Middle English Dictionary Entry
bēr(e n.(1)
Entry Info
Forms | bēr(e n.(1) Also beare, beor(e, bore. Forms: gen.sg. beran, beres; pl. beres, bueres, boeren. |
Etymology | WS, Nhb. bera; forms in eo, oe, o and ue are from Merc. *beora. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) A bear; (b) blak ~, a bear with black fur; whit ~, white bear, polar bear; wild ~, untamed bear; (c) ~ baiting, the sport of setting dogs upon a bear chained to a stake; ~ binder, bear tamer, bear keeper [cp. ber(e)ward]; bere(s) fel, bear skin; bere(s) fot, bear's paw; beres grece, bear fat, bear's grease; ~ heved, bear's head; ~ hunte, bear hunter; ~ kin, bear kin, of the bear family; ~ kind, bear's nature, like a bear; ~ plei, ?the playing of bears, ?bearbaiting; bere(s) skin, ~ shin, bear skin; ~ son, bear's son; --pers. name; ?~ smerwe, bear's grease; ~ stake, stake to which the bear was chained for baiting; ~ whelp, bear cub; (d) binden ~, to chain up a bear, to overcome or master a bear [cp. ~ binder].
Associated quotations
a
- c1175 Stw.57 Gloss.(Stw 57)411 : Ursus: bere.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)25617 : He þer þene beore ofsloh.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Juliana (Bod 34)65/705 : Tet beali blencte..& leac him aȝeinwart as þe beare [Roy: a beore].
- c1275(?c1250) Owl & N.(Clg A.9)1021 : He miȝte bet teche ane bore [Jes-O: beore] To weȝe boþe sheld & spere.
- (c1300) Havelok (LdMisc 108)1838-40 : So don on bere Dogges, þat wolden him to-tere, þanne men doth þe bere beyte.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)4141 : Him þoȝte he sey a grislich bere [vr. beore; B: beor].
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)15 : Þe uet weren ilich þet uet of bere.
- c1350 Cmb.Ee.4.20.Nominale (Cmb Ee.4.20)699 : Vrs, senge, et leparde: Bere, ape, and leparde.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)1723 : But sche a bere were to baite at a stake.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Dc 370)4 Kings 2.24 : Two beris wente oute fro the wyild wode.
- c1390 Bi west (Vrn)5 : Beores, wolues wiþ Mouþes wyde, þe smale Beestes þei al to-rente.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)302a/a : Þe grece of a bere helpeþ aȝeins fallyng heer.
- c1400(?a1300) KAlex.(LdMisc 622)1820 : Men dreden hym..So chalf þe bere [LinI: beore].
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.7801 : Of skyn was blak & rowe as eny bere.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)4.1453 : That on thenketh the beere, But al another thenketh his ledere.
- c1430(c1386) Chaucer LGW (Benson-Robinson)1214 : Why nyl the leoun comen, or the bere?
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)32 : Bere, beste: Ursus.
- c1460(a1449) Lydg.Cock (Hrl 2255)124 : Brechelees beerys be betyn on the bare; Houndys for favour wyl nat spare To pynch his pylche.
- c1450 Dice(1) (Frf 16)354 : Ye be to thryve as lothe as bere to stake.
- (a1464) Capgr.Chron.(Cmb Gg.4.12)124 : He appered to a holy man..al the body lich a bere.
- a1475(?a1430) Lydg.Pilgr.(Vit C.13)8494 : Lyk the bacyn that ys brennynge..The Beere yt reueth off hys syht And maketh hym blynd.
- c1500(?a1475) Ass.Gods (Trin-C R.3.19)325 : By her sate..The rewde god Pan..Clad in russet frese & breched lyke a bere.
b
- a1275 Louerd asse þu ard (Trin-C B.14.39)290 : Heo sai heþene men asse wilde boeren & wod.
- a1275 *Body & S.(4) (Trin-C B.14.39)30a : Þu ne maut nout lepen..Wilde beres [Hrl: bueres] to beten.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)1769 : He was war of þe white beres.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)2299 : Þer com..wilde beris & apes.
- (c1385) Chaucer CT.Kn.(Manly-Rickert)A.2018 : Yet saugh I..The hunte strangled with the wilde beres.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)1.323 : Islond, þat ilond, haþ..in þe north þe froren see..and þere beeþ þe whyte beres þat brekeþ þe yse for to drawe out fische.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.NP.(Manly-Rickert)B.4125 : The humour of malencolie causeth..a man in sleep to crie, For fere of blake beres.
- a1450(?c1421) Lydg.ST (Arun 119)3596 : The blak [vr. wilde] beer and þe wilde Roo.
c
- ?a1200(OE) Hrl.HApul.(Hrl 6258B:Berberich)127.116/2 : Do þanne þarto..beran seruwes [?read: smeruwes] & heortes.
- (c1200) Doc.Ireland in RS 5338 : Algar bereson.
- c1230(?a1200) *Ancr.(Corp-C 402)54b : Þis leaste beore hwelp [Nero: bore hweolp] is grimmest of alle
- c1230(?a1200) *Ancr.(Corp-C 402)80b : Þe deouel is beore cunnes [Nero: beorekunnes] & haueð asse cunde.
- (1278) Pleas Som.in Som.RS 41143 : Walter Berehunte.
- (1330) Court R.Colchester 198 : Le Berestake.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)2354 : Buske þe of þis bere fel.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)2361 : Þe beres fel schal neuer fro my bac.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)2420 : Þe bere schinnes from here bodi þei hent.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)2607 : Þei founde þe beres skinnes, & þe bestes flayne.
- (1380) Will Court Hust.(Gldh)2.226 : [He leaves his leasehold interest in a house in] Berebyndereslane.
- (c1385) Chaucer CT.Kn.(Manly-Rickert)A.2142 : He hadde a beres skyn colblak for old.
- c1390 Disp.Virg.& Cross (Vrn)277 : To helle he horlede..Beerynge as a Beore whelp.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)275a/b : Fleisshly as þe clyfte of a bere foot.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)301b/b : Þe bere hede is feble, and his moste strengþe is in his armes and in þe lendes.
- a1400 Ancr.Recl.(Pep 2498)139/29 : Þe fende is bere kynde bihynde & asse bifore.
- a1400 War þe from (Hrl 7322)266 : War þe from þe bere plei, auantir last he bite.
- c1400(?a1300) KAlex.(LdMisc 622)199 : Þere was..Of lyons chace, of bere [LinI: beore] baityng.
- (?1440) Palladius (DukeH d.2)1.838 : Euery toole in beris grees defoule.
- a1450(1408) *Vegetius(1) (Dc 291)39b : Helmes y-heled wiþ bere skynnes.
- (1451) Capgr.St.Gilb.(Add 36704)65/22 : Thei vsed..not to renne to wrastillingis, ber-baytingis, and swech oþir onthrifty occupaciones.
- (c1460) Bk.Arms in Anc.7 (Hrl 2169)200 : [Gold two] berys fete [sable].
- a1500(?c1425) Spec.Sacer.(Add 36791)14/34 : Reginald the Bere Sone.
d
- c1390 Disp.Virg.& Cross (Vrn)278 : A beore is bounden and beted.
- c1390 Whon Men beoþ (Vrn)54 : Nis non so fresch..Ne non so bold Beores to bynde, þat he haþ warnynges to beo ware.
- c1475(c1399) Mum & S.(1) (Cmb Ll.4.14)3.29 : Ne to bayten on the bere, ne bynde him noþer.
- 1543(1464) Hardyng Chron.B (Grafton)p.74 : Oftymes a symple manne..better reason canne..Then canne a lorde, though he may beres bynde.
2.
A painted or embroidered representation of a bear.
Associated quotations
- (1432) Rec.St.Mary at Hill27 : Also ij grene copes of selk with beres.
- (1448) Acc.St.Mary Thame in BBOAJ 1214 : Stole with beres and Byrdes of gold.
3.
The bear as a type of the sins of sloth and gluttony; also, a person whose character is dominated by such a sin.
Associated quotations
- c1230(?a1200) *Ancr.(Corp-C 402)52a : Beore of dead slawðe [Pep: þe bere of heuy slouþe].
- c1230(?a1200) *Ancr.(Corp-C 402)54a : Þe Beore [Nero: Bore; Recl.: bere] of heui slawðe haueð þeose hwelpes.
- (c1395) WBible(2) Prol.Is.(Roy 1.C.8)p.226 : Men ben clepid beeris for gredynesse ether glotonye, and mulis for letcherie.
- c1425(?c1400) Wycl.Apol.(Dub 245)58 : Þe bere of glotonie romist a bout, þat singiþ..for to fille þe wombe..Sir Beringary þe bere syngiþ þe messe.
4.
Astron. Either of the two constellations known as the Big and Little Dipper (Ursa major, Ursa minor); the lesse ~, the Little Dipper; the more ~, the Big Dipper.
Associated quotations
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)118a/a : Þe signe arthurus..is propirliche a sterre I-set bihinde þe taile of þe signe þat hatte vrsa maior, þe more bere.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)118a/b : Þilke sterres windiþ & turneþ rounde aboute þat lyne þat hatte axis, as a bere aboute þe stake. And þerfore þat cercle is I-clepid þe more bere.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)4.m.6.10 : Ne the sterre yclepid the Bere, that enclyneth his ravysschynge coursis abowte the sovereyn heighte of the world.
- (1449) Metham AC (Gar 141)536 : And in the fyrst fyx sygne the doutyr off Lycaon, Clad in sterrys off gold, cumpasyng tweyn berys qwyght.
- (1449) Metham AC (Gar 141)554 : And toward the Lesse Bere Thyse goddys and goddessys conioynyd were.
- c1450(c1380) Chaucer HF (Benson-Robinson)1004 : Goddes gonne stellifye..the Raven, or eyther Bere, Or Arionis harpe fyn.