Middle English Dictionary Entry

bīen v.
Quotations: Show all Hide all

Entry Info

Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)

1a.
(a) To purchase (sth.), acquire by purchase; buy (a slave, etc.); ~ raunsum, pay for (the release of a prisoner); ~ ayen, buy back, reclaim; (b) ~ bargain, ~ of light chepe, to buy (sth.) at a bargain, buy cheaply; ~ dere, buy at a high price, sell for or cost much; ~ god paniworth, get one's money's worth; ~ and borwen, buy on credit; ~ the time, pay interest.
1b.
(a) Intransitive. To make purchases; ~ parcel-mele, buy piece-meal; ~ and sellen, engage in trade; (b) transitive. bien and sellen, to trade (sth.); (chiefly in passive, ben bought and sold),to treat (sth.) disrespectfully or corruptly, as if it were merchandise; to hold (sb., someone's life) as disposable or forfeit.
2.
(a) To acquire (sth.) by effort or work; ~ liflode, earn a living; ~ a husbond, obtain a husband through dowry; obtain (a book); ~ dere, harde, acquire with great effort, pay dearly for (sth.); ~ lightliche, acquire easily; (b) to acquire, earn, or merit (salvation, fame, wisdom, etc.); secure (salvation for sb.); dere bought, hard-won, dearly paid for; incur (punishment).
3.
(a) To secure or obtain (sth.) by unethical means; secure (an office) by bribery; (b) to bribe (sb.), illicitly secure the favor of; (c) to secure (someone's good-will), as by offering alms, paying ransom; (d) to bring about or commit (an offense); (e) ~ out, to dispossess (sb.), as by forced purchase; (f) ~ up, to corner the market in (some commodity), buy up.
4.
(a) To redeem or 'buy back' (the first-born, first-fruit, etc.) by substituting a monetary payment for an in-kind sacrifice [ult. derived perhaps from Leviticus 27]; ~ ut, ~ ayen; (b) to redeem or 'buy back' (one's donated property from the Church) by offering alms.
5.
(a) To deliver or free (sb.) by paying a fee; ransom (a hostage), ~ out; (b) to liberate (a prisoner); deliver (sb. from hardship, paganism); free (sb. from the Devil); redeem (oneself); ~ out; ~ bote, give satisfaction (for sb.).
6.
Theol. Of Christ: (a) to redeem or save (mankind, etc.); ~ ayen, ~ fre; (b) to free or save (man from damnation, hell); -- with from, (out) of phrase; (c) to restore (man to the joys of heaven): to restore (sth.); -- with (un)to, til phrase.
7.
(a) To pay the penalty for (an offense, etc.), pay or suffer for; ~ on (one's) flesh; also, ~ for (an offense); ben bought, be paid for, i.e. avenged; (b) to atone for (sin), make amends; ~ out, ~ penaunce.
8.
To suffer (hardship, etc.) innocently or unjustly; pay for (one's beauty, love); suffer because of (someone else's actions); ~ with wo.

Supplemental Materials (draft)

  • a1500(c1410) Dives & P.(Htrn 270)2.177 : Danyel seyde to þe kyng Nabugodonosor: 'Peccata tua elemosinis redime..Beye awei þi synnys with elmessis.'
  • Note: Phrase: ~ awei
  • a1350 Wer þer ouþer (Rwl D.913)4 : Wer þer..in þis toun ale..isch hit wolde biegge to lemmon myn.
  • Note: Need date
    Note: Sense 1.(a)--per MJW
    Note: No other exx. of bien to, buy (sth.) for (sb.)--per MJW
  • a1300(OE) Deed Crediton (CotR 2.11)115 : And þar hich be-ȝeth of souentine archebischobes to þousent daȝes to ȝiuenisse of hure sinna [for] alle þane ministre criditones aȝinneras an[d] godieras of bute hende heuereche day to-comende an[d] the worke bi-trende.
  • c1390 PPl.A(1) (Vrn)7.167 : Pers..with a Benene Bat I-bot hem by-twene.
  • Note: New spelling

Supplemental Materials (draft)

  • a1400 Trin-C O.9.39 Recipes (Trin-C O.9.39) 15/12,14 : Ȝif þat þu schalt bye eny manere of lapis lazuli..assaye hyt first eer þat þu bye hit, with þe most veray assay þat longeþ þerto.
  • Note: Additional quote, sense 1.(a).