Middle English Dictionary Entry
storm n.
Entry Info
Forms | storm n. Also storme, starme, (16th cent.) stourme & (early) storem, (SWM) steorm & strom; pl. stormes, etc. & stormus, (early infl.) storme. |
Etymology | OE storm, steorm. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) An instance of violent weather, consisting of high winds usu. accompanied by rain, snow, etc.; a storm, tempest; also, a heavy fall of precipitation; ~ of weder (wind, hail, etc.); ~ of hete, the rays or heat from the sun; (b) fig. and in fig. context; (c) in cpds.: ~ hole, ?a dormer window; ?some improvement made to a building in order to repair or prevent storm damage; hail ~; water ~, ?rushing water; -- used in fig. context; (d) in proverbs and prov. comparisons.
Associated quotations
a
- a1121 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.1070 : Þa com an mycel storm & to dræfede ealle þa scipe þær þa gersumes wæron inne.
- a1150(OE) Vsp.D.Hom.(Vsp D.14)72/18-19 : Fyr beornð on his gesihðe, & on his ymbhwyrfte byð swyðlic storm; Se storem adwehð swa hwæt swa þæt fyr forswælð.
- ?a1200(OE) Hrl.MQuad.(Hrl 6258B)235/12 : Hafe hy mid þe, þanne ne sceþþes þe ne tungol, ne haȝol, ne strang storm.
- a1200 Trin.Hom.(Trin-C B.14.52)171 : Ðanne cumeð ure drihten openliche..And giet þanne þat fur berneð biforen him, and storem beð muchel al abuten him.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Juliana (Bod 34)69/751 : As ha weren iwatere com a strom [Roy: steorm] þet te schip ne mahte na mon steorin.
- a1300 Bestiary (Arun 292)404 : Ðis fis wuneð wið ðe se grund..til it cumeð ðe time ðat storm stireð al ðe se.
- c1330(?c1300) Reinbrun (Auch)p.634 : Þe wind began to blowen loude, Þe elmence þikkede on þe cloude: Gret strom hem wex vpon.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Mark 4.37 : A greet storme [L procella] of wynd is maad, and sente wawis in to the boot.
- (c1385) Chaucer CT.Kn.(Manly-Rickert)A.1980 : On the wal was peynted a forest..In which ther ran a rumbel in a swough As thogh a storm sholde bresten euery bough.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)227b/a : A leef..defendeþ tendre blossome..þat it take no wrong of stronge blastes and stormes of wyndes and of weder.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)1762 : Þe stormes ras on ilka side. Sun and mone þeir bemes hide..þe rain it fell sua fers and fast, þe burnes ouer þe brink it brast.
- a1400 Grete ferly (Roy 17.B.17)28 : Þo see..ebbis & floes..In whilk rysen mony grete wawes thurgh stormes of wedres & wyndis þat blawes.
- a1400 Primer (StJ-C G.24)25 : Preysith the lord..Fier, hayl, snow, and yys, goostes of stormes that doth his word.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)1.3907 : Þe soote stormis of Aprille Vn-to þe rote ful lawe gan distille His lusty licour, with many holsom schour, To reise þe vertu vp in-to þe flour.
- a1425(?c1350) Ywain (Glb E.9)371 : Þare come slike stormes of hayl and rayn, Unnethes I might stand þare ogayn.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)477 : Storme, or schowre of reyne: Nimbus.
- (?1440) Palladius (DukeH d.2)12.105 : Transplaunte hem [peach-tree plants] too yeer old to multiplie In delues short and nygh vchon tyl other, That from the storm of hete [L a calore solis] vche helpe his brother.
- c1450(c1350) Alex.& D.(Bod 264)487 : Stive stormus of þe wind stiren up þe wawus.
- c1450 Iuy is (Eg 3307)p.84 : When other treyss most del fail, Than berith Iuy hys berys ful bold In gret stormys of snow and hail.
- (1451) Pet.Hen.VI in Archaeol.Ael.n.s.3185 : By horrible tempestes and grete stormes of the see the seid shippe was drowned.
- (a1460) Vegetius(2) (Pmb-C 243)2739 : A strom is aftir sone Of leyt, of wynd, of rayn, of hail, of thondir, That woful is the wight that goth thervndir.
- a1500(?c1440) Lydg.HGS (Lnsd 699)168 : It is me grauntid..by nature Tabide in thre, lond, watir, & ayer; Now a-mong flours & grevis..Now bathe in rivers..For storme & shour as drie as on the lond.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)2020 : Euþer buerne..Soghten to sainttes & to sere goddys, As þai heghly hade het in þe hegh stormes.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)7631 : When the derke ouerdrogh & þe dym voidet, The stourme wex still, stablit the course.
b
- a1200 Trin.Hom.(Trin-C B.14.52)43 : Þis shipe, þat is holi chirche..is mid storme faste bistonden, þo beð ure fule synnes and fele odre wosiðes.
- a1225(c1200) Vices & V.(1) (Stw 34)43/30 : Swa scul ða gastliche stieres-menn steren ða arche..ðat hie ðarof ne for-liesen ne lichame ne saule..for none storme of dieuliche fandinge.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)131/5 : Þise wordle..is..ane ze uol of storm and of peril..a ueld of uiyȝt huerinne him be-houeþ eure to libbe ine werre..mid dyeulen.
- a1400 Grete ferly (Roy 17.B.17)168 : Þis ship leedes holy men..to þo hauen of saluacion thurgh al þo flode of þo world..In alle þo stormes & wyndes þat blawes, þat is to saye, thurgh mony persecucions.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)225 : Fellen fro þe fyrmament fendez ful blake, [S]weved at þe fyrst swap as þe snaw þikke..Fy[lt]er fenden folk forty dayez lencþe, Er þat styngande storme stynt ne myȝt..fro heven to helle þat hatel schor laste.
- c1400 PLove (Hrl 2254)194/16 : Þou makest stormes for to stynten of oure temptaciouns.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)4343 : Hope and travaile..Ben me byraft all with a storme; The floure nel seeden of my corne.
- c1425 Mirror LM&W (Hrl 45)88/26 : Strengþe..kepeþ the herte from wikked stormes & reyne of couetyse.
- c1450(1410) Walton Boeth.(Lin-C 103)p.185 : Here is þe port of pees and restfulnesse To þeym þat stonde in stormes and [vr. of] disese.
- a1500(c1340) Rolle Psalter (UC 64)90.2 : He sall say til lord, myn vptakere ert thou..and my fleynge fra storme of this life, forthi wele i sall hope in him.
- a1500(?c1378) Wycl.OPastor.(Ryl Eng 86)457 : Goddis lawe is lettid to shyne bi lawis þat þis hil [pope] vsiþ, & coolding fro charite makiþ stormes bi þis hil.
c
- a1200 Trin.Hom.(Trin-C B.14.52)177 : Eleuauerunt domine flumina uocem suam: Ðe water stormes an-hefden here stefne, for wat is folc bute fletende water þe flitteð fro þis þat was alse water storm fro stede to stede.
- ?a1425(a1415) Wycl.Lantern (Hrl 2324)46/10 : If þer come an aile-storm or a coolde cesoun, þise greet fisches falle to þe grounde.
- (1419-20) Mem.Ripon in Sur.Soc.81146 : In salar. Will. de Cloke, carpentarii, emendantis diversos defectus in le Ales, et facientis Stormholes..10 d.
- a1500 Wars Alex.(Dub 213)3047 : So fell flyght was of flonys..þat all þe Ayre blyndyd, Huger to byhalde þen þe hayle-stormes.
d
- a1225(?OE) Lamb.Hom.(Lamb 487)143 : Sunnedei wile ure drihten cumen ine his muchele strenðe..and ech eorþe scal hwakien on his ecsene, alse deoð þe see in storme.
- a1200 Trin.Hom.(Trin-C B.14.52)43 : Woreldes richeise wecheð orgel on mannes heorte and deuð him on helle, alse storm doð þat ship in þe watere.
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)191/3 : Iblescet ibeo þu, lauerd, þe makest stille efter storm & efter wopi weattres ȝeldest bliðe murhðes.
- c1330(?a1300) Tristrem (Auch)3032 : As oule and stormes strong, So criestow on heye In herd.
- a1400(c1300) NHom.(1) Gosp.(Phys-E)p.136 : Sua stroies mare men the lesse, Wit wa and werldes wrangwisnes, And schathe that lesse tholes of mare Smites als storm of se ful sare.
- a1400 12 PTrib.(1) (Roy 17.B.17)47 : Þou makis stille after storme & þou sendis glading after sorowyng.
- c1400(?a1300) KAlex.(LdMisc 622)1309 : A grete storme is falle by a reyn.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.4086,4089 : Þer is no storme þat may lasten euere..Þing violent may nat be eterne; For after stormys Phebus briȝter is.
- a1450(?1420) Lydg.TG (Tan 346)395 : Within a litel while It shal asswage and ouerpassen sone, For..whan þe storme is done, The sonne shineþ in his spere briȝt, And ioy awakiþ whan wo is put to fliȝt.
- a1500(c1340) Rolle Psalter (UC 64)9.34 : Thi haly kirke in that tyme, trauailand as a ship in gret stormes, prayes the dome.
- 1532-1897(c1385) Usk TL (Thynne:Skeat)23/88 : After grete stormes the weder is often mery and smothe.
2.
(a) A conflict, battle; also, an attack [last quot.]; (b) ~ of shot, a heavy discharge of missiles; (c) an outburst of tears; (d) ~ ungod, fig. ?a morally corrupt force.
Associated quotations
a
- c1350(a1333) Shoreham Poems (Add 17376)154/716 : For þou areredst þerne storm And alle þys hete, Acorsed be þou bestes by-syde, Opone þy wombe þou schalt glyde.
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Grail (Corp-C 80)13.480 : So to-gedere Faste they Ronne, And this storm tho they be-gonne, Vppon Ech of Eualache, bataylles two.
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Grail (Corp-C 80)52.454 : In Manye stormes I haue be with him, In bataylle ful Sykerle.
- a1450 St.Editha (Fst B.3)940 : Men herafter..Whollen..couet londys..þat ȝe shull ȝyff to relygiose place..Bot..holy chyrche after þat starme Shalle haue þe maystre atte lest.
- c1475(c1399) Mum & S.(1) (Cmb Ll.4.14)3.104 : They mornyd for þe morthir of manffull knyȝtis, That many a styff storme with-stode for þe comunes.
b
- (a1460) Vegetius(2) (Pmb-C 243)2876 : Awaite vppon the toppe Good archery; the storm of shot as hail So rayketh on, thei dar not shewe her croppe.
c
- a1450(?c1421) Lydg.ST (Arun 119)3406 : Whan the stormes and þe sharp shour Of her wepyng was somwhat ouergon, The lytil cors was grauen vnder ston.
d
- a1400 NVPsalter (Vsp D.7)1.1 : In strete of sinfulle noght he stode, Ne sat in setel ofe storme vngode [L cathedra pestilentiæ].
3.
As surname.
Associated quotations
- (1206) CRR(2) 4244 : Willelmus Storm.
- (1287) Leet R.Norwich in Seld.Soc.58 : Willelmus Storm.
- (1297) Sub.R.Yks.in YASRS 16122 : Simon Storme.
- (1308) Feet Fines Kent in Archaeol.Cant.11321 : John Storm.
- (1350) Let.Bk.Lond.F (Gldh LetBk F)225 : Nicholas Storme.
- -?-(1436) Reg.Freemen York in Sur.Soc.96151 : Robertus Storme, skynner.
- -?-(1470-71) Reg.Freemen York in Sur.Soc.96191 : Thomas Storme, shirman, fil. Roberti Storme, skynner.