Middle English Dictionary Entry
stingen v.
Entry Info
Forms | stingen v. Also sting(e, stingge, stink(en; sg.3 stingeth, etc. & (error) skynkgeth; pl. stingen, etc. & stingon; p.sg.3 stō̆ng(e, stang(e, stank & (error) stongen; sbj. (early) stunge; pl. stong(e(n, -on, stang, stoungen, stungen, stungge(n; ppl. i)stunge(n, istung, i)stong(e(n, stongine, stongge(n, -on, -un, stongke, stoungen, istounge, (N) stangen, (early) ȝestungen & stoungid & (error) sting. |
Etymology | OE stingan, stincgan; p. stang, *stong (cp. ofstong, p. of ofstingan); pl. stungon; ppl. gestungen (from gestingan). |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
Note: Cp. stangen v.
1.
(a) To pierce, stab; -- also used of a spear, nail, thorn, stone, etc.; also fig.; ~ under gore, fig. have sexual intercourse; (b) to stab (sb., a horse); pierce (the body or a part of the body); med. to lance (a swelling or lesion); also fig.; -- also used of a spear [quot. 1372]; beat (a wolf with staves) [quot. ?a1300, 1st]; ?nail (Jesus on the cross) [quot. c1300]; ~ to (the) deth, kill (sb.) by stabbing; (c) ppl. stungen, of cloth or clothing: pierced (with stitches), pricked through; (d) to thrust (sth.), push, insert; -- also without obj.
Associated quotations
a
- c1275(?c1250) Owl & N.(Clg A.9)515 : A sumere chorles awedeþ..wane he haueþ ido his dede, Ifallen is al his boldhede; Habbe he istunge under gore, Ne last his luue no leng more.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)4083 : Finees..slug Zabri for godes luuen, Hise hore bi-neðe and him abuuen; Ðurg and ðurg boðen he stong Wið hise gisarme sarp & long.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)17052 : Cummen it es þe nu þe suerd þat thoru þi hert stang.
- a1400 Cursor (Trin-C R.3.8)18022 : On tre I dud hem him to hynge And nailes þourȝe feet & hondes stinge [Ld: styngge; Goöt: to sting].
- c1430(c1386) Chaucer LGW (Benson-Robinson)1729 : Myn husbonde is to longe out of this toun, For which the drede doth me so to smerte That with a swerd it stingeth to myn herte.
- c1450(a1449) Lydg.SSecr.(Sln 2464)885 : Off Prynces Eerys they [flatterers] be tabourerys..With ther touch they stynge wers than brerys.
- ?a1450 MLChrist (Add 39996)2898 : Longius..putt þe spere fro hym sone, To oure Lordes hert hit stong Þat blode & water out sprong.
- c1450(?a1400) Parl.3 Ages (Add 31042)446 : The stone thurghe his stele helme stongen [vr. stang] in-to his brayne.
- a1500(?a1400) SLChrist (Hrl 3909)5924 : Thow mon..garlond þou has of flouris faire & bryȝt schynyng, and for me, God, a crowne þou mas of thornes strong & scharp stingyng.
- a1500 GRom.(Add 9066)205 : The devels wenten about and so prikked and stongen that all mankynd shuld perissh.
b
- a1225(?OE) Lamb.Hom.(Lamb 487)121 : Mid irenen neilen he wes on þere rode ifestned, and mid speres orde to þere heorte istungen.
- a1200(?OE) Trin.Hom.(Trin-C B.14.52)205 : His side was mid spere istungen.
- a1200(?OE) Trin.Hom.(Trin-C B.14.52)209 : Wile his heorte aken and smerten alse his side sholde ȝif me him mid spere stunge.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)5668 : Traher king he þer fond & mid spere hine stong.
- ?a1300 Fox & W.(Dgb 86)292 : Þo hede þe wreche fomen I-nowe..Mid staues and speres he wes I-stounge.
- ?a1300 Stond wel moder (Dgb 86)23 : Sone, I se þi bodi I-swonge, Þine honde, þine fet, þi bodi I-stounge.
- c1300 Lay.Brut (Otho C.13)5570 : Eleyne..spac wiþ holde of Iues..and hii hire gonne reade þat finde heo solde þe Rode þat Crist vre Louerd þar-on was i-stonge.
- c1330(?a1300) Arth.& M.(Auch)6424 : King Arthour..And alle þe oþer..mani of hem to deþ sting.
- c1330 Body & S.(5) (Auch)p.58 : A þousand fendes on him dong..Wiþ hote speres he was ystong [vr. stonggun] And wiþ þer hokes al torent.
- a1350 SMChron.(RwlPoet 145)370 : Many..sayde samfayle þat with þat spere smerte Oure lorde was stongen to þe herte.
- 1372 Behold þe þornes (Adv 18.7.21)p.53 : Behold þe spere myn herte hat stungen.
- 1372 Þe garlond þt (Adv 18.7.21)35 : Þink on my rith side, Hou it was stoungen with a spere.
- (c1385) Chaucer CT.Kn.(Manly-Rickert)A.1079 : He caste his eye vpon Emelya And ther with al he bleynte and cride 'A' As thogh he stongen were vnto the herte.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)7.1048 : The thridde signe is Gemini..Hise propre Monthe..is the lusti Maii, Whanne..love of his pointure stingeth..The youthe of every creature.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)20545 : Mi hert þai stungen [Trin-C: stang] wit a sper.
- c1400(?a1300) KAlex.(LdMisc 622)3725 : He..smyteþ a duk Arabian, Þorouȝ shelde and armes, lyuer and lunge, And to þe deþ haþ hym stunge.
- a1450(c1400-25) Legat Serm.PD (Wor F.10)10/34 : Was he nat i-nailid hond & foot for þi loue, was he nat i-stung to þe herte with a scharpe spere for þi loue?
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Grail (Corp-C 80)49.314 : On Croys I-don thow were and there-vppon I-stongen with a spere.
- a1450 Castle Persev.(Folg V.a.354)3359 : A knyt wyth a spere so smert..stonge þe, Lord, vnto þe hert.
- a1450 Dial.Bern.& V.(2) (Cmb Dd.1.1)117 : Þou saw þi sone wiþ naylis sting [?read: stung] & on a tre þei heng him heye.
- a1450 Gener.(1) (Mrg M 876)5000 : He smote thoo Ageyn Abel With his spere sharp and strong That thurgh the bodie he him stoong.
- a1450 LChart.Chr.A (Add 11307)32/139 : Wiþ spere of stil myn herte þei stongon [vr. I was stongyne].
- c1450(c1400) Sultan Bab.(Gar 140)533 : Many a steede wente ther a-straye And leyen at the grounde I-stonge, That resyn never aftyr that day.
- c1450(c1415) Roy.Serm.(Roy 18.B.23)134/7 : I will not trowe itt..but ȝiff I putt my fynger in ys side þer he was..stonggon with þe spere.
- (a1460) Bokenham Sts. (Adv Abbotsford B3)106.552 (v.2:p.156) : Kenefrid the leche .. biforn hir deth hir soore did stynge.
- a1475 Siege Troy(1) (Hrl 525)209/1791h : There was many a blody syde..And many thorow with sperys stong.
- ?a1475(a1396) *Hilton SP (Hrl 6579)1.35.21b : Sodeinli..þe þinkiþ as þou seiȝe in þi sowle þi lord ihesu..and how he was taken of þe Iewes..Also of þe croune of þornes vpon his hefd and of þe scharpe spere þat stank hym to þe herte.
- c1450(a1375) Octav.(2) (Clg A.2)1 : Iesu..was wyth spere ystounge.
- a1500(?a1400) SLChrist (Hrl 3909)5852 : Cristes hede..with thornus kene ful bitterly was stongen [L pungitur] tho.
- a1500(c1410) Dives & P.(Htrn 270)2.301 : Wherfor þis pellican, Crist Iesus..suffryd to ben..hongyn on þe cros as a þef amongis þeuys and ben stoungyn to þe herte with þe scharpe spere.
- ?a1500 Henslow Recipes (Henslow)72/3 : Þenne cam longes þyder and stonge hym with hys spere in þe side.
c
- c1600(?c1395) PPl.Creed (Trin-C R.3.15)553 : Þei schapen her chapolories..And launceþ..heiȝe her hemmes..Þei ben y-sewed wiþ whiȝt silk & semes full queynte, Y-stongen wiþ stiches þat stareþ as siluer.
d
- ?a1200(OE) Hrl.MQuad.(Hrl 6258B)253/9 : Wið blodryne of nebbe firȝinbuccan..þæs lifer ȝebrited wið ecede & on nosþurlo ȝestungen: wunderlice raðe hyt þat blodrune ȝestilleð.
- ?a1200(?OE) PDidax.(Hrl 6258b)41/27 : Potus prouocans vomitum..Nim..an feðere and dyppe on ele and stynge on hys muþe, [etc.].
2.
(a) Of a snake, toad, fly, etc.: to bite; bite (sb., a bird); also fig.; ~ to (the) deth, kill (sb., a horse) by biting; ppl. stinginge, biting; ppl. stungen, bitten; (b) of a scorpion, bee, hornet, etc.: to wound with its stinger, sting; sting (sb., an animal, a part of the body); also fig.; also in proverbs; -- also used of the stinger [1st quot.]; ~ in, thrust (a stinger) in, insert; ppl. stinginge as adj.: stinging; also fig.
Associated quotations
a
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)17413 : Wass þatt laþe wesste all full Off aness kinness neddress..Off swillc firene kinde Þatt whase stungenn wass þurrh hemm He swallt þurrh firess wunde.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)17441-3 : Þa neddress þatt stungenn þe menn Þeȝȝ tacnenn alle sinness Þatt stingenn & þurrhwundenn all Þatt bodiȝ & tatt sawle Þatt lufeþþ aȝȝ..To follȝhenn fule þæwess.
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)45/3 : Herst tu hu Salomon eueneð bacbitere to stinginde [Cleo: stiȝinde] neddre?
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)65/21 : Ȝef þu berkest aȝein, þu art hundes cunnes; ȝef þu stingest [Cleo: stinkest] aȝein, þu art neddre cundel & nawt cristes spuse.
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)118/2 : Þe hali mon wes iwunet to seggen to þe deofles neddre..'ȝef þu hauest leaue, do sting [Nero: stink] ȝef þu maht.'
- c1300 SLeg.Patr.(LdMisc 108)230 : Al fuyrie naddrene ope heom seten..Some heo gnowen, and some heo stonge, and some with scharpe tieth heom bite.
- c1300 SLeg.Patr.(LdMisc 108)232 : Þe Crapoudes..stoungen heom þoruȝ heore heortene.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)3901 : Moyses ðor made a wirme of bras..Quat stungen man so sag ðor-on, Ðat werk him sone al was vn-don.
- a1325 SLeg.(Corp-C 145)325/299 : Þe Iustice him het anon þe neddren forþ bringe And caste hom to þis holy maide þat hi ssolde hure to deþe stinge.
- a1325 SLeg.(Corp-C 145)325/308 : Þis wormes..enuenimed him & stonge uaste þat he deide on a stonde.
- c1330 7 Sages(1) (Auch)28/745 : The adder so þe grehound stang And he feled þe bite so strang.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pard.(Manly-Rickert)C.413 : Whan I dar noon oother weyes debate, Thanne wol I stynge hym with my tonge smerte In prechyng..Thus spitte I out my venym vnder hewe Of holynesse.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Sum.(Manly-Rickert)D.1995 : War fro the serpent that so sleighly crepeth Vnder the gras and styngeth [vr. stynketh, skynkgeth] subtilly.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)100b/b : Addres & serpentis stingeþ sonnere in þe vndirmeletyme þanne in þe morwetide.
- a1450(?c1421) Lydg.ST (Arun 119)3368 : The kyng sone..hath ȝolden vp the breth, Of a Serpent stonge to the deth.
- c1465(?1373) *Lelamour Macer (Sln 5)2a : Drinke þe juis wiþ wyne, and hit will hele him þat is stoungid with a naddir oþer eny oþer venyme.
- ?a1425(c1400) Mandev.(1) (Tit C.16)190/33 : Of olde tyme men hadden ben dede for deflourynge of maydenes þat hadden serpentes in hire bodyes þat stongen men vpon hire ȝerdes, þat þei dyeden anon.
- (c1438) MKempe B (Add 61823)237/26 : Thys creatur was a-bauyd to putte of hir cloþis as hyr felawys dedyn, & þerfor sche thorw hir comownyng had part of her vermyn & was betyn & stongyn ful euyl boþe day & nyght.
- c1450(c1440) Scrope Othea (StJ-C H.5)11/7 : It is nothing necessarie to the..To go and feight with serpentis stinging, With boores wilde or beres ramping.
- a1450 Dc.291 Lapid.(Dc 291)23 : Iaspe..is gode ayeins all manner wormes, & yef þer be any stonggen or enuenymed with any maner poysoun brought in place þere as Iaspe is, he shal sone be amended of his maladie & colours.
- ?a1450 Agnus Castus (Stockh 10.90)194/5 : Ȝef a man be stongge with a wenymus wyrm..or ellys hawe ony wounde, tak..for þe stynggyng þis herbe sothyn in wyn.
- c1450(?c1400) Wycl.Elucid.(StJ-C G.25)12 : Flyes & fleen..ben maid for foule pride of man þat, whan þei styngen him, he schulde biþinke him weel wiþ how litil þing god may greue & dreede þe more his grete myȝt.
- c1450(?a1422) Lydg.LOL (Dur-U Cosin V.2.16)5.180 : The worme abit as serpent vndre floures..and than sodenly, All at ones..They styng and hurte [vr. styngon in hart] and shewe her cruelte.
- ?c1450 Iff a man (Stockh 10.90)324/687 : For styngyng of nedderis dragaunce is good To drynkyn for a stongyn man Ȝif he wyll his curynge han.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)1235/21 : Cam oute an addir of a lytyll hethe-buysshe, and hit stange a knyght in the foote.
- c1475(c1399) Mum & S.(1) (Cmb Ll.4.14)3.21 : Þis beste..steleth on þe stedis to stynge hem to deth.
- a1500(c1410) Dives & P.(Htrn 270)2.300 : Þe neddre..goth into þe nest of þe pellican and styngyth hys bryddis..Be þe neddre, Y vndirstonde þe fend, whiche aperyd in þe lyknesse of a neddre to Eue and stang hyr wol euele, & Adam also.
b
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)107/8 : Scorpiun..is leccherie..Þe teil, þet is, þe ende þrof, is sar ofþunchunge & stingeð her wið atter of bitter bireowsunge.
- c1330 SMChron.(Auch)2102 : Þe ben..dede þe sarrazins miche schame, For þai hem stong [Rich.2915: stungge; vr. stunggen] in her vissage.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Ex.23.28 : Of all þin enmys before þe I schal torne þe backis, sendyng oute before styngyng flyus [vr. stynggynge flies; [WB(2): scrabrouns; L crabrones] þat ben sprongen of deed bodys hauyng þe stongis enuenymd.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.ML.(Manly-Rickert)B.406 : This scorpion..The sowdanesse, for al hir flaterynge Caste vnder this ful mortally to stynge.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)144a/b : Whanne been fiȝteþ, þey deyeþ sone þereaftir and ȝif þay styngiþ In [L infixerint] alle he[r] stonge & drawiþ nouȝt out, [etc.].
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)298b/b : By liknesse of þe..scorpioun a busche of þornes and of breres and knottes spraye of ȝerdes ben y-cleped styngyng [L aculeatus].
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)299a/b : Scorpiones y-dreynte in oyle helpeþ and socoureþ bestes þat ben y-stonge wiþ scorpiouns.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)18.154 : Of alle venymes foulest is þe scorpioun; May no medcyne helpe þe place þere he styngeth.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)225 : Þikke þowsandez..Fellen fro þe fyrmament, fendez ful blake..Hurled into helle-hole as þe hyve swarmez; Fy[lt]er fenden folk forty dayez lencþe Er þat styngande storme stynt ne myȝt.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)4.5218 : He was clos and couert in his speche..as a be þat stingeþ wiþ þe tonge Whan he haþ shad oute his hony sote.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)3.m.7.6 : Aftir that the be hath sched his agreable honyes, he fleeth awey and styngeth the hertes of hem that ben ysmyte.
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)9.486 : From hir treynys ther koude no man fleene..Shad hony first, stang aftir as doon beene.
- ?a1450 Macer (Stockh Med.10.91)71 : Emplastre planteyn rote to þat place þat a scorpion haþ stunge [vr. stongke].
- c1450(1369) Chaucer BD (Benson-Robinson)640 : Fortune..ys fals..I likne hyr to the scorpioun That ys a fals, flaterynge beste; For with his hed he maketh feste, But..With hys tayle he wol stynge And envenyme.
- a1500(1413) *Pilgr.Soul (Eg 615)5.16.98a : Þat same poepill..proevid him self venymous foule Scorpions, schewyng him at his comyng so good & freendly chier, he was stonge a non bitterly to the deth, And wonder weel may Iudas be likened to the Scorpion, for he bitith & stingith bothe two at ones.
- 1530(c1450) Mirror Our Lady (Fawkes)128 : Our swete bee Iesu cryst in hys fyrste comynge gaue hony of mercy & of pyte, But they that wyll not dyspose them to receyue this hony here shall be stonge with the tonge of sharpe rygoure at hys seconde comynge.
- 1532-1897(c1385) Usk TL (Thynne:Skeat)84/32-3,53 : 'Right as a bee that hath had his hony anon at his flight beginneth to stinge, so thilke bodily goodes..mote awaye, and than stinge they at her goinge'..'How am I now cast out of al swetnesse of blisse and mischevously stongen my passed joy!'
- c1600(?c1395) PPl.Creed (Trin-C R.3.15)648 : He schulde sonner bene schryven..Þouȝ he kilde a comlye knyȝt..Þanne a buffet to beden a beggere frere..Þer is no waspe in þis werlde þat will wilfullokr styngen.
3.
(a) Ppl. stinginge, biting or stinging to the taste [last quot.]; of pain: piercing, stabbing; (b) fig. of death: to inflict a mortal wound upon (sb.); (c) to trouble (sb.), vex, distress; also, affect (the heart) with emotion; ben stungen, feel remorse, be sorry, regret; also, be incited (to do sth.); ~ thurgh and thurgh, distress or grieve (the heart) repeatedly.
Associated quotations
a
- c1225(?c1200) HMaid.(Bod 34)32/526 : Hwen hit þenne þer to kimeð, þat sore sorhfule angoise, þet stronge & stinkinde stiche, þet unroles uuel, þet pine ouer pine, þet wondrinde ȝeomerunge.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)93a/b : If þe fumosite oþir wind is resolued and departid fro bodilich [vr. blodi; L sanguinea] matere, þache schal be stinkinge [vr. stikinge; L infixiuus].
- a1500(c1477) Norton OAlch.(Add 10302)2105 : Many thingis be of goode smylle which to taste be fownde ful ylle; For thei may be abhomynable sowre, ouyrsharpe, to bitter, or of grete horrour, Or venenous stynging, or ouyrstronge; The taste is Iuge & voidith such a-none.
b
- c1400 St.Alex.(3) (LdMisc 622)66/1017 : His cry was euere..'deþ! why nyltou me stynge?'
- ?a1430 ?Hoccl.Poems PS Compl.Virg.(Hnt HM 111)215 : By thy deeth feele I deeth me stynge.
c
- c1300 Iesu cristes milde moder (Arun 248)17 : Hise wundes sore and smerte stungen þureu and þurw þi herte.
- c1400(?c1380) Pearl (Nero A.10)179 : Þenne verez ho vp her fayre frount, Hyr vysayge whyt as playn yuore; Þat stonge myn hert ful stray atount.
- a1400 NVPsalter (Vsp D.7)4.5 : Wrethes and ne wiles sinne; Þat your hertes sayne with-inne, And in your kleues you bitwene Sar þat ye stangen bene [L compungimini].
- a1400 NVPsalter (Vsp D.7)29.15 : Þou torned mi wepinge in mi wa, In blisse to me for to ga..Þat to þe singe mi blisse wele mare, And noght sal I be stungen sare.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)667 : Oft storbis me þi statour & stingis me ȝerne Þat þi personale proporcion sa party is to myne.
- a1500(c1340) Rolle Psalter (UC 64)4.5 : Que dicitis in cordibus vestris, et in cubilibus vestris conpungimini..that ȝe say in ȝoure hertis, and..in ȝoure dennes ere stongen..sorowand ȝoure synnes.
- a1500(c1340) Rolle Psalter (UC 64)34.19 : Thai ere scatird, not stungen [L compuncti]..for hardnes of hert thai ware not stongen to doe penaunce.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
- ?a1425 LChart.Chr.A (RwlPoet 175)139 : With þe spere of stele my hert þai strungen [Vrn: stongen], Thurgh my hert & my longen.
Note: strengen v.(1), sense 2.(c) or (d) is virtually impossible. strengen v.(2) is also impossible, and note that the p.ppl. is weak. thringen v., sense 5.(b) is possible for meaning, but stru- is more likely as error for stu- than shru-.--per REL
Note: Probably best to call this word an error for stingen v. rather than the other possibilties listed on back of slip.--per REL