Middle English Dictionary Entry
sǒund(e n.(1)
Entry Info
| Forms | sǒund(e n.(1) Also soun, sonde, sund(e & (error) sowde; pl. sound(e)s, etc. & (assimilated to preceding element in cpd.) -shondes. |
| Etymology | OE sund; also cp. ON: cp. OI sund swimming, channel; & cp. OF sonde sounding lead. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) A body of water; also, a channel; ?also, a device used for measuring the depth of water [quot. ?c1475, 1st]; (b) swimming; also, the ability to swim; on ~, engaged in swimming; (c) the swimming bladder or intestines of a fish, used for glue or in recipes as a thickening agent; stok-fish ~; (d) in surnames and place name.
Associated quotations
a
- a1350 Horn (Hrl 2253)36/628 : Yfond a ship rowen in þe sound byflowen.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)1841 : Þat was na creatur in liue..Bot it war fisse þat flett on sund.
- ?c1475 Direct.Sailing in Hak.Soc.79 (Lnsd 285)18 : Yif ye have a quarter tide at the flat holme ye may..go ovir Langborde with Ketils wode with a gode ship, for ye shall have iij fadome on the sonde or more.
- ?c1475 Direct.Sailing in Hak.Soc.79 (Lnsd 285)18 : The sowde [read: sownde] of blaskay lye north and south.
- ?c1475 Direct.Sailing in Hak.Soc.79 (Lnsd 285)19 : The sonde and the forelonde be est..the sounde of Ranseynes the same cours with Benoster.
- ?c1475 Direct.Sailing in Hak.Soc.79 (Lnsd 285)21 : Yif ye have an c fadome depe..than ye shall go north in till the sonde ayen in lxxij fadome.
b
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)10641 : Baldulf..bi-haldeð hu ligeð i þan stræme stelene fisces; mid sweorde bi-georede heore sund is awemmed.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)621 : Fiss on sund [Frf: sonde] and fouxl on flight Was brought all fort in his sight.
c
- (1323-4) Sacrist R.Ely 243 : In sound. empt. pro pictore, 4 d.
- (1348) *Acc.Exch.K.R.470/18.m.10 [OD col.] : Pro c Soundes emptis pro glu ad Carpent[arios] inde faciend[o], xviij d.
- (1350-51) in Hope Windsor C.161 : In cvj stokfisshsondes emptis pro glu inde faciendo pro stallis capelle predicte, iij s. j d..In cc Stokfisshondes emptis pro glu, [etc.].
- c1400 Femina (Trin-C B.14.40)43 : Þe sound [F noo] a non cast hyt out; Bowel & chyne also ȝe shal do.
- (1417-18) Acc.Met.Col.in Archaeol.J.665 : Item, solut' Thome Barsham..pro soundys pissium, 17 d.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)466 : Sounde [KC: sown], of a fysche: Ventigina.
- a1450 Hrl.Cook.Bk.(1) (Hrl 279)26 : Take Soundys of watteryd Stokkefysshe..& sethe ouer þe fyre.
- ?a1475 Noble Bk.Cook.(Hlk 674)38 : To make braun ryall in Lent tak sownds of stok fische, dry, and do them in water iij daies, [etc.].
- ?a1475 Noble Bk.Cook.(Hlk 674)74 : To boile gurnard or Rochet, draw a gurnard at the belly and tak out the sound and the resset and slit the pok, shave it clene, and let it hong by.
d
- (1251) Close R.Hen.III438 : Walterus de la Sond'.
- (1296) in Löfvenberg ME Local Surnames206 : Rob. de Sunde.
- (1327) in Löfvenberg ME Local Surnames205 : Mat. atte Sounde.
- (1333) in Löfvenberg ME Local Surnames205 : Joh. atte Sunde.
- ?c1475 Direct.Sailing in Hak.Soc.79 (Lnsd 285)18 : Beware of Columsonde; it flowith fro Londay to the Holmys est and west.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
- a1500 Sln.122 Artist.Recipes (Sln 122) 121/16 : Take a sond of a fysche and weethe it in water nesche, and then gryndi it on a stoon ryght smale.
- a1500 Dc.45 Artist.Recipes (Dc 45) 151/7 : To make a syse..take þe sownd of a stokfysche and put hyt in water and sede hyt longe.
- a1450 Ex-C.3521 Artist.Recipe (Ex-C 3521) 318/14 : Take the sawle of a mywel fyshe, that is to say a whyte skyn that lyeth by the chyne bone.
Note: Additional quots., sense (c). New spellings: sond, sownd & (error) sawle.