten peyne, be weleful.
- a1450(1412) Hoccl.RP (Hrl 4866)3826 : Who so wilneth to be contynent, Many a lust superflu mot he lete..by mesure, his talent Mesure he moot.
- a1500(?a1400) SLChrist (Hrl 3909)2092 : Myrre may signifie also ouercomyng of our fleschlie wille, quen we feȝten aȝayn þat fo our talent noȝt forto fulfille.
b
- c1390(?c1350) SVrn.Leg.Barlaam (Vrn)214 : Josaphaþ..seide he was in heuinesse so grete þat he nedde talent to drinke ne mete.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pard.(Manly-Rickert)C.540 : O wombe! o belly..Thise cokes, how they stampe and streyne..To fulfillen al thy likerous talent!
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)5258 : Þof he thre dais had fastand bene, O mete and drinc..I hope he suld haue na talent.
- c1400(?a1300) KAlex.(LdMisc 622)4172 : Hij weren yserued wiþ grete plente..And dronken wyne..at her talent [LinI: alto talent].
- a1425 *Wel.225 Recipes (Wel 225)44/86,92 : For evyll at þi hart & for tynynge of talent of met, Tak centaury & seth it wele in stale ale..And us þam fastand & it sall do away glet fra þi harte & gyf þe talent to þi mete.
- a1450-1509 Rich.(Brunner)4647 : Þey were..weel jseruyd..To here talent off fflesch and ffysch.
- c1450(a1400) Lavynham Treat.7 Dead.Sins (Hrl 211)19/16 : Glotonye is a talent wtowtyn temperure & mesure to mete or to drinke.
- c1450(a1400) Lavynham Treat.7 Dead.Sins (Hrl 211)19/18 : The bere alwey haþ a maner of talent in his tunge to certayn metis..& þt makyth him ofte to likken hys tunge.
- c1450 Royal SSecr.(Roy 18.A.7)24/33 : Whan thyn houre of custome cometh that thi talent [L voluntas comedendi] hath take the, haue a litille travayle or thou ete.
- a1475 Hrl.Bk.Hawking in Studia Neoph.1620 : Men shall fede here hawkes in mewe..briddes ynowe, and lete here..plume on hom if she woll, the which schall clense well here bowell and make here haue a talente to hire mete.
- a1500(1422) Yonge SSecr.(Rwl B.490)141/8 : Drynke but lytill, make al otheris drynke att har talente.
- a1500(1422) Yonge SSecr.(Rwl B.490)187/3 : Lette hungyre yeue the talent, and not Sause ne Saueure.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)464 : Hir talent was taken for tastyng of wyne.
c
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pars.(Manly-Rickert)I.915 : The remedie agayns leccherie..is generally Chastitee and Continence, that restreyneth alle the desordeynee moeuynges that comen of flesshly talentes [vr. talantez].
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)275a/b : Þe female Camel..goþ on hire knees whanne sche wole be coupled wiþ þe male, and hire talent and hire desire [L desiderium] is strong and feruent in tyme of loue.
- c1465(?1373) *Lelamour Macer (Sln 5)13b : Calamynte ys an herbe..þere bethe iij speces..þay distroy a mannys talent.
- a1450(1412) Hoccl.RP (Hrl 4866)3631 : What prince þat with vnclennesse is brent, And ther-in settith his luste and talent, No perfyt dede or werk him folwe may.
- ?a1450 Agnus Castus (Stockh 10.90)139/8 : Þe vertu of þis herbe is þat it wele stroyen a mannys talent [vr. talande], as ypocras seyȝth.
4.
(a) Feeling, emotion, passion; also, a feeling, an emotion; also, power, force; grevous ~, sorrow; irous ~, wrath; with ~ fin, with gret ~, with passion, forcefully; (b) affection, love; (c) pleasure, liking, delight.
Associated quotations
a
- c1330(?a1300) Arth.& M.(Auch)2125 : Wiþ wretþe and wiþ talent fin He smot opon a Sarraȝin.
- c1390(?c1350) SVrn.Leg.(Vrn)19/700 : An officer greued Ambrose sore..And sende word to him wiþ gret talent.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.ML.(Manly-Rickert)B.1137 : Who lyued euere..That hym ne moeued outher conscience Or ire or talent?
- a1425 KAlex.(LinI 150)1274 : Kyng Phelip hit vndurstand Wel bliþe is heorte and his talant.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)1.pr.1.59 : Comune strompettis of..the theatre..with thornes and prikkynges of talentz or affeccions [F entalente menz; L affectuum], whiche that ne bien nothyng fructifyenge..destroyen the corn plentyvous of fruytes of resoun.
- a1450(1412) Hoccl.RP (Hrl 4866)2326 : Whan þe kyng his prayere vnderstood, Al his angir and his irrous talent Refreyned he.
- a1450 Yk.Pl.(Add 35290)174/69 : In his baptyme..The fadirs voyce with grete talent be herde full riȝt.
- c1450 ?C.d'Orl.Poems (Hrl 682)34/998 : Now, in this grevous talent, Thus calle y for yowre socoure pitously.
b
- c1330(?a1300) Arth.& M.(Auch)2118 : Aurilis Brosias to þe se went, To whom Merlin hadde gode talent.
- c1425(c1400) Ld.Troy (LdMisc 595)13561 : To Diomedes..sche ȝaff al hir talent, For he hadde mechel on hir y-spent.
- c1450 ?C.d'Orl.Poems (Hrl 682)42/1239 : Hir to honoure so loke thou fayle hir nought, Withouten chaunge to kepe thi fresshe talent, As longe as that thi lijf is to the wrought.
- c1475 7 Sages(1) (Eg 1995)123/2655 : Allas..My lorde was so curteys..That to non othyr j haue talent.
- a1500 Alex.-Cassamus (Cmb Ff.1.6)170 : Hadde I neuer cause..To wyth-drawe my talent.
c
- c1330(?c1300) Guy(1) (Auch)220 : Gij..seyd he was þider sent To serue hir to hir talent [vr. talentte].
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)486 : Talent..delectacio.
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Grail (Corp-C 80)28.310 : The lettres..ȝaf Nasciens Most Talent.
- c1460(?c1400) Beryn (Nthld 55)3620 : Wee have chose marchandise most to our talent.
5.
(a) Courage, heart; also, resolve; haven ~, to have resolve, be resolute; yeven ~, hearten (sb.), encourage; (b) an intention, a purpose, plan; also, an impulse, a notion; prechen ~, to preach (God's) word; taken ~, take a notion, form an intent; also, with inf.: take a notion (to do sth.); (c) disposition, nature, character; (d) physical ability or capacity; haven ~, to have physical ability; also, with inf.: have the capacity (to do sth.).
Associated quotations
a
- c1330(?a1300) Arth.& M.(Auch)5872 : Þe first slouȝ Merlin, verrament, To ȝeuen þe oþer gode talent.
- a1500(1422) Yonge SSecr.(Rwl B.490)177/40 : The richere that the Pepill be, In So myche thay may ham-Selfe the bettyr defende, and thereto thay haue the bettyr talent; And who-so lytyll hath, the lasse talente hath.
b
- c1330(?a1300) Arth.& M.(Auch)1620 : Ac þei þou haddest nome an hond Me to sle..Þou miȝtest fayle..So doþ mani of his talent.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)3913 : Bigan þam tak talent [Frf: talande; Göt: taland] To wend in to þair aun land.
- c1400(?c1380) Patience (Nero A.10)416 : Þou þy carp sendez Þat I schulde tee to þys toun þi talent to preche.
- (c1426) Audelay Poems (Dc 302)213/29 : Crist..knew welle þen entent And turned þe out of þat talent.
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Grail (Corp-C 80)49.3 : Swich a talent Is comen to Me that I moste gon Into Anothir Contre.
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Grail (Corp-C 80)53.33 : Atte laste him took A talent To Galafort to Gon.
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Merlin (Corp-C 80)110 : J haue on redy at myn assent that wil Fulfillen myn talent.
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Merlin (Corp-C 80)16278 : Where han ȝe þis talent take, that forsaken thus ȝe wylen me.
- a1450(1412) Hoccl.RP (Hrl 4866)383 : I..schal With goddes helpe..And in despyt of þe fendes talent, In al oþer articles of the feiþ Byleue.
- c1450(a1400) Libeaus (Clg A.2)1848 : Jn feld hys fon to fell; Þer-to was hys talent.
c
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)7672 : Semblant, a good man semen ye, And abstinence, full wise ye seme: Of o talent [F corage] you bothe I deme.
- c1450 Royal SSecr.(Roy 18.A.7)15/6 : Whan the kynde of man is reioysid in myrthe of kyndely nature, the talent of man takith therof gret strengthe and corage in alle manhode.
d
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)5.pr.5.33 : The wit of the body..cometh to beestis that ne mowen nat moeven hemself..But the ymaginacioun cometh to remuable bestis, that semen to han talent to fleen or to desiren any thing.
- c1450(c1440) Scrope Othea (StJ-C H.5)88/16 : With Athalenta strive þou not now, For sche hath grettir talent þan þow.