Middle English Dictionary Entry
spoilen v.
Entry Info
Forms | spoilen v. Also spoil(e, spoili, spoille(n, spoli(on, spol(l)en, spoule, spuile(n, spulen & (errors) spoliede, spylyn; sg.3 spoileth, etc. & (error) spiliþ; p.pl. spoilden, etcuild & ispoil(l)ed. |
Etymology | From OF espoillier, (?AF) espuler, AF espuiller, espoiller, espolier & L spoliāre. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
Note: Cp. despoilen v. & espolen v.
1.
(a) To strip (sb.) of clothes, undress; strip (sb.) of (his clothes); refl. undress oneself; remove (one's clothing); ~ naked, strip (sb., oneself) to the skin; also fig.; ppl. spoiled, stripped of clothing; of a leopard: rid of (its spots); (b) ~ of, to strip (sb., a corpse) of (clothing); strip (a lamb) of (its fleece or skin); cause (the head) to lose (hair); spoiled of, of a leopard: rid of or lacking (its spots); (c) to strip (a dead warrior) of arms or armor, despoil; also, perform an act of despoilation [quot. c1450]; ~ of (oute); ~ (oute) of, strip (sb.) of (arms or armor).
Associated quotations
a
- a1325(?c1300) NPass.(Cmb Gg.1.1)904 : Heroude can him anon þrete, He did him spoule and sithen bete.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Lev.6.11 : Þe prest shal be cloþed wiþ acoote & wiþ lynnen brechis..& puttynge bysides þe auter, he shal be spuled þe raþer cloþes.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)SSol.5.3 : I spoilede me my cote; hou shal I ben cloþid it?
- (a1382) WBible(1) Pref.Jer.(Bod 959)7.112 : Þe secounde knyttiþ þe noote ȝerde..þe leperd spuyld [vr. spuylide] his colours.
- c1400 PLove (Hrl 2254)41/24 : He was..most pore wanne he hangide nakide & spoiled as a blaspheme vp-on harde crosse.
- a1425(c1395) WBible(2) (Roy 1.C.8)2 Cor.5.4 : We that ben in this tabernacle..ben heuyed, for that we wolen not be spuylid, but be clothid aboue. spulen [Heng: dispoylen] hir.
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)9.1461 : Segid he was and..rent out of that tour, Spoilled cruelli.
- (1443) Proc.Chanc.in Cal.PCEliz.1.p.xliii : Willm. Wyndesore..with other..the seyde conchanon..bar owt of the chirche and spoylyd hym hys surplys.
- a1450-1509 Rich.(Brunner)2070 : The Gryffons..Grete slaughter of our Englyssh maked, And spoyled the quycke all naked.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)4962 : Þe kyng..him spoilis, Puttis of to þe selfe serke, [etc.].
- a1475(?a1430) Lydg.Pilgr.(Vit C.13)13545 : They Robbede me off my treasour..And nakyd they wolde ha spoyled me, [etc.].
- a1475(?a1430) Lydg.Pilgr.(Vit C.13)13556 : Lat hym lyn a whyle stylle, Tyl we may..Spoyllen hym at bet leyser.
- a1500(?a1450) GRom.(Hrl 7333)223 : Crist..castithe of his clothis and spoylithe him naked.
- a1500 GRom.(Glo 42)753/15 : Criste..schewys hym naked spoylede vpon þe crosse.
b
- c1330 7 Sages(1) (Auch)18/367 : Quik he het his sone take And spoili him of cloþes nake.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)31a/b : Drynes..spoyleþ þe heede of here and makeþ it balled.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)264b/b : If he [lamb] is y-spoyled ouþer of his felle ouþer of his skynne he is stille Innocent..beste.
- a1450(c1395) WBible(2) Pref.Jer.(NC 66)p.72 : The secounde by profecie schewid of the haselne ȝerd..and of the libard ispoilid of his colours
- a1500(?c1425) Spec.Sacer.(Add 36791)186/34 : After that they hadden spoilid the holy cors of hire clothynge, the body schoon with siche a clerenes, [etc.].
c
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)1 Kings 31.8 : Philisteis camen for to spooilyn [vr. to spoyl] out þe slayn men, & þei foundyn Saul..& þei spooileden hym out of þe armes.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)1 Par.10.9 : Þe philisteis..foundyn Saul..& whan þei hadden spoolid hym & gird of þe heuyd, [etc.].
- ?a1400 Mannyng Chron.Pt.1 (Petyt 511)5432 : Spoiled [Lamb: Hamon Romayn Dispoilled a Breton þat he fond slayn].
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)3.799 : Hector from his stede a-doun Discendid..Havinge in hert inly gret desire To spoilen hym of his armvure.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)3.817 : His purpos Hector may nat haue, At liberte þe riche kyng to spoille [rime: boille].
- ?a1425(?a1350) Castleford Chron.(Göt Hist 740)22601 : Þai spoilede of þase þai slogh; Þai wan gudes and armours anogh.
- c1450(?a1400) Siege Milan (Add 31042)986 : To wyn the golde þou arte a fole, Þou bygynnes sone for to spoyle.
- a1500(?a1450) GRom.(Hrl 7333)9 : He made a lawe, þat euery ded knyȝt schuld be buried in his armour and armys, And iff ony man weere so hardy for to spoyle him of his armys after þat he were y-buried, he shuld lese his life.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)6416 : Ector..The gay armur..duly dessirit..And to spoile that spilt kyng he sped ferr.
2.
(a) To pillage, loot; plunder (a country, ship, etc.), loot; ppl. spoiled as adj., of a building: pillaged; (b) to rob (sb.), dispossess; plunder (a people); impoverish (sb.) with excessive taxation, exaction, etc.; fig. rob (the soul); ~ the egipciens, ?make use of secular learning [quot. c1425]; (c) ~ of, to rob (sb.) of (sth.); dispossess (sb.) of (his country, holdings, etc.); also fig. [quots. a1425]; rob (a ship) of (treasure and riches); rifle (a place) of (sth.); divest (trees, plants) of (beauty); strip (earth, a field) of (grain); rid (water) of (saltiness); (d) of Christ: to harrow (hell); rob (hell of its captives); ?rob (the world) of souls; also, ?destroy or defeat (Satan) [quot. a1450(a1425)].
Associated quotations
a
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Ex.3.22 : A womman schall ask of here neyȝbour & of here gest sylueren & golden vessels & cloþez..& ȝe schullen spoylen Egypte.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)6.327 : After þat þe Danes hadde i-spoylled Londoun and Kent..þey were overcome..in Souþerey.
- a1400 Cursor (Frf 14)2503 : Þai spred to spoly þe lande; al þai toke be-for ham fande.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.4279 : To Menelay þe tydyngges wern brouȝt..of þe temple..How it was spoilled.
- a1450(?c1421) Lydg.ST (Arun 119)3591 : On euery cost they sent out to forraye, Brente townes..Spoyle and robbe [vr. Spoylid and robbed] and brought hom vitaille.
- a1425(c1395) WBible(2) (Roy 1.C.8)Mark 3.27 : No man may go in to a stronge mannus hous and take awey hise vessels but he bynde first the stronge man, and thanne he schal spoile his hous.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)470 : Spoylyn, or spolyon: Spolio, dispolio.
- (1442) RParl.5.61a : The Janueyes, with v grete Carrakes full armed..sodenly spoiled 11 Shippes.
- c1450(a1425) MOTest.(SeldSup 52)10430 : To þe tempyll past þei playn and spoled yt full dyspytfully.
- c1453(c1437) Brut-1436 (Hrl 53)575/15 : They ryfelt and spoilet that cuntre and praiet in catell.
- (1461) RParl.5.462b : The seid Margarete, Edward..and other Lordes..commyng from the North parties of youre seid Reame, destroiyng and spoilyng the same in their commyng, [etc.].
- a1500 Let.Alex.(Wor F.172)338 : I cam to the castels spuyled.
b
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Ex.12.36 : Þe lord ȝaue grace to þe puple before þe Egipciens þat þei wolde leene hem, & þei spoylden [vr. spuyleden] þe Egipcyens.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Ezek.45.8 : Princis shuln namore spuyle my peple, but shuln ȝeue lond to the hous of Yrael.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)85a/b : Yȝen ben enemyes & þeues & robbiþ mannes inwit; while we folewen þe desire of yȝen, we beþ made sugettis to ful cruel enemies..Mine iȝe haþ I-spoiled & robbid [L depredatus est] my soule.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)1774 : Daryus..hatz spyed a space to spoyle Caldeez.
- a1425(?c1384) Wycl.Church (Bod 788)346 : Newe customes..þei [clergy] bryngen in, by whiche þei spuylen on newe þe puple.
- c1425 Found.St.Barth.33/14 : Moyses..fyrst taught vs to spoyle the egipcians; he taught vs how we shulde answere to oure aftir cummers.
- c1450(c1415) Roy.Serm.(Roy 18.B.23)255/30,32 : For lik as oure princes and lordes spoyleth and robbeþ þer suggettus..euen so God suffreþ þe ethen princes to robb and spoile oure lordes.
- c1450(a1425) MOTest.(SeldSup 52)16940 : Hys howse and all his howshald hale was gyfyn to þe qweyne..And his tressour..to jews þat were spoled forto spyll.
- a1475(?a1430) Lydg.Pilgr.(Vit C.13)23715 : Folk that haue possessioun and ben cursed of livyng, It is leful..forto spoylle hem duely And yeve it hem that ben worthy.
- a1500(c1340) Rolle Psalter (UC 64)2.9 : Thou sall noght be tyraunt til thaim, to pil thaim & spoile thaim as wicked princes dos.
- a1500(1413) *Pilgr.Soul (Eg 615)3.7.53a : Thei..be fals meanes and sutel extorcions haue spoyled the pouere poepill.
c
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)4.63 : Þe comouns of Rome..spoylede þe temples of bras and of iren for to make hem armour þerof.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)123b/a : Haruest..spoiliþ feldis of corne and reueþ treen here fruyt.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)125a/a : Þis moneþ..makeþ þerþe bare and spiliþ [Mrg: spoyleþ; L spoliat] hit of corn & of fruyt.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)153a/b : Ryuer watir is..yclensed in veynes of welles by the whiche he passeth and is yspoilled of saltnesse.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)227a/b : Þe herbe þat semed lawhynge whil it bare floures is atte laste y-spoyled of fayrnesse.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)4.5283 : Better it is..Spoiled to ben only of richesse Þan wilfully deyen in distresse.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)5.1890 : Kynges tweyne..Spoiled my shipes of tresour & richesse.
- a1425 Dial.Reason & A.(Cmb Ii.6.39)3/18 : He þat wolde be comendid for his schap is semely spoiliþ nature of his riȝt.
- a1425 Dial.Reason & A.(Cmb Ii.6.39)21/13 : Dame fortune failiþ power to spoile vertu of his gentilnes.
- c1440 PLAlex.(Thrn)31/29 : I am spoylede & priuede of my citee.
- c1460(a1449) Lydg.Mutability MN (Hrl 2255)52 : Wyntir..Spoleth tre and herbe of al ther fresshe bewte.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)4419 : Ȝe lett men of þar libertes..Thryngis þam in-to thraldom & of thaire þede spoiles.
- (1461) RParl.5.466b : The same Henry Usurpour..sent Lettres..unto certayn Knyghts..chargyng theym..to spoile and disseise oure Soverayne Lord by the name of Erle of Marche of his possession of the seid Erledome and Citee of Chestre.
- (1472-3) RParl.6.51a : Robert Forster, Richard Farnell..and John Farnell..uppon the said Richard Williamson made assaute..and hym also..of his goodes..robbed and spoyled.
d
- c1440(?a1400) ?Nassyngton Trin.& U.(Thrn)341 : Lord Ihesu Criste..Thow spoylede hell when þou come þare And tuke owt with the all þat thyne ware.
- a1450(a1425) Mirk IPP (Cld A.2)439 : Ihesu cryst..Ded and buryed he was also, And wente to helle to spoyle oure fo.
- a1450 Mandev.(3) (BodeMus 116)65/7,9 : That tyme that he yede to helle and spolyede [Man.(2): heried] it, and in that eche maner he spoliede shal [Man.(2): sall he spoile; L spoliabit] this world and takyn hese frendys and ledyn hem to ioye withoutyn ende.
- a1500(?a1400) SLChrist (Hrl 3909)7858 : When helle is spoliet of his pray and prince of hit ouercomen is, bring liking to the worlde for Aye.
- a1500(?c1425) Spec.Sacer.(Add 36791)119/30 : Ihesu..entred in and spoylid helle and brouȝt oute his chosyn children.
3.
To seize (sth.) as booty; ~ from (of, oute of), take (sth., money) forcefully or unlawfully from (sb.); carry off (sth.) from (a place).
Associated quotations
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)3 Esd.4.5 : If þei ouercoomen, þei bringen to þe king..what euere thingis þei han spooiled euermore.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Judith 2.16 : He broȝte alle þe sonis of madian & spoilide [WB(2): robbide; L prædavit] alle þe richessis of hem.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)4.81 : His fader..spoyleþ money of men of Siria.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)1285 : Nabuzardan..Alle he spoyled..in a sped whyle Þat Salomon so mony a sadde ȝer soȝt to make.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)1.4331 : In þe temples þei dide gret offence..For al þei spoyle..And vn-to schip euery þing þei bere.
- a1425 Wycl.Serm.(Bod 788)1.21 : Siche children of þe fend..han more bisynes to spuyle fro men þer worldely goodis, as boþe þornes and bryres reven fro sheepe þer wolle.
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Grail (Corp-C 80)12.446 : Al his harneis..was Clene I-spoilled Owt of that plas Be the while Of Eualach men.
- ?a1475(?a1425) Higd.(2) (Hrl 2261)4.63 : Ther was..suche pouerte in..Rome that brasse and yrne was spoilede from temples to repaire armour.
4.
(a) To deprive (sb.) of (his glory); ~ of; (b) ~ from (of), to free (the soul, one's emotion, oneself, etc.) from (earthly goods, love of vices, etc.); spoiled of, of the heart: divested of love of (sb.); (c) of truth: to perish.
Associated quotations
a
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Job 19.9 : He spoilede me [WB(2): hath spuylid me of] my glorie & he tooc awei þe crowne fro myn heued.
b
- ?a1425 Orch.Syon (Hrl 3432)174/4 : In þe first gree, þei han spoilid þe foot of affeccioun fro delectacioun of vices.
- ?a1425 Orch.Syon (Hrl 3432)225/33 : Þis soule..was spoilid fro þe loue of ony meede, inasmyche as sche louede me wiþouten consideracioun of ony reward.
- ?a1425 Orch.Syon (Hrl 3432)339/3 : For my loue, he haþ spoilid hymsilf fro temperal goodis, forsakynge þe world.
- ?a1425 Orch.Syon (Hrl 3432)350/35 : Sich special loue makiþ him make his herte nakid & spoylid of euery oþir creature which he louede sencibly.
- ?a1425 Orch.Syon (Hrl 3432)368/11 : Summe þere ben þat oonli kepen þe counceilis mentaly, spoilynge her affeccioun fro richessis.
- ?a1475(a1396) *Hilton SP (Hrl 6579)2.31.106b : Spoile [L Expoliantes] ȝour self of þe olde man with alle his dedis, þat is, kaste fro ȝow þe luf of þe werld with alle werdly maners.
- c1475 Wisd.(Folg V.a.354)1136 : Spoyll yow [Vulg. Col.3.9: exspoliantes] of yowr olde synnys and foly Ande be renuyde in gode knowynge ageyn.
c
- (1450) God be oure (Magd-O Charter Misc.306)5 : False for ther money reuleth! Trewth for his tales spolleth!
5.
To cut up or carve (a fowl).
Associated quotations
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)470 : Spylyn [Win: Spoylyn], or dymembryn as menn don caponys or other fowlys: Artuo.
- c1475 Eg.Terms Carver in Hodgkin Proper Terms (Eg 1995)56 : Henne ys spoylyde.
- a1500 Ashm.Terms Carver in Hodgkin Proper Terms (Ashm 189)58 : A Hen spoyled.