Middle English Dictionary Entry
sǒuth n.(2)
Entry Info
Forms | sǒuth n.(2) Also sout, (N) souht, sud, (K) zouth & (error) sowre. |
Etymology | From sǒuth adj.; also cp. OE sūþ (glossing L merīdies the south & auster south wind) & the phrases be sūþan, be sūþe. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) The southern cardinal point or its direction; also, the point representing south on an astrolabe; ?also, north [= borias in quot. 1483, but prob. erron.]; in-to the ~, facing south; o ~, to the south; verrei ~, due south; wind of the ~, a wind from the south; (b) bi ~, southward, in or to the south; also, as prep.: south of; also, as noun: a southerly direction [quot. c1450]; bi the ~; est (west, south-est, south-west) and bi ~, naut. one compass point south of east (west, southeast, southwest); est bi ~, the first division south of the east line on an astrolabe [some exx. in (b) may be shortened forms of OE be sūþan but are more conveniently treated here; (c) in phrases indicating universality: bi north and (and bi, ne bi, no bi, or) ~, etc., everywhere, anywhere, etc.; from est to west from north to ~, from the ~ til the north, of north and ~, everywhere; (d) ?error for sonne n.
Associated quotations
a
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)11258 : All þiss middellærd iss ec O fowwre daless dæledd -- Onn Æst, o Wesst, o Suþ, o Norrþ.
- (1236) Grant Dudindale in Archaeol.Cant.15364 : Duas acras de gavelikendia, jacentes juxta terram Petronille de Hoddesdon', que est versus Suth'.
- c1300 SLeg.Kenelm (LdMisc 108)12 : A-bouten eiȝte hondret mile Engelond long is, Fran [read: Fram] þe South into þe North.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)6 : Engelond..Fram souþe to norþ..is long eiȝte hondred Mile.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)124/22 : Þise byeþ þe uour tours ine þe uour cornyeres of þe house of þe guode manne..Temperan[ce] aye þet zouþ..Strengþ aye þet norþ.
- c1350 MPPsalter (Add 17376)77.30 : God..bare ouer þe wynde of þe souþe [L austrum] fram þe heuen.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Ezek.47.1 : The waters wenten doun in to the riȝt syde of the temple, to the south [L ad meridiem] of the auter.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)6.862 : The wyndes of the South Ben most of alle debonaire.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)2117 : Þis land lies mast vnto þe south [Göt: souht] þer þe blamen mast er cuth.
- c1400 Apoc.(2) (Hrl 171)113/2 : Þis Ierusalem hadde..þre ȝatis to þe norþ, þre ȝatis to þe souþ.
- a1425 Wel were hym (CmbAdd 5943)11 : Al men myȝt y-knowe how here hert & moȝt stent as ryȝt as norþe & sowþe to þylke hy but sowe.
- ?a1425(c1400) Mandev.(1) (Tit C.16)104/7 : Beȝonde þat partie toward the south to passe by the see Occean is a gret lond.
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)1041 : To þe sowre [read: sowþe] of the reke he soghte at þe gayneste.
- a1450(1391) Chaucer Astr.(Benson-Robinson)1.15.3 : Thyn Astrelabie is also divided with a longe croys in 4 quarters, from est to west, fro southe to northe.
- a1450(1391) Chaucer Astr.(Benson-Robinson)2.28.24 : These signes arisen evermore bitwexe the verrey est and the verrey south in oure orisonte.
- c1450 Alph.Tales (Add 25719)62/14 : In Assenech chawmer was þer iij wyndows, ane at þe suthe, a noder at þe este, & þe iij at þe weste.
- c1460 Oseney Reg.49/18 : All the water..renneth vndur the same brugge vnto þe Ryuer of themse towarde þe sowth and towarde þe North.
- 1483 Cath.Angl.(Monson 168)350 : Þe Sowthe: Auster, borias, meridianum.
- a1500(c1410) Dives & P.(Htrn 270)1.113 : Qhy wurshepe we God and preye to hym more into þe est þan into þe west, south, or north?
b
- c1300 SLeg.Brendan (LdMisc 108)610 : Þe feorþe dai heo i-seiȝen ane yle albi souþe an heiȝ.
- (c1300) Havelok (LdMisc 108)2828 : Led..Bisouþe þe borw un-to a grene..And þere..bunden til a stake.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)2551 : Þou miȝt siker be bisouþe homber.
- c1330(?c1300) Bevis (Auch)16/363 : In to anoþr londe I schel þe sende Fer be souþe.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)6.5 : Dorchestre is sevene myle besouthe þe citee Oxenford.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)177b/b : Þe cuntrees strecchen to þe Ryuer Dambius..and by souþe and passeth estwarde into þe see.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)5.336 : Robyn þe ropere arose bi þe southe And nempned hym for a noumpere.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)466 : Sowthely, or sum what be sowth'e: Australis.
- a1450(1391) Chaucer Astr.(Benson-Robinson)1.21.18 : I seie not that thei [southern stars] arisen alle by southe the est lyne..Generaly understond this rewle, that thilke sterres..arisen after the degre of her longitude.
- a1450(1391) Chaucer Astr.(Benson-Robinson)2.31.21 : Than is it divided in smale parties of azymutz, as est, and est by south, where as is the first azymut above the est lyne.
- c1475(?c1425) Avow.Arth.(Tay 9:French&Hale)746 : He sayd he was knoun and couthe, And was comun fro bi southe.
- ?c1475 Direct.Sailing in Hak.Soc.79 (Lnsd 285)14 : At the nedlis it flowith south est and by south..Portlande and bery land is est and by north, west and by south.
- ?c1475 Direct.Sailing in Hak.Soc.79 (Lnsd 285)15 : Huschaunt and the Ram hede northest and by north, southwest and by south.
- ?c1475 Direct.Sailing in Hak.Soc.79 (Lnsd 285)18 : Yif ye have a quarter tide at the flat holme, ye may goo est north est or est and by south and go ovir Langborde with Ketils wode with a gode ship.
- a1500(a1400) Cleges (Adv 19.1.11)485 : An harpor sange a gest be mowth Of a knyȝt there be sowth.
- -?-(1377) Tenants in Som.Dor.NQ 13274 : Yatmister schal not comyn bi Sowthe the high wey lying betwene Chetnolle and Lye not er michaell eve.
c
- (c1300) Havelok (LdMisc 108)434 : Crist warie him with his mouth! Waried wrthe he of norþ and suth!
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)5063 : Þat lond..Al bar wiþoute defence, binorþe & eke bisouþe.
- a1350 Ichot a burde in boure (Hrl 2253)44 : Bi est, bi west, by norþ ant souþ, þer nis fiele ne crouþ þat such murþes makeþ.
- c1330(?a1300) Guy(2) (Auch)p.412 : Þai miȝt him no-whar fende Bi norþ no bi souþe.
- c1390 Susan.(Vrn)255 : Was neuer more serwful segge..nor..neuer a soriore siht bi norþ ne bi souþ.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)22139 : Fra est to west, fra north to soth [Göt: suth; Phys-E: suthe], He sal do mak his sarmun cuth.
- c1400(?a1300) KAlex.(LdMisc 622)161 : For men seiþ by north and south Wymmen beeþ euere selcouþ.
- a1425(a1400) PConsc.(Glb E.9 & Hrl 4196)4281 : Fra þe southe til þe north, alswa His lawes and his power sal ga.
- c1450(a1400) Libeaus (Clg A.2)135 : Well swyde sprong hys name, Be norþ and be souþe.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)37/477 : What fowll best myght..bryng..Of mercy som tokynyng Ayther bi north or southe?
- a1605(?a1500) Lond.Lickpenny (Hrl 542)29 : I..seyd..by nowrd and by sowde I am defraudyd with great falshed.
d
- c1382 WBible(1) (Dc 369(1))) Josh.12.1 : South risynge [L ad solis ortum; Bod 959: þe sonys of Jrael..weeldedyn þe lond of hem, byȝonde Iordan, at þe sonne arisynge].
2.
(a) A southern region; a southern part of a particular country or region; the southern regions of the world; quene of the ~, the Queen of Sheba; (b) the southern part of Britain; (c) the southern part of the sky.
Associated quotations
a
- a1300 A Mayde Cristes (Jes-O 29)100 : Alle heo beoþ to his honde, est & west, norþ and suþ.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Josh.12.8 : In asseroth & in þe wildernes & in þe souþ was Ethee & ammorre, chanane & pherese.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)2 Kings 24.7 : Þei camen to þe south [L meridiem] of Juda in to bersabee.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Mat.12.42 : The queen of the south shal ryse in dome with this generation and shal condempne it.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)1.3330 : At his [dragon's] þrote þer issed oute..A flawme of fire..liche þe leuene þat dovn by þe southe Out of þe est is wont in tempest smyte.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)2.m.6.30 : Nero governede alle the peples that the vyolent wynd Nothus scorklith..that is to seyn, al the peple in the south.
- ?c1450(a1388) Wallingford Exafrenon (Dgb 67)233 : Mars, when he is the lorde of yere..the wynter til them of the north he temperis, and the somere to them in the sowthe he makis owre hote.
- ?a1450 Macer (Stockh Med.10.91)195 : Ditayne is habondant in þe souþ.
- c1484(a1475) Caritate SSecr.(Tak 38)195/8 : Be þe dyuysiounis of þe world iiij, þat is to sey, þe est, þe west, þe north, and þe sowth.
- a1500(1422) Yonge SSecr.(Rwl B.490)185/10 : Than came to hym..al the Prynces of the Southe of Irland and be-came lege men.
- a1500 Leg.Cross BC(1) (Wor F.172)221 : Therfor that beame lay ther vnto the tyme that the Quene of the Sowth, Sibile bi name, in to Jerusalem to here the sapience and wisdom of Salamon.
b
- c1300 Lay.Brut (Otho C.13)15079 : Cadwalþan..king was bi suþe.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)172 : Fram þe souþ tilþ to þe norþ, erninge stret, & fram est to þe west, ykenilde stret.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)2.163 : Men of þe est wiþ men of þe west..acordeþ more in sownynge of speche þan men of þe norþ wiþ men of þe souþ.
- ?a1400(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.2 (Petyt 511)p.19 : Alle þe kynges..cleymed him [Adelwolf] for þer chefe of West & of Est, Of North & of South, in length & in brede Fro Kent vntille Berwik.
- c1400 Brut-1333 (Rwl B.171)26/9 : Belyn..made iiij real waies, one..fram þe North into þe South, þat was callede Ikenyle strete.
- a1450(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.1 (Lamb 131)2382 : Þe Duk of Cornewaille Al þe souþ tyl hym gan taylle.
c
- c1390 To loue (Vrn)199 : So briht so sonne in Souþe [rime: mouþe].
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)108a/a : An oþir cercle þat hatte paralellus is antraticus also & is in þe souþ aforn þe norþ cercle þat hatte paralellus articus.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)137a/a : Whanne þe sonne is in þe souþ, þe reynbow is..in þe north.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)7.140 : I..seighe þe sonne in þe south sitte þat tyme.
- a1450(?c1421) Lydg.ST (Arun 119)4257 : Phebus..fro the south westward gan hym drawe.
- a1450(1391) Chaucer Astr.(Benson-Robinson)1.21.17 : Alle the sterres..fixed oute of the zodiak ben clepid sterres of the south.
3.
(a) The south wind; (b) the south line on an astrolabe [cp. south line, s.v. south adj. (b)]; (c) at a ~ and bi est, in the direction of the moon when visible in the sky one compass point east of south.
Associated quotations
a
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Job 37.17 : Wheþer þi cloþes ben not hote whan þe erþe shal ben blowen þurȝ with þe souþ?
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)SSol.4.16 : Rijs, north, & cum, south [WB(2): south wynd; L auster]; blowe þurȝ my gardyn & þer shul flowen swote spices of it.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Deeds 27.13 : Sothli the south blowynge, thei..seiliden to Crete.
- c1450 Treat.Fish.(Yale 171)169/6-7 : The west and þe sowthe be ryght good; ȝet of þe two þe sowth is þe bettur.
- a1500(c1340) Rolle Psalter (UC 64)125.5 : As the south blawand, frosyn strandis lesis and rennys, swa the halygast blawand in vs, we ere lesyd of syn, [etc.].
b
- a1450(1391) Chaucer Astr.(Benson-Robinson)2.17.9 : Aspye diligently whan this same firste sterre passith eny thyng the south westward.
c
- ?c1475 Direct.Sailing in Hak.Soc.79 (Lnsd 285)13 : Loke ye seeke Caleis haven at a south southest mone or els at a South and by est.
4.
In surname.
Associated quotations
- (1332) Sub.R.Sus.in Sus.RS 10244 : Johe bi Suthe.