Middle English Dictionary Entry
sinder n.
Entry Info
| Forms | sinder n. Also sindre, cindir, (early acc.) sindrun & (in place names) sindur-, silder-; pl. sinders, sindres, sindris, sindirres, cindres, sendres & (?error) cyniers. |
| Etymology | OE sinder, sindra & OF cendre, cindre, sendre; pl. form cyniers may belong to ME ciner n. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) Waste from metal combusted in a furnace, slag; also fig. [quot.: a1500(1413)]; a piece of slag; ?also, crushed slag [quot.: 1440 PParv.]; (b) rust.
Associated quotations
a
- ?a1200(?OE) PDidax.(Hrl 6258b)27/22 : Nim hwitne stor and seolferun syndrun and swefel and meng togadere.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)131b/b : Fire purgiþ and clensiþ of syndir and rust and amendiþ metal þat he may nat waste.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)200b/a : Synder hatte scoria and is þe filthe of Iren þat is clensed þer fro in fyre.
- a1425 *Medulla (Stnh A.1.10)58b/b : Scopulus: a lytel sharpe tree, a knage, a roche of ston or synder.
- ?a1425 *MS Htrn.95 (Htrn 95)183a/a : Hete a gobet of a mylne stone in þe fire, oþer of sinder of iren, & make it rede hote and slecken it in vineger.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)78 : Cyndyr of þe smythys fyre: Casuma.
- c1440 Thrn.Med.Bk.(Thrn)17/28 : Syne take hate syndirs of yryn at a smythe & putt þam in an newe erthen potte.
- (a1475) Recipe Painting(2) in Archaeol.J.1 (Sln 73)155 : If he turne eny thing blak liche syndre, and that it be more brokel than it was bifore, triste wel that it is not lapus lazuly.
- ?c1475 *Cath.Angl.(Add 15562)114b : A Syndyr: Scoria.
- c1484(a1475) Caritate SSecr.(Tak 38)121/23 : Ther be put in medicynis pycche, wax, arsenyk, syndyrris of yrin, cassia fystula, manna, and sqwyche odyr.
- a1500(1413) *Pilgr.Soul (Eg 615)4.25.69a : Tho þat be found fyn golde schul be receyved in to the kynges tresour, and þo þat be founde askes & synder schal be cast owt in to þat othir fier benethe to brenne for euer.
- ?a1500 Trin-C.LEDict.Suppl.(Trin-C O.5.4)571/29 : Cauterium ferrum ustum: Synder.
b
- a1400 Mirfeld Sinonoma (Pmb-O 2)21 : Ferrugo: sinder.
2.
Pl. (a) Ashes; cinders; (b) ashes as a commodity, used in dye-making or some other process; sendres roche, ?ashes mixed with alum.
Associated quotations
a
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.3192 : Þis cite Schuld in-to asches & cyndres turned be.
- ?a1425(c1400) Mandev.(1) (Tit C.16)67/23 : Þere besyden growen trees þat beren full faire apples..but whoso breketh hem..he schall fynde within hem coles & cyndres [F cendres] jn tokene þat be wratthe of god the cytees..weren brente.
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Grail (Corp-C 80)23.544 : The Modir to powdir is brend Anon..Thus Eten they [phoenix's offspring] of here Moder Syndres.
b
- (1341-2) in Gras Eng.Cust.Syst.175 : Item, reddit compotum pro custuma de iiii xx et x barrellis de sendres..Summa xv s.
- (1381) Plea & Mem.R.Lond.Gildh.295 : [18] barells [of] sendres Roche.
- (1381) Plea & Mem.R.Lond.Gildh.295 : [9 barrels of] sendres [of] poudre.
- c1436 Ipswich Domesday(2) (Add 25011)181 : Of smal trussys of clothys, tunnes of woide, barell of syndres..it is ordeyned that other..bererys moun travaylyn among these thynges and getyn her lyvyng with the forseyd bererys.
3.
An ember, a hot piece of fuel; ~ clot.
Associated quotations
- c1390 NHom.Narrat.(Vrn)43.310/18 : Euere as his tonge out schot, hit glowed as a synder clot.
- c1450 Med.Bk.(1) (Med-L 136)102/275 : Take a rede onyone..and sett it in the hoote eymeres & lat hym boyle wele or rost in the cyniers.
4.
Pl. a shard or shiver of glass.
Associated quotations
- (a1460) Bokenham Sts. (Adv Abbotsford B3)94.50 (v.2:p.116) : He commaundid hym to be ledde to prison and there nakid to be leid vpon the syndris of glasse [L vitrum fractum; vr. vitream fractam].
5.
In surname and place names [see Smith PNElem.2. 122-3].
Associated quotations
- (1239) in Wallenberg PNKent85 : De Synderhelle.
- (1258) EPNSoc.40 (Glo.)217 : Sinderford.
- (1262) EPNSoc.9 (Dev.)597 : Synderburge.
- (1262) EPNSoc.9 (Dev.)597 : Sylderburthge.
- (1264) in Wallenberg PNKent85 : De Sinderhell.
- (1283) in Wallenberg PNKent85 : Sindurhulle.
- (1284) EPNSoc.9 (Dev.)597 : Syndrecumbe.
- (1296) in Löfvenberg ME Local Surnames188 : Sim. atte Synderford.