Middle English Dictionary Entry
stǒmblen v.
Entry Info
Forms | stǒmblen v. Also stomble, stombelen, stombil, stoumble, stumble(n, stumbel(en, stumbellen, stumbil(le, stumbul & stomlen, stō̆melen, stumlen, stummelen & (error) stonielyn; sg.3 stombleth, etc. & stomblitȝ, stumblit; ppl. stomblinge, etc. & (error) stubling; p. stombled(e, etc. & stomblod, stombeld(e, stumbilde. |
Etymology | Prob. ON: cp. Norw., Swed. dial. stumla, Dan. dial. stumle; for sense 3 cp. MDu. stommelen to overturn (sth.). |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) Of a person, an animal: to stumble; trip; walk unsteadily; stagger so as to keep from falling; also in fig. contexts; (b) ~ at, to trip over (sth.); bump into (sth.); ~ at rishe and rote, trip over everything, go nowhere; ~ ayen, bump into (sth.); ~ in (to), fall into (sth.); ~ middes of, stumble into the middle of (sth.); ~ on (upon), trip over (sth.); -- sometimes in fig. contexts; (c) to fall down; fall in battle; ~ adoun (doun); (d) ~ on hors, to lose (one's) balance on horseback; (e) ~ ayenes (on), of a vehicle or wheel: to collide against (sth.), run over; (f) in proverbs and prov. expressions.
Associated quotations
a
- a1325 Gloss.Bibbesw.(Cmb Gg.1.1)19 : Garzoun ou garce li deit suire Qu'il ne cece, [glossed:] stomble [vr. stumble], ne ni chece.
- c1330(?a1300) Guy(2) (Auch)p.464 : Amoraunt on þe hod he smot, Þat he stumbled in þe..place.
- c1350 MPPsalter (Add 17376)108.9 : Be hys sones made stumbland [L Nutantes], & biggen hij.
- c1380 Vncomly in (Arun 292)17 : Þu stomblest and stikes fast as þu were lame.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Tob.11.10 : Rijsinge vp, þe blinde fader, stubling [vr. stumblende; L offendens] with þe feet, began to rennen.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)85a/a : Þe blinde..stomleþ.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)6521 : Ful many on stumble vp and down Of þe greces of syre glotown.
- c1400(a1376) PPl.A(1) (Trin-C R.3.14)9.28 : For stande he neuere so stif, he stumbliþ [vrr. stumblit, stomblitȝ, stumbelyth, stombelith, stombleþ, stomelith] in þe waggyng.
- (c1400) Higd.(1) (Hrl 1900)533 : Oon of the children..cam yn with the kynges cuppe and stombled [vr. stomelede] with his oon fote.
- a1425(?c1350) Ywain (Glb E.9)1848 : Þare stombild my palfray; On þe brig he fell al flat.
- a1425 *Medulla (Stnh A.1.10)13b/b : Cespito: to stomble [Pep: stumbyll; StJ-C: stomelyn].
- a1425 *Medulla (Stnh A.1.10)34a(1)/a : Impigno..stomblen [Hrl 1738: stombelyn].
- ?a1425 *MS Htrn.95 (Htrn 95)151b/b : A wode hounde..stumbelles hider & þider as he were drunken.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)503 : Tryppyn, or stoomelyn: Cespito.
- c1450 *Bk.Marchalsi (Hrl 6398)37a : If þat he go stumbeland [vr. stumlande] as þou he shold falle..ne take hym noght on hande, for he ne is but dede.
- c1460 Dub.Abraham (Dub 432)125 : Loke wele þat his horse go rownde And þat he stumbel not.
- ?c1475 *Cath.Angl.(Add 15562)122b : To Stumbyll [Monson: Stumbylle]: Cespitare, Inpingere, titubare, vacillare.
- a1500(c1340) Rolle Psalter (UC 64)19.8 : We..dredis to sitt on proude horsis that will stumbill and gere vs breke oure neke.
- a1500(?a1400) Torrent (Chet 8009)660 : Torrant..sawe hyme bacward Rond [read: Ren]..Stomlyng thurrow frythe and fen.
- a1605(?a1430) Lydg.Pilgr.(Stw 952(2))23093 : This horse..hathe..fowr fette hym to susteyne; and elles..with thre, tweyne, or with one..he shuld..stomble aye, and gon a-myse.
b
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Jer.31.9 : I shal leden hem bi stef stremes of watris in a riȝt weie, þei shul not stumblen [L non impingent] in it.
- c1400(a1376) PPl.A(1) (Trin-C R.3.14)5.198 : Glotoun..stumblide [vrr. stombeld, stumbuled, stomblod, stomelid, stumles; B vr. stomlid; C: stomblede; vr. stomlede] on þe þresshewold & fel to þe erþe.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)5.3507 : Blind Baiard cast pereil of no þing Til he stumble myddes of þe lake.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)481 : Stummelyn or hurtelyn a-ȝen a stole or clogge or oþer lyke: Impingo.
- a1450 Castle Persev.(Folg V.a.354)934 : Whanne þou sterystis or starystis or stumble upon stonys, I lepe as a lyon.
- ?c1450 Recipe MS Bühler 21 in SML Baugh (Mrg B 21)291 : Sweche mown be lekenyt to a blynd man..þow he be felyng alone may goon, Sone he may stumbelyn on a ston.
- (1451) Capgr.St.Gilb.(Add 36704)123/13 : Sche stombeled at a blok whech was hid with straw and þus fel sodeynly.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)161/289 : To slepe a lytyll whyle I am hevy heed and footte; I xulde stumbyll at resch and root, And I xuld goo a myle.
- c1475(1392) *MS Wel.564 (Wel 564)83a/a : A wood hound..stumbliþ comounly at alle þingis þat he metiþ.
- a1500(?a1325) Otuel & R (Fil)1665 : Hys hors stomblyd at a stone.
- a1500(c1410) Dives & P.(Htrn 270)2.207 : Hoso gadryth tresouris with a lyynge tunge..schal stumblyn to þe snarys of deth.
- a1500 Ale (BodPoet e.1)p.287 : Ale mak many a mane to stombyl at a stone.
c
- a1425 PPl.C (Lond-U V.88)1.113 : He stombled doun fro his stool..And brak his nekke-bon in tuo.
- c1450(c1425) Brut-1419 (Cmb Kk.1.12)378/27 : Þanne þeȝe Frenschmen come prikkyng doun as þei wolde haue ouyr-rydyn alle oure meyne; but God and our archers made hem sone to stomble.
- c1450 *Bk.Marchalsi (Hrl 6398)37a : Hym shal comyn þe syne for to stomblyn, and dyen.
- c1450 Siege Troy(1) (ArmsAr 22)115/1456 : He smot achilles on þe krowne Þat al-most he stombled adone.
d
- a1500 Parton.(1) (Add 35288)4140 : Partonope..on hym so fersly gan laste That on hys horse he stombelde and felle.
e
- a1450(1408) Vegetius(1) (Dc 291)152/21 : Þey ordeined calketrappes of yren, þe whiche þey þrewe..vndir þe wheles of þe charus, and ȝif þe wheles stombled aȝenst eny of hem, or þe schaar schulde ouerþrowe or elles sticke stille.
- a1450(1408) Vegetius(1) (Dc 291)152/28 : Þre pikes or tyndes stent on þe grounde and þe fourþe stant vpriȝt..and ȝif eny cariage stombliþ þeronne, hit stikiþ fast or ouerþroweþ.
f
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Prov.19.2 : Who is hastif with feet stumbleþ [WB(2): hirtith].
- a1450(?c1421) Lydg.ST (Arun 119)2962 : Ȝouth allas be counsail wil not wyrke, For which ful ofte he stumbleth in the dyrke.
- a1425(c1333-52) Minot Poems (Glb E.9)4/88 : Þe Scottes gaudes might no thing gain, For all þai stumbilde at þat stile.
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Hrl 1766)9.3386 : An hors with foure feet may stoumble anoon and slydre.
- a1450(?1404) As þe see (Dgb 102)89 : Many can stomble at a stre.
- c1475(c1450) Idley Instr.(Cmb Ee.4.37)1.621 : He that renneth fast may stomble on stonys.
- 1532-1897(c1385) Usk TL (Thynne:Skeat)72/92 : [If] the blynde in bering of the lame ginne stomble, bothe shulde falle.
2.
(a) To trip morally; sin; be confused; err in judgment or action; ~ in, fall into (sin); ~ upon min ouen train, compound my own confusion; (b) to blunder in speaking, make a verbal slip; also, of a person or pen: blunder in written expression; ~ forth, write in an awkward or a blundering manner; (c) ?to dip haphazardly (into tales); (d) scapen stomblinge doun, to become impetuous, turn out to be rash.
Associated quotations
a
- c1390 I wolde witen (Vrn)73 : Þus men stumble & sere heore wittes And meueþ maters mony and fele.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)4.621 : Thus despute I loves lore, Bot help ne finde I noght the more, Bot stomble upon myn oghne treine And make an ekinge of my peine.
- a1400 Ihesu þat al þis (Mert 248)28 : Þat I may helde my penaunce & stomble naȝt þerinne.
- a1450(a1396) Hilton CPerf.(Paris angl.41)25 : Þe loue mai snapere and stumble and erre, eiþer be ouer-mychil eiþer ouer-litil.
- ?a1475(a1396) *Hilton SP (Hrl 6579)1.68.46b : If a man hadde knowynge of clergie and of al diuinite and is nouȝt soþfastli meke, he schal erren and stumblen an take þat on for þat oþer.
- c1475 Body Pol.(Cmb Kk.1.5)169/18 : Whoo that resisteth agayn their powr, he stombeleth or mysgydeth himselfe agayn the ordynaunce of God.
- a1500(c1340) Rolle Psalter (UC 64)25.1 : I shal not be seke, that is, i shal noght stumbul, thof i be among synneful men.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)2928 : Soche stirrynges ger stumble þat stidfast wold be.
b
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)prol.34 : My penne..stumbleth ay for faute of eloquence For to reherse or writen any word.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.4733 : Riȝt so wil I stumble forþe on [read: of] hede For vnkonnyng..So as I can, hir bewte to discriue.
- 1530(c1450) Mirror Our Lady (Fawkes)51 : Yf yt happe..that any..fayle or stomble, or be dystracte from saynge or hering of eny worde or verse..he ought not for sayng therof leue of his syngyng.
c
- c1600(?c1395) PPl.Creed (Trin-C R.3.15)591 : Now mot a frere studyen & stumblen in tales, And leuen his matynes & no masse singen, And loken hem lesynges þat likeþ þe puple.
d
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Ecclus.30.8 : Þe vntame hors shal scapen hard, & þe slowe sone shal scapen stumbling doun [WB(2): heedi; L præceps].
3.
In phrase: ~ doun, to bring (sb.) to ruin; destroy (sth.), confound; overthrow (death).
Associated quotations
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Eccl.10.12 : Þe lippis of þe vnwise shul stumblen [WB(2): caste] hym doun.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Is.19.3 : Tobroken shal ben þe spirit of egipt in his bowelis, & his counseil I shal stumblen doun.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Is.25.8 : He shal stumble doun [L præcipitabit] deþ in to euer-lasting, & don awei shal þe lord god eche tere fro alle face.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Lam.2.2 : Stumblede [vr. threȝ] doun þe lord & sparede not alle þe faire thingis of iacob.